Evaluation of flax accessions for high value textile end uses

Due to recent changes in EC subsidies for flax cultivation it has been difficult to grow short fibre flax profitably in the UK. The Texflax project aimed to demonstrate that high quality flax fibre can be produced and processed on short fibre cotton spinning systems. Initially 92 flax accessions were cultivated on test sites in the UK over three growing seasons to explore the range of fibre diameter found in fibre flax. The efficacy of applying a translocating herbicide at different stages of plant maturity for optimum fine fibre production was explored. A range of factors indicated that application at the midpoint of flowering stage is favourable for the desiccation of flax and onset of retting. Fibre was caustic extracted using a laboratory method developed at De Montfort University, and fibre evaluated in terms of diameter, length, consistency and cleanliness. At the end of the project five accessions from the original 92 were chosen as producing optimal quality fibre suitable for high value textile end uses. Improved agronomy and subsequent processing enabled yarns with a 50:50 cotton:flax blend to be spun at 26 N m yarn count, the normal blend ratio for this count being 70:30. The yarn properties show an improvement when compared to standard products and finer quality fabrics have been prepared using the yarns.     

Physical and chemical properties of flax fibres from stand-retted crops desiccated at different stages of maturity

Dessication of flax at the mid-point of flowering, followed by stand-retting and high-speed decortication, yielded finer, stronger fibres with lower acid-insoluble lignin content and lighter colour than desiccation at later timings of two weeks after mid-flower and six weeks after mid-flower. Although fibres from all desiccation timings could be carded and blended with wool for spinning on woollen or worsted spinning systems, only the fine fibre from the earliest desiccated flax was suitable for carding, drawing, blending with cotton and spinning on cotton-processing systems.It was concluded that the lower lignin content at mid-flower allowed more complete retting of fibre bundles to give a higher yield of fine elementary fibres. This cotton-compatible fibre was produced at a competitive cost compared with cotton. It is suggested that further optimisation of desiccation timing may permit increased yields of cotton-compatible fibre.     

国内外亚麻种质资源的综合评价

对“八五”“九五”期间收集的464份国内外亚麻种质资源进行农艺性状、产量性状、抗逆性鉴定及综合评价。筛选出早熟资源261份、原茎产量高资源314份、纤维产量高资源268份、种子产量高资源137份、抗逆性强资源60份，可作为育种的基础材料和种质创新等利用。     

Correlating the fineness and residual gum content of degummed hemp fibres

It is well known residual gum exists in degummed or retted hemp fibres. Gum removal results in improvement in fibre fineness and the properties of the resultant hemp yarns. However, it is not known what correlation if any exists between the residual gum content in retted hemp fibres and the fibre fineness, described in terms of fibre width in this paper. This study examined the mean width and coefficient of variation (CV) of fibre width of seventeen chemically retted hemp samples with reference to residual gum content. The mean and CV of fibre width were obtained from an Optical fibre diameter analyser (OFDA 100). The linear regression analysis results show that the mean fibre width is directly proportional to the residual gum content. A slightly weaker linear correlation also exists between the coefficient of variation of fibre width and the residual gum content. The strong linear co-relation between the mean of fibre width and the residual gum content is a significant outcome, since testing for fibre width using the OFDA is a much simpler and quicker process than testing the residual gum content. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) reinforces the OFDA findings. SEM micrographs show a flat ribbon like fibre cross-section hence the term “fibre width” is used instead of fibre diameter. Spectral differences in the untreated dry decorticated skin samples and chemically treated and subsequently carded samples indicate delignification. The peaks at 1370 cm⁻¹, 1325 cm⁻¹, 1733 cm⁻¹, and 1600 cm⁻¹ attributed to lignin in the untreated samples are missing from the spectra of the treated samples. The spectra of the treated samples are more amine-dominated with some of the OH character lost.     

Vibration damping of flax fibre-reinforced polypropylene composites

This work investigates the effects of fibre content and fibre orientation on the damping of flax fibre-reinforced polypropylene composites. Laminates of various fibre contents were manufactured by a vacuum bagging process; their dynamic behaviour were then found from the vibration measurements of beam test specimens using an impulse hammer technique to frequencies of 1 kHz. The frequency response of a sample was measured and the response at resonance was used to estimate the natural frequency and loss factor. The single-degree-of-freedom circle-fit method and the Newton’s divided differences formula were used to estimate the natural frequencies as well as the loss factors. The damping estimates were also investigated using a “carpet” plot. Experiments were subsequently conducted on a range of samples with different fibre volume fractions and orientations. The results show significant variations in natural frequencies and loss factors according to the variations in fibre orientation. Composites containing 45°, 60° and 90° fibre orientation exhibit approximately the same natural frequencies. Composites with differing fibre orientations exhibit different loss factors for the various modes of vibration, and the maximum loss factor is obtained for the case of 45° fibre orientation, with the loss factor generally lying in the range of 2-7 %. It was found that the loss factor increases with increasing frequency and decreases slightly with increasing fibre content. These outcomes indicate that flax fibre-reinforced composite could be a commercially viable material for applications in which noise and vibration are significant issues and where a significant amount of damping is required.     

一种估测亚麻出麻率的简便方法

统计分析显示亚麻茎中段的出麻率与单株出麻率相关极显著，可以在育种的单株选择过程中，利用茎中段的出麻率来快速估算单株出麻率，以减轻工作量，提高工作效率。     

一种估测亚麻出麻率的简便方法

统计分析显示亚麻茎中段的出麻率与单株出麻率相关极显著 ,可以在育种的单株选择过程中 ,利用茎中段的出麻率来快速估算单株出麻率 ,以减轻工作量 ,提高工作效率。     

Relations between the characteristics of Angora rabbit fibre

Angora rabbit fibre is one of the finest specialty animal fibres with its well-known reputation for fineness, lightness and softness. This study evaluated the Angora fibre shape and morphology in comparison with Cashmere fibre and wool as well as the relation between characteristics of Angora fibre. Unlike other keratinous textile fibres, single Angora fibre composes of two sections named as body and head, each of which has individual surface characteristics. Differences between the scale shapes, scale length and scale frequency of Angora hair types were explained in details. Medullation in Angora fibre was explained for different types of Angora hairs defined as down, awn and bristle. This classification was done according to the fibre fineness starting from the finer one. Relation between fibre shape and comfort factor was also analyzed. The relation between mean fibre diameter (MFD), fibre curvature (FC) and percentage of medullation by volume (MEDV) for Angora rabbit fibre was not as strong as wool and Cashmere fibre. Accordingly, when Angora hair types were analyzed individually, it was observed that relation between FC and MEDV for Angora fibre was stronger than wool and Cashmere fibre. Multiple regression analysis was also performed. Diameter distribution along the snippet length (about 200μm) of Angora fibre is uneven compared to Cashmere fibre and wool.     

节节麦居群间的籽粒性状变异及相关性分析

为了给节节麦的遗传研究提供信息,对来自中东地区及中国陕西、河南及新疆的214份节节麦材料的籽粒性状的变异及相关性进行了分析。结果表明,中东地区和中国新疆的节节麦籽粒性状的变异系数均高于河南和陕西的节节麦;通过对四个地区节节麦籽粒的粒长、粒宽、粒厚和粒重的平均值做单因素方差分析及S-N-K多重比较,并对上述四个形态指标的平均值做聚类分析,结果显示,新疆节节麦单独聚为一类,中东地区、陕西和河南的节节麦聚为一类,其中河南和陕西的相似性更为一致。同时对四个地区节节麦籽粒的粒形(长、宽、厚)与其粒重进行了相关性分析,结果显示,中东地区和新疆节节麦粒重主要取决于其粒长,河南节节麦粒重则主要取决于其粒宽,而陕西节节麦粒重与其粒长呈负相关,主要取决于其粒宽和粒厚。     

荷花株型相关性状与SSR分子标记的关联分析

以129份株型多样性丰富的莲属（Nelumbo Adans.）群体为供试群体,观测与株型相关的立叶高度、花柄高度、立叶短径、立叶长径等数量性状。供试荷花群体株型性状变异丰富,立叶高度、花柄高度变异系数分别达39.68%和41.69%,立叶短径、立叶长径变异系数分别为29.70%和31.41%。选用多态性好的98对SSR引物对129份莲属种质进行多位点扫描。利用STRUCTURE V2.2软件对供试莲属品种进行基于混合模型的群体结构分析。利用GLM模型分析与莲株型性状相关联的SSR标记。结果表明：从群体结构看,供试群体最终可被划分为4个亚群,中国莲传统品种和中美杂交种属于不同的亚群,同时有部分遗传背景复杂的杂交种在不同亚群间分布。通过关联分析共找到11个标记与花柄高度、立叶高度、立叶长径、立叶短径等4个性状显著相关。其中,SSR067、SSR132、SSR458标记与所观测株型性状均显著相关,可能由于基因连锁或者一因多效引起。在连续2年的重复试验中,SSR132和SSR458标记均可与立叶长径、立叶短径相关联,表明这2个标记可能受环境影响较小。     

亚麻外源DNA导入的适宜时期与方法的研究

本试验以国外引入的高纤品种及目前生产上广泛应用的品种为材料，首先进行了授粉时间的研究，试验结果可以看出：7：30-8：30为完全授粉时间，然后进行了DNA导入时间和导入方法的研究，试验结果表明：在亚麻开花当天，11；点30分前后为较适宜的时期，以花柱基部切割滴注为较适宜的方法。     

亚麻鲜茎雨露沤制技术的初步研究

雨露麻以其生产方式简单,成本低,不污染环境而被广泛应用,但传统的雨露麻采用人工收获,在多雨季节里原茎保存困难,常发生霉烂。给工农业均造成损失。鲜茎雨露沤麻技术的提出解决了这一问题,同时使沤麻时间提前10天左右,亚麻收获就开始沤制,充分利用了亚麻收获季节的高温和降雨。沤麻速度快,沤麻时间缩短,降低了生产成本,麻率相对提高0.5-1个百分点,纤维强度增加1.2—2.7kg。此项技术对我国雨露麻的发展具有一定的指导意义。     

Evaluation of the fineness of degummed bast fibers

Fiber fineness characteristics are important for yarn production and quality. In this paper, degummed bast fibers such as hemp, flax and ramie have been examined with the Optical Fiber Diameter Analyzer (OFDA100 and OFDA2000) systems for fiber fineness, in comparison with the conventional image analysis and the Wira airflow tester. The correlation between the results from these measurements was analysed. The results indicate that there is a significant linear co-relation between the fiber fineness measurement results obtained from those different systems. In addition, the mean fiber width and its coefficient of variation obtained from the OFDA100 system are smaller than those obtained from the OFDA2000 system, due to the difference in sample preparation methods. The OFDA2000 system can also measure the fiber fineness profile along the bast fiber plants, which can be useful for plant breeding.     

A preliminary evaluation of matricaria maritimum fibres for polymer reinforcement

This short communication describes results from a preliminary characterization of the dimensions and mechanical properties of matricaria maritimum fibres. The aim is to develop a complementary industrial application of these plants, which are grown along the coast mainly for pharmaceutical use. The fibres are shown to be of small diameter, 5-10 μm, and tubular in form. Nano-indentation on fibres and tensile tests on fibre bundles provide an indication of the mechanical behaviour of these fibres, which are similar to those of sisal (leaf fibre) and miscanthus (grass fibre), and may be interesting for reinforcement of polymer matrix composites.     

亚麻品种资源对枯萎病的抗性评价 —06

利用亚麻枯萎病病圃,对508份国内外亚麻品种资源进行了抗枯萎病的鉴定和评价,按照参试品种较统 一感病对照发病率的降低率,把抗枯萎病程度划分为高抗(HR) 、中抗(MR) 、低抗(LR) 、低感(LS) 、中感(MS)和高 感(HS)共6个级别。各个级别的品种资源数分别为45、38、64、92、112 和157;分别占试验资源总数的8. 9%、 7. 5%、12. 5%、18. 1%、22. 1%和30. 9%。高、中抗资源共计16. 4%。筛选出的高抗和中抗枯萎病资源中有41份 属于首次报道,其中包括13份国外引进品种、7份国内地方品种和21份国内育成品种,一些重点抗源已成功地应 用于亚麻抗枯萎病育种实践。     

杧果种质资源若干植物学数量性状评价指标探讨

为建立或完善中国数量化、规范化的杧果种质资源描述系统,以便更好地为中国杧果种质资源的研究工作服务,2007～2009年7月,在海南儋州市中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所杧果种质圃内进行杧果品种(种质)资源的叶片长度、叶片宽度、叶柄长度、花序长度、花序宽度、花直径、果实纵径、果实横径、果实侧径、核长度、核宽度和核厚度等12项植物学数量性状指标的测定.结果表明, 12个数量性状均存在10%以上的变异系数,叶柄长度、果实纵径和果核长度呈偏态分布,其他9项呈正态分布.根据分析结果,提出了性状分级标准,建议将12个植物学数量性状分为1～5个等级,每个等级提出2个参照品种,1个国外品种,1个国内品种.该研究为中国杧果种质资源描述系统数量化、规范化的建立或完善奠定基础.     

10个亚麻品种亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用25个随机引物对10种来自不同国家和地区的亚麻品种的遗传多样性进行RAPD分析,共扩增出852条带,其中206条多态性带,多态率为24.18%。10个品种间的遗传距离在0.0273-0.0724之间,用UPGMA法建立了10个亚麻品种的亲缘关系树状图,并可将它们分为3组。其中,纤用亚麻大多聚在一起,油用亚麻各自成类。表明用RAPD分子标记技术分析亚麻的不同品种间的遗传多样性是可靠的,通过本研究获得的10个亚麻品种间的亲缘关系能够为这些品种间亲本的选配及遗传多样性的评价提供帮助,揭示了亚麻品种种质资源的多样性。     

赤霉素对亚麻纤维发育及产量的影响

在亚麻纤维的快速生长期，向叶片喷施不同浓度的赤霉素溶液，随着亚麻植株的生长，观察其纤维发育情况，通过对获得数据进行分析，证明赤霉素对亚麻纤维的生长及产量具有较大影响，可使亚麻纤维产量得到显著提高。     

浅谈中国纤维亚麻的现状与建议

本文从中国纤维亚麻优势、中国亚麻的科研工作、问题与差距和对亚麻生产发展的建议四个方面对进行了论述。客观地分析了中国纤维亚麻所处的现状，对今后中国开展纤维亚麻的工作提出了建议，为中国纤维亚麻的发展提供了理论依据。