青年布尔山羊超数排卵效果初探

在非繁殖季节的七月,采用阴道栓+340 mg,FSH超数排卵,处理青年母羊7只,反应采胚7只,黄体平均数15.71±7.45个,卵泡平均数3.57±3.78个,平均采胚10.71±4.89枚,平均采可用胚8.86±6.36枚,可用胚率82.7%(62/75),胚胎回收率68.2%(75/110);在繁殖季节的八月下旬、九月、十月采用三种不同FSH剂量分别超排处理青年母羊57只、6只、5只分别取得了黄体均在30枚以上,采胚均数依次为18.07±8.33枚(n=56);26±8.10枚(n=6);22.6±12.80枚(n=5);平均采有效胚依次为18.04±8.32枚(n=56),25±6.36枚(n=6),18.6±12.22枚(n=5).可用胚率低次为99.8%(1010/1012)、96.2%(150/156)、82.3%(93/1 13),小剂量的FSH超排(200mg、320mg)与大剂量的FSH超排440mg)可用胚率差异高度显著(P＜0.01).     

春季波尔山羊胚胎移植的效果观察

春季应用CIDR FSH对9只波尔山羊进行了超排处理,在放栓的第11～14天,连续4天肌注FSH。结果9只发情,同期发情率为100%。配种后有8只采胚成功,共采可用胚116枚,只均14.5枚,81只受体用CIDR PG作同期发情处理,同期发情率为76.54%,其中52只受体奶山羊接受了所有可用胚胎,妊娠31只,妊娠率达59.62%(31/52)。     

用北方本地羊作受体的波尔山羊春季胚胎移植试验

2004年3月份对18只波尔山羊用炔诺酮阴道栓-FSH-氯前列烯醇法进行超数排卵处理,超排后发情18只(100%),平均采胚数16.22±8.42枚,平均可用胚数15.00±8.25枚。对212只甘肃天水本地山羊用炔诺酮阴道栓-FSH-氯前列烯醇法进行同期发情处理,同期发情率98.58%(209/212)。对159只受体进行手术,可移植受体比例为91.82%(146/159)。移植受体妊娠率为63.7%(93/146),其中妊娠中后期流产7只,妊娠到期86只,共产羔117只。     

影响波尔山羊超排效果的因素

对204只(次)波尔山羊采用C IDR+FSH+PG法超数排卵(以下简称超排),发情配种后第6天采用手术法从子宫角采胚,采胚成功率为92.16%(188/204),头均获胚(16.68±7.89)枚,其中头均获可用胚(14.11±8.37)枚,可用胚率84.66%(2 654/3 135)。对不同国家产FSH、不同剂量FSH、注射LRH+P4、不同季节、重复超排、左右侧卵巢等因素对波尔山羊超排效果的影响进行了研究。结果表明,以日本和国产(动物所)FSH超排效果为佳,头均获可用胚分别为(15.66±8.26)枚(n=89)和(15.39±6.91)枚(n=23);日本产FSH 14~16 mL组效果最佳,头均获可用胚(19.63±8.96)枚(n=19);注射LRH+P4组头均获可用胚(16.04±8.84)枚(n=80),极显著高于对照组(12.16±7.68)枚(n=62);春季、秋季、冬季超排头均获可用胚分别为(10.86±5.10)枚(n=7)、(11.30±8.29)枚(n=23)、(11.00±6.17)枚(n=10),差异不显著;重复超排(间隔12月)第1次头均获可用胚(15.08±5.12)枚(n=26),第2次头均获可且胚(16.92±8.32)枚(n=26)。     

用北方本地羊作受体的波尔山羊春季胚胎移植试验

2004年3月份对18只波尔山羊用炔诺酮阴道栓-FSH-氯前列烯醇法进行超数排卵处理,超排后发情18只(100%),平均采胚数16.22±8.42枚,平均可用胚数15.00±8.25枚.对212只甘肃天水本地山羊用炔诺酮阴道栓-FSH-氯前列烯醇法进行同期发情处理,同期发情率98.58%(209/212).对159只受体进行手术,可移植受体比例为91.82%(146/159).移植受体妊娠率为63.7%(93/146),其中妊娠中后期流产7只,妊娠到期86只,共产羔117只.     

波尔山羊超数排卵后卵巢上的卵泡对胚胎移植成功率影响初探

采用阴道栓+FSH对波尔山羊进行超数排卵研究,结果表明卵巢上有卵泡的7只供体,胚胎回收率为64.8%(68/105),有效胚率为98.5%(67/68),只均采有效胚数9.57枚±5.69枚,移植妊娠率为20.6%(7/34),流产率为28.6%(2/7),产羔率为9.0%(6/67),羔羊断奶成活率为83.3%(5/6);而卵巢上没有卵泡的15只供体,胚胎回收率为58.4%(250/428),有效胚率为98.8%(247/250),只均采有效胚数16.47±9.08,移植妊娠率为54.0%(68/126),流产率为14.7%(10/68),产羔率为30.4%(75/247),羔羊断奶成活率为86.7%(65/75),经t检验,移植妊娠率之间、产羔率(产羔数/有效胚数)之间、只均采有效胚数之间差异均高度显著(P＜0.01),其余各项指标之间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).     

提高萨福克羊超数排卵的效果研究

对 5 4只 (次 )萨福克羊采用CIDR +FSH +PG法进行超数排卵 (以下简称超排 ) ,发情配种后第 6天从子宫角采胚 ,只均获胚数和只均获可用胚数分别为 (6 89± 2 6 2 )枚 (372 / 5 4 )和 (6 0 7± 2 2 8)枚 (32 8/ 5 4 )。并对不同国家产FSH ,注射LRH -A3 +P4,重复超排 ,左、右侧卵巢等影响萨福克羊超排效果的因素进行研究 ,结果表明 ,以加拿大和日本FSH超排效果最好 ,只均获可用胚分别为 (9 2 0± 1 6 4 )枚 (n =10 )和 (7 75± 1 6 7)枚 (n =16 ) ;注射LRH -A3 +P4组只均获可用胚(7 2 5± 1 18)枚 (n =16 ) ,极显著高于对照组 (4 11± 1 38)枚 (n =9) ;重复超排 (间隔 12月 )第 2次超排只均获可用胚(9 19± 3 39)枚 (n =16 ) ,明显高于第一次只均获可用胚 (6 0 0± 3 2 7)枚 (n =16 ) ;左右侧卵巢对萨福克羊超排效果无显著差异。     

波尔山羊胚胎移植试验研究

22只波尔山羊供体用CIDR FSH PG 进行超排处理, 用手术法采胚,共获138枚可用胚, 头均获可用胚为6.27 ( 138/22) 枚,其中超排育成羊6只,只均回收可用胚5.50枚,经产母羊16只,只均回收可用胚6.57枚,经产羊平均回收胚胎总数高于育成羊;手术法移植78只受体羊,妊娠53只,妊娠率68.00%,产羔71只,其中产双胎的有18只受体,占妊娠总数的34.00%.     

圭山山羊胚胎移植试验

分别用进口ovagon和国产FSH对12只圭山山羊供体进行超数排卵处理，平均排卵数分别为(10.1±0.25)和(10.5±0.35)枚，平均回收可用胚数分别为(10.08±0.27)和(10.0±0.71)枚，经t检验，两者排卵数和回收可用胚数无显著差异；用CIDR同期发情处理51只圭山山羊，撒栓后72h发情46只，同期发情率为90％；移植受体39只，移植100d后妊娠率为66％。     

波尔山羊胚胎移植应用研究报告

2002年10～11月,分4批使用阴道栓 FSH对36只供体波尔山羊进行超数排卵处理.在放人阴道栓的第12～15d,连续4d递减量早晚肌注FSH.34只供体羊发情、配种、采胚(反应率94.44%,34/36),平均采胚18.03枚(613/34),其中可用胚平均15.65枚(532/34),可用胚率86.79%(532/613),将532枚7日龄可用胚移植给277只受体关中奶山羊,妊娠217只,妊娠率78.34%.妊娠受体羊共产羔257只,每只供体平均获羔羊7.56只,供体羊采胚后,平均45 d发情配种,有34只妊娠,产羔65只,平均产羔1.91只.胚胎移植羔羊性别、初生重、发病率和波尔山羊自繁羔羊无显著差异(P＞0.05).本次波尔山羊胚胎移植产生明显的经济效益,技术成熟,可推广应用.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -