我国橡胶木长喙壳属分离物的研究

研究了橡胶木上长喙壳属66个分离物的形态特征。通过形态比较和鉴定,证实橡胶木上的长喙壳属菌分离物分属于甘薯长喙壳(Ceratocystis fim briata)和橡胶长喙壳(C.heveae)两种真菌,二者都能引起橡胶木变色。     

美国进口变色栎木上的长喙壳类真菌种类鉴定

经分离培养从美国进口变色栎木上获得5个长喙壳状分离菌株,通过形态学比较,鉴定为4个种,1个为常见种,另3个属我国的新记录种,即拟薄粘束长喙壳(Grosmannia leptographioides),念珠长喙壳(Ceratocystis moniliformis),异同长喙壳(C.variospora).而常见种甘薯长喙壳(C.fimbriata)是一种重要的木材变色菌.并对此4种的形态特征作了全面系统的描述.     

小蠹虫伴生长喙壳类真菌研究进展

小蠹虫与多种微生物具有密切的关系,其中小蠹虫与伴生真菌种间关系存在着相对稳定性和依赖性.在小蠹虫蛀干过程中,伴生真菌随蠹虫携带进入树木木质部和韧皮部,通过消耗寄主的养料,堵塞木质部筛管,破坏韧皮细胞,对寄主树木产生危害作用.在小蠹虫众多的伴生真菌里,尤以长喙壳类真菌(ophiostomatoid fungi)在小蠹虫种群建立、协同克服寄主抗性、引起树木病害等方面起到重要作用,带来直接和间接的经济损失.该文对小蠹虫与长喙壳类真菌伴生关系、长喙壳类真菌种类等做一综述.     

橡胶、松树木材变色菌研究及对其中之长喙壳属菌的特性研究

研究了从橡胶和松树变色木上分离到的长喙壳属(Ceratocystis sensu lato)和其他木材变色菌。证明引起这两种木材变色的主要真菌是Ceratocystisspp.,Ophostomaspp.,Lasiodiplodia theobromae和Sphaeropsissp.。进而研讨了其中之长喙壳属真菌的分类学和形态学特征,传播媒介,寄主范围,以及温度对长喙壳菌引起的木材变色速度、菌落生长、子囊壳的形成和对子囊孢子成熟的影响。     

木材变色和变色菌的研究现状

长喙壳属真菌不仅是引起木材变色的主要真菌，而且也是重要的植物病原菌。文中对木材变色的原因、木材变色对木材性质的影响、主要变色菌的种类、寄主范围、传播媒介等作了简述。     

木材变色病对木材工业的影响

由于木材变色已给木材工业带来较大的经济损失，因此，有效地保护木材，提高它的利用率就变得更加重要。本文对由长喙壳和其他真菌引起的木材变色，变色机理，为害，对木材性质的影响，以及我国主要木材变色病的研究进行了概述。     

球壳菌目真菌的系统聚类分析

经对安思沃斯真菌分类系统中球壳菌中所含各科之间的平均欧氏距离系数进行系统聚类分析，结果表明：长喙壳科等与其它各科之间的距离较大，关系较疏远，同归一目较为勉强。这与目前形态分类学方法存在的分歧相符。     

红脂大小蠹伴生菌研究进展

红脂大小蠹是我国重要的外来入侵害虫,给我国林业生产和国土生态安全带来巨大危害.包括红脂大小蠹在内的小蠹科昆虫与真菌之间存在着广泛的共生关系,伴生菌在协助昆虫建立种群、协同克服寄主抗性等方面起到重要作用.对北美原发地红脂大小蠹伴生菌的研究进行综述,以期探讨引起灾害发生的多重因素,并为灾害的控制提供思路.红脂大小蠹记载与10种长喙壳类真菌伴生,其中黑脂小蠹细帚霉、长梗细帚霉、温菲尔德细帚霉和瓦格纳长喙壳等与红脂大小蠹有着较为紧密的共生关系.对这些主要伴生菌的形态特征、系统发育关系、生活习性和致病性进行详细比较.应当警惕这些重要森林病原物对我国森林生态系统的入侵和危害.并对今后包括红脂大小蠹伴生菌在内的我国小蠹虫伴生菌的研究进行讨论.     

球壳菌目（Sphaeriales）真菌的系统聚类分析

经对安思沃斯（Ｇ．Ｃ．Ａｉｎｓｗｏｒｔｈ）真菌分类系统中球壳菌目（Ｓｐｈａｅｒｉａｌｅｓ）所含各科之间的平均欧氏距离系数（ＥＤＣＥｕｃｌｉｄｅａｎｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅｃｏｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ）进行系统聚类分析，结果表明：长喙壳科（Ｏｐｈｉｏｓｔｏｍａｔａｃｅａｅ）等与其它各科之间的距离较大，关系较疏远，同归一目较为勉强。这与目前形态分类学方法存在的分歧相符     

植物精油对木材变色菌的抑菌特性

采用培养基和木块2种介质研究14种植物精油对常见木材变色真菌(木霉菌、长喙壳菌、黑曲霉菌)的抑菌效力和作用浓度。结果表明:5%肉桂精油、5%俄勒冈香桃木精油以及10%壮丽冷杉木精油A同时对3种变色菌表现出较强的抑制活性,且随精油浓度的增加而增强。同时显示出这3种植物精油作为新型木材保护制剂的应用潜力和商业前景。     

Comparison of procedures to evaluate the pathogenicity of Ceratocystisfimbriata sensu lato isolates from Eucalyptus in South Africa

Ceratocystis fimbriata sensu lato (s.l.) is an important pathogen of Eucalyptus. Pathogenicity of isolates has typically been evaluated by inoculating seedlings under greenhouse conditions. It is, however, not clear how accurately this reflects pathogenicity under field conditions. In this study, five techniques to potentially screen C. fimbriata isolates for their relative pathogenicity to Eucalyptus were compared. These included: in vitro growth comparisons on artificial media; inoculations on apples; inoculation on Eucalyptus seedlings in a greenhouse; inoculations on Eucalyptus bolts freshly cut from stems of young trees; and field inoculations on young trees. Eight isolates of C. fimbriata s.l. collected from various areas in South Africa were used. There was considerable variation in growth in culture and aggressiveness of the eight isolates. Field inoculations on young trees were best correlated with inoculations of bolts (r = 0.76). Lower correlation coefficients were obtained with seedlings (r = 0.59), apple inoculations (r = 0.56), and in vitro colony growth (r = 0.42). Inoculation of bolts provides a rapid and reliable method to screen isolates of C. fimbriata s.l. for pathogenicity to Eucalyptus.     

Détection par piégeage du Ceratocystis fimbriata f. platani

Application of the technique of trapping Ceratocystis fimbriata f. platani for the study of the persistance in affected trees . The study of the persistance of Ceratocystis fimbriata f. platani in affected trees is achieved by trapping of the fungus which is carried out on small branches of London plane, stripped of their bark. If C. fimbriata is present in samples of wood to be tested, it becomes visible after a few days when numerous perithecia form on the trap. Trapping the fungus by this method has been systematically achieved with young, artificially inoculated trees: in many cases, C. fimbriata persists in the wood after a period of about 19 to 22 months.     

13C and 15N isotopic fractionation in trees, soils and fungi in a natural forest stand and a Norway spruce plantation

¹⁵N and ¹³C natural abundances of foliage, branches, trunks, litter, soil, fungal sporophores, mycorrhizas and mycelium were determined in two forest stands, a natural forest and a Norway spruce plantation, to obtain some insights into the role of the functional diversity of saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi in carbon and nitrogen cycles. Almost all saprotrophic fungi sporophores were enriched in ¹³C relative to their substrate. In contrast, they exhibited no or very little shift of δ¹⁵N. Judging from the amount of C discrimination, ectomycorrhizal fungi seem to acquire carbon from their host or from dead organic matter. Some ectomycorrhizal species seem able to acquire nitrogen from dead organic matter and could be able to transfer it to their host without nitrogen fractionation, while others supply their host with ¹⁵N-depleted nitrogen. Moreover ectomycorrhizal species displayed a significant N fractionation during sporophore differentiation, while saprotrophic fungi did not.     

中国桉树真菌病原汇录：2006-2013

本文对2006-2013年期间我国感病桉树或桉树木片上发现的21个真菌物种的分类地位、形态特征、菌落特点、寄主范围、分布地域和危害特点等进行了概述。介绍的对象包括桉树枝干斑点溃疡病原 Teratosphaeria zuluensis（祖鲁畸腔菌）;桉树叶部斑点溃疡病原Teratosphaeria destructans（破畸腔菌）,Mycosphaerella marksii（马克氏球腔菌）,M. crystallina（水晶球腔菌）,M. yunnanensis（云南球腔菌）;桉树顶梢及叶白枯萎病原 Quambalaria pitereka（彼特氏桉座孢）;桉树苗茎腐病原 Calonectria cerciana（桉树丽赤壳）,C. pauciramosa（常丽赤壳）,C. pseudoreteaudii（瑞丽赤壳）;桉树叶焦枯病原 C. crousiana（克儒斯氏丽赤壳）,C. fujianensis（福建丽赤壳）,C. pauciramosa（常丽赤壳）, C. pseudocolhounii（类柯氏丽赤壳）,C. pseudoreteaudii（瑞丽赤壳）;桉树木片腐烂病原Ophiostoma tsotsi（类栎长喙壳菌）;桉树枝干溃疡病原Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis（类古巴黄隐丛赤壳）,Fusicoccum fabicercianum（法比桉树壳梭孢）,Lasiodiplodia theobromae（柯柯豆毛色二孢）,L. pseudotheobromae（类柯柯豆毛色二孢）,Celoporthe guangdongensis（广东暗隐丛赤壳）,C. eucalypti（桉树暗隐丛赤壳）;桉树枝干枯萎病原Ceratocystis acaciivora（相思长喙壳）,C. chinaeucensis（中国桉树长喙壳）。     

中国3种松干锈菌在随机扩增DNA多态性水平上的遗传分化

用ＲＡＰＤ手段分析了我国３种松干锈菌Ｃｒｏｎａｒｔｉｕｍｒｉｂｉｃｏｌａ、Ｃ．ｆｌａｃｃｉｄｕｍ及Ｃ．ｑｕｅｒｃｕｕｍ在ＤＮＡ水平上的遗传分化。用５个随机引物从１０个菌株（含１个不同属参照菌株）中检测出５１个多态ＤＮＡ片段进行聚类分析,３种锈菌清晰地显示为不同类群,此结果为传统分类的成立提供了分子遗传学证据。３种锈菌中Ｃ．ｒｉｂｉｃｏｌａ和Ｃ．ｆｌａｃｉｄｕｍ的亲缘关系较近,这同由症状和冬孢子寄主反映出的相似关系一致。种内菌株间存在遗传差异,但其程度小于种间差异。锈孢子及冬孢子寄主都不同的Ｃ．ｆｌａｃｉｄｕｍ菌株间差异明显,可能反映着专化型分化的遗传学基础。不同松树寄主的Ｃ．ｑｕｅｒｃｕｕｍ菌株间也存在差异,暗示我国的Ｃ．ｑｕｅｒｃｕｕｍ同北美一样存在对松类的寄生专化性分化。研究结果还提示松干锈菌的遗传分化主要同寄主有关,而与地理分布关系不大。     

小蠹虫伴生菌研究概况

小蠹虫伴生菌是在植物-小蠹虫-伴生菌系统中,削弱树木抗性、协助小蠹虫侵害的重要因子。伴生菌与小蠹虫的联系和相互适应是在长期协同进化中形成的。寄主树木对伴生菌的抗御作用主要是通过物理防御、化学防御进行的。而伴生菌对寄主树的侵害又常常是与小蠹虫协同作用的。因此,揭示伴生菌在小蠹虫相互生态联系,探讨伴生菌在植物-小蠹虫-伴生菌系统中所扮演的角色,对于防治小蠹虫危害、保护寄主树木具有重要意义。     

Etude experimentale du transport de Pinoculum de Ceratocystis fimbriata f. platani par ľeau ?une riviere

Dissemination of Ceratocystis fimbriata f. platani inoculum by river water . C. fimbriata was detected up to 108 m downstream from pieces of diseased plane tree placed in a fixed site in a river in Southern France. Assessment of C. fimbriata was realized by a trapping method with healthy wood.     

华山松大小蠹共生真菌对寄主树木的影响

华山松大小蠹共生真菌（ Ｏｐｈｉｏｓｔｏｍａ ｓｐ ．和Ｌｅｐｔｏｇｒａｐｈｉｕ ｍ ｓｐ ．） 是克服寄主华山松树木抗性系统的先导和致死寄主树木的主要原因。华山松大小蠹共生真菌通过对寄主树木木质部树脂道泌脂细胞的分解和菌丝在寄主树木树脂道内的大量繁殖,堵塞寄主树木树脂道,使寄主华山松泌脂系统失去活性和抗性功能。同时,随共生真菌在寄主树木木质部内的发育,菌丝分解寄主木质部薄壁细胞,使寄主树木木质部物质代谢紊乱,导致寄主华山松迅速死亡