玉米淀粉全流工作站

国内目前有玉米淀粉加工厂300余家，生产能力达250万t。由于分离设备普遍存在问题，而碟片式离心机造价高，运行及维修技术要求也高。为此，我们研制了适于中型玉米淀粉厂的高效节能型分离设备。该设备的核心元件旋流器采用全新的结构参数和工艺参数，旋流分离台不使用离心分离机，独立完成蛋白分离工作，仅经9级分离即可达到等级标准。另外还有2级浓缩以适应与前面较低的进料浓度和后面离心脱水工序的衔接，另设回级扫粉旋流器，使得黄浆中的跑粉低于碟片离心机和卧螺离心机。旋流分离台的设计完全基于国内的条件，原材料的供应，零部件的…     

水力絮凝池数值模拟及试验研究

根据絮凝反应对水力条件的要求,采用Fluent软件对水力絮凝池进行了数值模拟,根据模拟结果,对传统的絮凝池进行了改进,设计出了穿孔旋流网格絮凝池。并讨论了竖井断面形状和穿孔形状对絮凝池流场的影响,并对絮凝池进行相应的优化。最后通过连续流的模型试验,对穿孔旋流网格絮凝池进行了试验验证,确定了该模型的最佳停留时间。     

渗漏排水式跳远沙池设计

渗漏排水式跳远沙池关键结构为池底漏斗式斜坡面、渗水漏斗、渗漏水泥沙沉降池、渗漏水排水口及渗漏水排水道(上扬段与下行段)等,为跳远沙池设计渗漏排水结构,可以有效解决跳远沙池排水问题,完全避免沙池积水,而且方便维护,技术简单易行,经济实用,应用前景广阔,极具推广价值。     

惯性沉降分离室内三维定常气流流动数值计算

为了解气流在4ZTL-1800型割前摘脱稻（麦）联合收获机惯性沉降分离室内的运动规律，从流体力学和湍流理论出发，建立了气体运动微分方程式及k-ε湍流模型，并利用Fluent软件对惯性沉降分离室内三维定常气流进行了数值计算，得到了气体在惯性沉降分离室内的流动特征。根据其特征对分离室结构进行了改进设计，数值计算结果表明改进后惯性沉降分离室内的气流流场得到了改善。     

浅谈软弱地层的地下调蓄池优化设计

常规地下调蓄池传统做法皆采用基坑支护与调蓄池结构分离做法进行设计施工。但针对修建于软弱地层条件下的地下调蓄池，该种做法常常面临造价昂贵的支护工程在调蓄池主体结构完工后即失去作用，造成支护结构不能充分利用的，产生投资较大的弊端。因此，本文提出了调蓄池基坑与主体结构分离设计以及结合设计的两种方案，并从多方面比较分析，验证出结合设计方案易于实现及具有投资优势。从而得出基坑与主体结构结合设计的方案符合结构安全性及工程经济性要求的结论。     

全旋流分离工艺配置与级数的确定

以提高淀粉提取率和质量为目标，研究了全旋流分离的工艺排布、旋流管配置，确定了旋流器级数的理论计算方法。对于给定的物料情况和分离效果，淀粉提取率、质量与分离级数有关。通过合理选择分离级数，可确保一定的淀粉提取率和质量，将薯渣、汁液混合物中所带走的游离淀粉量控制在许可范围。最后确定了全旋流分离的工艺配置和级数。     

高含沙量黄河水滴灌泥沙分离系统研究

针对高含沙量黄河水不易用于滴灌的问题,应用旋流分离技术结合网式过滤技术对黄河水泥沙进行分离。根据黄河水的特征,利用Rietema公式进行理论计算,选取合适的旋流分离器。采用基于颗粒动力学理论的混合多相流模型与有限体积法对高浓度水沙空气三相三维流动进行模拟研究,分析内部流场,改进旋流器结构。实际应用结果表明：改进后旋流分离器与网式过滤器组成的多级泥沙分离系统能有效分离高含沙黄河水,而且耐用性强、易于维护,为滴灌系统稳定有效的工作提供保障。     

马铃薯淀粉全旋流分离系统计算机模拟

在对现有分离系统分析的基础上，根据近几年的生产实践及在实验台上测量的数据，利用数学应用软件Matlab中的SIMULATE功能模拟实际生产过程。通过对全旋流分离马铃薯淀粉过程的计算机模拟，可以在已知进料流量、淀粉浓度、进水量以及各级配置的情况下得出各级的分离情况以及整个系统分离状况，以达到预测的目的；可以指导全旋流分离系统的优化设计并为调试安装节省大量的人力和物力。     

基于滴灌的黄河水泥沙分离试验研究

针对农业滴灌中黄河水泥沙含量高的问题，根据黄河水泥沙的基本特征，应用旋流分离技术进行黄河水泥沙分离，并按照里特马(Rietema)关系式计算出旋流分离器的主要参数，根据布氏(Bredley)“平衡轨道理论”，验算了边界分离粒度dep。就黄河水泥沙含量、进口压力、底流口直径等要素对分离效果的影响，进行了实验研究。实验研究表明黄河水泥沙含量增加，溢流口浓度升高，澄清率降低，分离效果降低；进口压力的增大，溢流口浓度降低，底流口浓度增加，澄清率提高，分离效果提高；底流口直径减小，溢流口浓度稍有增加，底流口浓度急剧增加，澄清率略有降低，但有效分离量急剧下降，分离效果降低。     

牧草种子收获机分离装置结构设计

针对牧草种子收获机在沉降分离工序中存在的沉降分离效果差、沉降损失率较高等问题,以现有机具的沉降分离部件为基础,充分学习和借鉴了不同的沉降分离器结构和工作原理,结合整机的外形结构、自走式底盘的结构形式、空气动力学原理、物料释压空间和物料容重容积等主要因素,设计研究了一种新型的分离装置,试验验证表明,该装置实现了设计要求,功能达到了预期效果,有效地降低了牧草种子收获机的沉降损失率,为下一步优化改进奠定了良好基础。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。