猪H1foo基因的克隆与真核表达载体的构建

卵特异性连接组蛋白(oocyte-specific linker histone H1,H1foo)是在哺乳动物卵母细胞与早期胚胎内特异表达的连接组蛋白,它在卵母细胞生长成熟、受精及胚胎发育中起关键性作用.本研究旨在克隆猪H1foo基因,并构建其真核表达载体.首先利用5'RACE和RT-PCR的方法获得猪H1foo基因的CDS区,并提交GenBank,登录号为HQ915640;然后将H1foo基因的CDS区连接到载体pMD19-T上,经酶切后定向克隆到表达载体pVenus上,从而构建pVenus-H1foo真核表达载体;用脂质体2000介导重组质粒pVenus-H1foo转染Hela细胞,荧光显微镜下观察、RT-PCR检测,确定重组质粒在Hela细胞内的表达和定位;最后通过体外转录试剂盒将H1foo-venus体外转录为mRNA,并显微注射至猪卵母细胞,荧光显微镜观察其表达和定位.序列分析表明猪Hlfoo基因CDS区全长1 041bp,编码346个氨基酸,蛋白分子量为36.45kD,在核苷酸水平上与牛、人和小鼠H1foo基因的相似度分别为75.7％、67.9％和54.3％;真核表达载体pVenus-H1foo转染后,能在He(l)a细胞中表达并可以准确的定位在细胞核;体外转录的H1foo-venusmRNA显微注射猪卵后其融合蛋白也能准确定位于细胞核.本研究克隆了猪H1foo基因并成功构建其真核表达载体;体外转录的H1foo-venusmRNA能在猪卵中正确表达和定位,为进一步研究H1foo在猪卵母细胞成熟以及核移植过程中的作用提供了基础资料.     

大家畜诱导多潜能干细胞(iPSCs)研究进展

向分化的体细胞内导入特定的诱导因子,可将其重编程为诱导多潜能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,iPSCs),iPSCs同胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ESCs)一样具有自我更新并维持未分化状态的能力。iPSCs的出现,有效地解决了ESCs研究领域存在的伦理道德限制和免疫排斥问题。自2006年国际上首次成功获得小鼠(Mus musculus)诱导多潜能干细胞以来,iPSCs研究发展迅猛。从利用病毒载体到普通质粒载体,从导入DNA、RNA和蛋白质,再到利用小分子化合物组合进行体细胞重编程,iPSCs诱导技术正在向多元化发展;同时,研究者们对细胞重编程机理的认识也在加深。与此同时,大家畜iPSCs研究领域也相继获得了猪(Sus scrofa)、牛(Bos taurus)和绵羊(Ovis aries)等动物的iPSCs,并得到了iPSCs嵌合猪和iPSCs嵌合羊。由于猪等大家畜不仅在解剖和生理结构等方面与人相似,还是人类(Homo sapiens)最主要的肉类和奶类等食物来源,关系着人类的健康,因此大家畜iPSCs在临床应用和生产实践上具有重大价值。鉴于此,本文对iPSCs诱导方法、效率、机制和大家畜iPSCs研究现状做一综述。     

四环素调控基因(TetO)诱导重编程的猪体细胞系建立

建立含有TetO-FUW-OSKM和FUW-M2rtTA的第二代猪(Sus scrofa domesticus)成纤维细胞,使其在添加强力霉素(doxycycline,DOX)而无需再次感染病毒的条件下可以重编程。将慢病毒(Lentiviral)质粒四环素调控基因(TetO)-FUW-OSKM和FUW-M2rtTA同时感染猪胎儿成纤维细胞(porcine embryonic fibroblasts,PEF),在添加DOX的培养条件下,形成诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,iPSCs)。随后,将iPSCs通过形成拟胚体(embryoid body,EB)再分化为成纤维样细胞,即TetO-PEF细胞。TetO-PEF携带TetO-FUW-OSKM和FUW-M2rtTA两个载体,且外源四因子拷贝数一致,在+DOX条件下调控四因子表达,直接驱动细胞重编程。本研究建立了TetO-PEF细胞系,为优化猪iPSCs培养条件提供了新的细胞资源。     

猪诱导多能干细胞多能性相关基因启动子区域甲基化检测

DNA甲基化是一种十分重要的表观遗传修饰,与转座元件沉默、基因组印记以及X染色体失活等多种生物学过程相关。胚胎特异性转录因子的表达可以将已经分化的小鼠(Mus musculus)成纤维细胞重编程为诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)。由于在重编程过程中还伴随着一系列的表观遗传修饰变化,iPSCs可作为研究表观遗传特点的有利工具,用来研究表观遗传修饰的相互作用及其动态学过程。本研究中,从35 d的猪(Sus scrofa)胎儿分离出胎儿成纤维细胞(PFF),使用经典的4因子组合,即Oct4、Sox2、Klf4和cMyc将PFF重编程为iPSCs,并进行了多能标记的染色,结果表明,所得到的克隆呈现OCT4、SOX2、NANOG和SSEA1阳性结果。采用亚硫酸氢盐测序法对内源性多能性相关基因Oct4、Sox2、Klf4、c-Myc的启动子区域甲基化进行了检测,发现其启动子甲基化程度很低,表明体细胞重编程为iPSCs的过程伴随着多能基因启动子甲基化程度的降低,为理解iPS重编程中多能性相关基因的DNA去甲基化过程和了解控制多能性相关基因的表观遗传调节提供基础。     

小鼠Gli-similar-1(Glis1)基因新转录本功能分析

Gli-similar-1(Glis1)是一种在小鼠卵母细胞和受精卵一、二细胞期高表达蛋白,在小鼠胚胎发育中起着重要的作用。本实验以小鼠(Mus musculus)肾为材料,克隆小鼠 Glis1 基因,并构建与绿色荧光蛋白融合表达的真核表达载体 pEGFP-C1-Glis1。研究了 Glis1 蛋白的表达和亚细胞定位,并利用 qPCR 检测过表达 Glis1 对 Oct4、Sox2、c-Myc、N-Myc、Klf4、Nanog、Nrgn 和 Tspan18 等基因表达的影响。结果表明,从小鼠肾中成功克隆到 Glis1 的一个新转录本(GenBank 登录号: JQ043365),其第三个核定位信号缺失 4 个氨基酸,C 端结构域缺失 124 个氨基酸,包括富含脯氨酸结构域全部氨基酸序列。Glis1 定位于细胞核,过表达能够显著上调Tspan18。研究结果表明,Glis1 新转录本与现有转录本亚细胞定位结果一致,其在小鼠胚胎发育和小鼠成纤维细胞重编程过程中可能发挥不同的功能。     

诱导表达猪生长激素pGH载体系统构建及其在PK15细胞中表达验证

为实现外源生长激素(GH)基因在特定时间、空间的可控表达,本研究构建四环素(TET-ON)表达载体系统,并在细胞水平对该载体系统进行诱导活性验证。结果表明:(1)成功构建了重组载体pTRE-GH12;(2)筛选建立了可诱导表达GH的细胞系;(3)利用强力霉素(doxycycline,DOX)诱导阳性细胞克隆并检测外源GH的表达,QRT-PCR结果表明,实验组细胞在DOX诱导后表达活性是诱导前264.481倍;对照组细胞在DOX诱导前诱导后表达无明显变化,实验组和对照组细胞间差异极显著(P<0.01),实验组DOX诱导前后差异极显著(P<0.01);(4)Western杂交后灰度分析结果和QRT-PCR趋势一致,实验组和对照组细胞间GH蛋白表达量差异极显著(P<0.01),实验组DOX诱导前后GH蛋白表达量差异极显著(P<0.01)。研究结果提示,四环素(TET-ON)诱导猪生长激素(GH)表达系统实现了可控表达,为以后制备可诱导表达GH的转基因动物提供了技术基础。     

超表达细胞周期蛋白A2基因(CycA2)抑制猪卵母细胞PB1体外排出

在卵母细胞成熟过程中,细胞周期蛋白A2(CyclinA2,CycA2)可与不同周期蛋白依赖激酶(cyclindependent kinase,CDK)相互作用,通过其周期性表达和降解,参与调控细胞周期.为探讨CycA2基因对猪(Sus scrofa)卵母细胞体外成熟的影响,本研究从猪卵巢中克隆CycA2基因,构建野生型pVenus-CycA2和非降解型pVenus-DN157CycA2真核表达载体,转染至hela细胞,确认重组质粒的表达及定位情况.将pVenus-CycA2、pVenus-DN157CycA2体外转录为cRNA,对猪卵母细胞进行显微注射后,体外成熟培养一段时间后统计第一极体排出率,并观察其表达和定位.结果显示,显微注射了pVenus-CycA2、pVenusDN 157CycA2cRNA的卵母细胞,其第一极体(first polar body,PBl)的排出率与对照组相比极其显著降低(P＜0.001,);用Roscovitine处理的pVenus-DN 157CycA2表达的卵可恢复排出PB1的能力,其PB1排出率与对照组相比差异不显著.本研究首次揭示了CycA2基因对猪卵母细胞体外成熟过程的影响,为探索CycA2参与染色体分离调控的分子机制提供理论依据,同时也为进一步研究第二次减数分裂过程中CycA2基因的作用提供了一个平台.     

诱导多能干细胞的免疫原性

诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)是由体细胞经过特定的因子诱导重编程而来,它作为细胞更新的来源在再生医学上有着很大的应用前景。人们普遍认为产生iPSCs的个体不会排斥这种自体同源的细胞,但是它们的免疫原性没有被真正的检测过。美国加州     

用猪骨髓间充质干细胞为供体生产猪的转基因胚胎

以pEGFP-N 1质粒,通过电转染的方法转染了猪骨髓间充质干细胞,经过G 418筛选,获得了阳性细胞克隆。以转染的猪骨髓间充质干细胞与体外成熟(in v itro m aturation,IVM)的卵母细胞构建克隆胚。结果表明:通过体细胞核移植技术,猪骨髓间充质干细胞可以有效地生产转基因囊胚,并且绿色荧光蛋白可用于转基因胚胎的筛选。     

茶树脱水素基因(CsDHN)的克隆及表达分析

脱水素(dehydrins,DHNs)是植物胚胎发育后期丰富蛋白(late embriogenesis abundant protein,LEA)中的一类,与低温、干旱以及盐胁迫等多种逆境反应相关.本研究采用cDNA末端快速扩增(rapidamplification of cDNA ends,RACE)技术从茶树(Camellia sinensis)中获得一种茶树脱水素基因CsDHN (GenBank登录号:FJ436978),序列分析显示,该基因cDNA全长960 bp,编码201个氨基酸,推测编码蛋白质分子量约为21kD,等电点为8.3,属于Y3SK2型脱水素.CsDHN基因有2个外显子和1个内含子.生物信息学预测显示,该脱水素蛋白亲水性强、无信号肽和跨膜区,亚细胞定位于细胞质中.表达特性分析表明,CsDHN在逆境及脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)诱导下可上调其转录水平,4℃低温处理下表达量可提高4.2倍,而脱水处理能提高93.4倍,高盐处理能提高17.8倍,CsDHN对脱水、高盐胁迫的响应程度优于低温胁迫.CsDHN在茶树各组织器官中都有表达,其中种子中表达量最高,为叶片的11.2倍.研究表明脱水素基因CsDHN可能在茶树防御非生物逆境胁迫和参与茶树种子成熟脱水的活力保护过程起一定作用,为了解茶树抗逆分子机制提供了一定的理论基础.     

Using kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) as a phytoremediation plant species for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) removal in saline soils

Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) is usually planted from early autumn until late winter. Since most of the plants used for phytoremediation cannot be grown during this time, kale can be a suitable option for phytoremediation and utilized during autumn and winter in urban landscape, especially in metropolitan areas where high levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollutions exist. Kale growth in saline soil at different growth stages (germination and vegetative growth stages) was studied in this investigation. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications was used in this study. Treatments included three levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0, 30, and 60 mg/kg), four levels of Cd (0, 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg), and four levels of Pb (0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg). Results indicated that increase in Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil decreased fresh and dry weights of the plants. The results of the various growth stages revealed that under salinity stress, kale plants were able to absorb more Pb than Cd and effectively remediate Pb in polluted and saline lands. Cd accumulation in control treatment was 6.2% more than that in the saline treatments, whereas, Pb accumulation in the highest NaCl level, 60 mg/kg salinity treatment was 7.64% more than that of the control condition. Also, proline content of the plants was significantly increased under Cd and Pb stress. From the results of this study, it was concluded that using kale plant is recommended for phytoremediation of saline soils with 10 and 16 mg/kg Pb and Cd contents, respectively.     

锌指核酸酶(ZFN)介导的牛肌肉抑制素基因(MSTN)突变的研究

肌肉生成抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)是肌肉发育的负调控基因,突变后会引起肌肉的过度发育,在肉用动物育种中有非常重要的价值。本研究利用锌指核酸酶(zinc finger nuclease,ZFN)对牛(Bos taurus)MSTN基因的第二外显子特异性剪切,诱导该基因的突变,从而达到敲除该基因的目的。首先对脂质体介导的双质粒共转染牛成纤维细胞的条件进行优化,获得的共转染效率高达19.27%;之后利用两组ZFNs对牛成纤维细胞进行转染,单细胞通过口吸法移入96孔板,经扩大培养后进行PCR筛选,获得18株MSTN基因突变细胞株,其中包括一株双等位基因敲除的细胞系,两组ZFNs对牛成纤维细胞的突变效率分别为6.05%和3.84%;最后,挑选一株突变细胞系进行体细胞核移植研究,共获得24枚重构胚;将去除透明带的重构胚培养于2i培养液中,获得囊胚来源的类滋养层干细胞,通过PCR和测序检测,证明该细胞系在MSTN基因第二外显子具有与供体细胞相同的突变。结果表明,所合成的两组ZFNs可以在MSTN作用位点引起突变,具有很高的突变效率,而且能获得双等位基因突变的细胞株,获得的细胞株能够用作体细胞核移植的供体细胞。本研究为肉用牛的品质改良和育种工作提供了基础资料。     

表达播娘蒿突变基因DsALS-108的抗苯磺隆甘蓝型油菜植株构建

利用化学杀雄剂如苯磺隆(tribenuron-methyl,TBM)除草剂诱导雄性不育,是甘蓝型油菜(Brassicanapus)杂种优势应用的主要途径之一.选育具有TBM除草剂抗性的甘蓝型油菜作为父本,有利于简化制种程序,降低制种成本,对提高甘蓝型油菜的产量和品质具有重要意义.乙酰乳酸合成酶(acetolactate synthase,ALS)是合成支链氨基酸(缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸)的关键酶.ALS抑制类除草剂以乙酰乳酸合成酶为靶标,通过抑制其活性阻碍支链氨基酸的合成,导致植株死亡.TBM属于一种磺酰脲类(sulfonylureas,SU) ALS抑制类除草剂.为了改良甘蓝型油菜抗除草剂的遗传特性,本研究首先从一个抗TBM除草剂的播娘蒿(Descurainia sophia)天然突变体(#108)中克隆了ALS基因(GenBank登录号:EU520490),命名为DsALS-108.和拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)乙酰乳酸合成酶AtALS蛋白序列的比对结果显示,保守氨基酸位点脯氨酸197在突变型蛋白DsALS-108中替换为苏氨酸(即P197T).为了验证含有P197T突变的DsALS-108基因是否使植株产生TBM除草剂抗性的原因,构建表达载体PBI 121-DsALS-108,并通过农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法将该载体转化拟南芥,共获得12个阳性转基因株系.喷洒浓度大于等于1.0× 10-4 g/L TBM后,野生型植株停止生长,趋于死亡,而拟南芥转化植株均能正常生长,说明表达突变基因DsA LS-108致使拟南芥植株抗TBM除草剂.在甘蓝型油菜转化中,以下胚轴为外植体,通过农杆菌介导法将载体pCAMBIA3301-DsALS-108导入甘蓝型油菜中,共获得23个阳性转基因株系.结果发现,DsALS-108的表达使甘蓝型油菜对苯磺隆的抗性提高至野生型致死浓度的3倍,即7.5×10-3g/L.而且,当用化学杀雄使用剂量(0.05 mg/L TBM)处理甘蓝型油菜转化植株后,其花粉育性正常,说明该转化植株可作为父本应用于化学诱导的雄性不育系统,进行杂交制种.本研究为利用化学诱导的雄性不育系统实现杂种优势提供新材料.     

The relative efficiency of ionic iron(III) and iron(II) utilization by the rice plant

Uptake of iron by rice plants was equally rapid when supplied as ionic iron(II) or iron(III) at pH 3 and 4. Iron(III) uptake was reduced at pH 5 and uptake of iron when supplied as FeEDTA was relatively low at all three pH levels.

At pH 4 in the presence of plant roots, reduction of iron(III) to iron(II) occurred as indicated by Fe²⁺ BPDS formation. BPDS in a 3:1 ratio to iron(III) suppressed iron uptake by about 70%. The reduction was observed to be located in the endodermis of young roots and exodermis of older roots.

A capacity to oxidize iron(II) at the root surface was also observed under local anaerobic and relatively high pH conditions.

The significance of these two counteracting processes in affecting the oxidation state of iron at the root surface is discussed.     

Effect of Predominant Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Soil Quality Indicators and Soil Quality Indices under Post Monsoon (Rabi) Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor) in Rainfed Black Soils (Vertisols) of Western India

A long-term study was conducted to study the impact of integrated nutrient management on soil quality in post-monsoon sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) at Solapur in Maharashtra State in Western India under All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture. The experiment was laid out with ten Integrated Nutrient Management Treatments in a randomized block design with three replications. The results of the study indicated that among all the integrated nutrient management treatments practiced, the application of 25 kg nitrogen (N) ha^?1 through crop residue (CR) + 25 kg N ha^?1 (urea) showed the highest soil quality index of 2.36, which was at par with other treatments receiving farmyard manure (FYM) and crop residues along with urea. The relative order of performance of the integrated nutrient management treatments in influencing soil quality was: T₆: 25 kg N ha^?1 (CR) + 25 kg N ha^?1 (urea) (2.36) >T₅: 25 kg N ha^?1 (FYM) (2.31) > T₇: 25 kg N ha^?1 (FYM) +25 kg N ha^?1 (urea) (2.30) = T₈: 25 kg N ha^?1 (CR) +25 kg N ha^?1 (Leucaena loppings) (2.30) > T₁₀: 25 kg N ha^?1 (Leucaena loppings) +25 kg N ha^?1 (urea) (2.17) > T₄: 25 kg N ha^?1 (CR:crop residues) (2.16) > T₉: 25 kg N ha^?1 (Leucaena loppings) (2.15) > T₃: 50 kg N ha^?1 (urea) (2.10) > T₂: 25 kg N ha^?1 (urea) (1.99) > T_1: 0 kg N ha^?1 (control) (1.77). The results of the study also indicated that average percent contribution of each soil key indicator towards soil quality indices was: pH (3.97%), EC (1.94%), organic carbon (18.6%), available P (2.80%), available K (6.57%), exchangeable Ca (7.02%), available S (3.45%), Available Zn (17.9%), dehydrogenase (DHA) (16.2%), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) (18.5%) and mean weight diameter (MWD) (3.14%). Thus, the results of the present study will be highly useful to the land managers in planning effective management of soil quality.     

蛋鸭骨桥蛋白基因OPN的多态性与蛋品质性状的相关性研究

骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)是一种分泌型磷酸化蛋白,其可能在蛋壳形成过程中发挥作用。为了分析蛋鸭OPN基因单核甘酸多态性(SNPs)及其与蛋品性状的相关性,本研究以山麻鸭和绍兴鸭(Anas platyrhyncha domestica)各100个个体为研究材料,采用直接测序法进行OPN基因外显子7 SNPs的筛选。结果显示,山麻鸭中共发现8个突变位点,绍兴鸭有9个突变位点。在山麻鸭群体中,G544C、A671G,G672C、T761C和T873C 5处SNPs对部分蛋品性状有极显著或显著作用。而绍兴鸭群体中,A671G、G672C和T761C 3处SNPs对部分蛋品性状有极显著或显著作用。其中,山麻鸭A671G及G672C位点有3种基因型,对蛋壳厚度,BB型个体均值极显著高于其他基因型,对哈氏单位,AA型个体均值显著高于其他基因型。T761C位点有3种基因型,BB基因型对300日龄蛋壳厚度极显著优于AB/AB基因型。T873C位点,BB基因型在300日龄蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度及500日龄蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度和蛋壳重均高于其他基因型。因此推断,位点T761C的B等位基因和T873C的B等位基因为改善蛋品性状的有利基因。绍兴鸭A671G和G672C位点在500日龄蛋形指数方面,AB基因型均值极显著高于AA和BB基因型。在T761C位点,BB型和AB型的300日龄蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度均值显著高于AA基因型,在500日龄蛋形指数、蛋重、蛋壳重和蛋内容物重4个性状上,AB基因型均值略高于AA基因型,极显著高于BB基因型。结果表明,OPN基因可作为蛋品性状分子标记,为蛋鸭的标记辅助选择育种提供基础资料。     

促性腺激素释放激素基因(GnRH)和生长激素基因(GH)对番鸭产蛋性能的遗传效应分析

促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)和生长激素(GH)分别是下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(HPG)与GH/IGF轴分泌的激素,共同参与调控动物的繁殖性能。本研究以白羽番鸭(Cairina moschata)RF系为实验材料,采用PCR-SSCP技术进行基因分型,同时建立适合的线性统计模型,分析基因型与产蛋性能的关联性。结果表明,GnRH基因5’调控区检测到3种基因型AA/AB/BB,经测序比对AA型与BB型相比发生G→A突变,不同基因型与300日龄产蛋数和最大连产天数均显著相关(P<0.05),与开产日龄无显著相关(P>0.05);GH基因内含子3检测到3种基因型CC/CD/DD,经测序比对CC型与DD型相比发生A→G突变,不同基因型与最长连产天数显著相关(P<0.05),与300日龄产蛋数和开产日龄均无显著相关(P>0.05)。两个基因发挥作用的方式主要为加性效应,GnRH基因对300日龄产蛋数和最大连产天数的加性效应值分别为-3.53和-3.33,GH基因对最大连产天数的加性效应值为-2.44。推测GnRH和GH基因是与繁殖主效基因紧密连锁的标记基因。     

Enhanced root uptake of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) by tomato plants inoculated with selected Bacillus plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)

The combination of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and plant resistance inducers is an alternative crop protection approach in modern agricultural systems. Despite the numerous reports regarding the improved suppression of plant pathogens by their combined application, little is known about the interactions among these components. In the present study, the persistence behavior of the plant activator acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) in the rhizosphere of tomato plants and its root uptake as well as systemic translocation ability in aboveground parts after combined use with certain Bacillus PGPR strains (B. amyloliquefaciens IN937a, B. pumilus SE34, B. subtilis FZB24 and GB03) were investigated. Additionally, the population dynamics of the PGPR strain B. subtilis GB03 at the tomato root system and rhizosphere soil applied with or without the pesticide were studied. The results showed that the addition of PGPR inocula did not affect the dissipation rate of ASM in rhizosphere soil. Also, the formation of its major metabolite CGA 210007 in soil was rapid, since it was detected one hour after root drench and it was maintained at high levels during the sampling period without considerable variations among the bacterial treatments compared to the control. The uptake and systemic translocation of ASM and its metabolite CGA 210007 from root to shoot was rapid and maximum concentrations were observed at 48–96 h after its application. It was revealed that in plants treated with the PGPR strains B. subtilis GB03 and B. pumilus SE34 the uptake and systemic translocation of ASM and CGA 210007 in the aerial parts of the tomato plants was significantly higher compared to the control receiving no bacterial treatment. Also, the populations of the strain B. subtilis GB03 showed high colonizing ability in the root system and the rhizosphere soil. PGPR strains that lead to enhanced pesticide uptake by plants should be further evaluated as components in integrated management systems.