福州海区裙带菜引进养殖试验

通过2010年裙带菜引进养殖试验,对裙带菜在南方养殖的环境条件以及养殖技术进行探索,比较了裙带菜不同养殖期的适宜水层和养殖结果,总结出裙带菜在福建省连江县筱埕镇官坞海域的养殖和管理等技术;提出防止当地海区褐篮子鱼咬食裙带菜幼苗的方法与措施。同时,得出裙带菜养殖效益优于海带的结论,为今后福建以及南方地区推广裙带菜养殖提供参考。     

南方海区刺参养殖关键技术研究

利用福建宁德市南方海区冬季水温高、适合刺参生长的自然条件,秋后引进北方大规格苗种,采用海区筏式吊笼养殖模式,在选择养殖场所、饵料种类及投喂量、苗种及运输方法、确定合理养殖密度、适宜温度、养殖周期、病害防治与日常养殖管理措施等方面进行了研究,首次提出了在人工投喂以海带为主的饵料基础上,“定期添加鱼糜、糠虾粉、麦麸、面粉混合物补充营养”的人工投喂饵料方法,周期缩短到100～110d,获得良好成效。     

坛紫菜养殖海区采苗时间的正确选择

坛紫菜(Porphyra haianensis)人工养殖可持续发展的制约因素诸多,如生态环境因子问题、苗种品质问题、养殖技术问题。同时,海区采壳孢子苗(下称海区采苗)时间的选定也是关键一环,它关系到采苗的成败和相关行业的兴衰,关系到病烂的发生与发展程度,是一个养殖过程中不容忽视的技术关键。笔者现就莆田市坛紫菜海区采苗的历史、现状及其过早采苗的危害,提出适宜的采苗时间,以期坛紫菜人工养殖的健康、持续发展。     

青蛤海区养殖技术

<正>青蛤[Cyclina sinensis(Gmelin)],俗称黑蛤、铁蛤、牛眼蛤,属瓣鳃纲,帘蛤科,为亚热带种类,其味道鲜美,营养丰富,市场需求量大,养殖前景广阔。为此,自2007年起,泉州市水产技术站与晋江东石源远水产研究推广中心合作对青蛤海区养殖进行了研究,现将其技术总结如下。1养殖条件1.1养殖场地的选择选择海水混浊度小,无三废污染,水质符合NY     

海水养殖与海区水环境的关系

<正>1慨述上世纪80年代后期,连江县的海水养殖主要以池塘养殖虾、蟹、贝为主,海区养殖贝、藻类为主的养殖摸式。进入90年代,随着科技信息的传播,养殖品种的不断更新和养殖模式的变更,该县的海     

海区筏式渔排海参藻贝生态养殖模式

2011年3月开始,在山东青岛市城阳区水产技术推广站及中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所等单位的指导下,青岛康诺农牧海产品有限公司、青岛顺天德水产养殖公司分别在胶州湾开展了海域筏式渔排海参藻贝生态养殖模式试验,经过9个月的养殖初获成功。     

深水大流海区海带养殖新技术

目前,国外海带以自然增殖为主,人工养殖技术相对落后,仅靠渔民在增养殖区进行自然采摘。国内海带养殖区域主要分布在山东、辽宁、江苏、福建等沿海省域,养殖区域水深较浅,一般在15 m以内,筏架长45～60 m之间,行距3.5 m左右。这样的养殖方式生产出的海带,大部分用于鲜嫩海带的加工和饲料剂,满足不了人们对高质量海带的需要。     

基于自然海区的贝类净化模式试验

由于贝类移动性差,生活地区相对固定,经常会受到生活和工业污水等的侵袭而易被污染。双壳纲经济贝类属滤食性动物,在滤食饵料生物的同时,也会将水中的化学污染物、细菌、病毒等吸人体内,且它们的外套膜能直接吸收水环境中的有害物质,富集能力极强。人们食用贝类通常又是以生吃或半生熟吃为主,且不去内脏,因此极易发生食用后中毒的现象。按国际标准衡量,我国在贝类生产、海区划分、卫生监控和立法、各种经济贝类净化和净化设备等方面还有许多工作要做,而选择水质优良的养殖海区开展基于自然生态的低成本贝类净化,就是一个尝试。本研究在不同季节和不同规模上进行了贝类净化试验,现总结如下：     

水深流大海区海带养殖经验的初步调查

毛主席教导我们说：“无产阶级文化大革命是使我国社会生产力发展的一个强大的推动力。”水深流大海区养殖海带就是在史无前例的无产阶级文化大革命中群众创造的，同时又在批林批孔运动中不断巩固和发展起来的一项新生事物，现已在山东北岸较普遍推广。因此，近几年来该地区的单产不断提高，海带产量大幅度上升，为国家创造了大量的财富。     

斑玉螺海区养殖技术

斑玉螺,闽南地区俗称花螺,为肉食性贝类,主要捕食软体双壳类,是滩涂贝类养殖常见的敌害种类。笔者在晋江市东石贝类养殖场开展斑玉螺海区围网人工养殖试验,取得较为成功的效果。现将养殖技术总结如下,以供参考。一、海区选择选择滩面平坦、潮流畅通、退潮后有泉水渗透的     

The use of a geographical information system for land-based aquaculture planning

Site selection for aquaculture planning is a complex task involving the identification of areas that are economically, socially and environmentally suitable, available to aquaculture and commercially practicable. This paper reports upon a study into the use of a geographic information system (GIS) to assist in aquaculture planning. Using a case study in the site selection for land‐based shrimp farming within the Australian coastal zone, we demonstrate that a GIS has potential to assist aquaculture planning. Our analysis is based on a sequential, two‐stage approach. The first stage eliminates the grossly unsuitable portion of the study area through a preselection with low resolution, cheap and easily available data. The second stage then focuses on and ranks the remaining area using high resolution, possibly more expensive data. Finally, we use the GIS to present the results of the analysis in an easily accessible form.     

大港湾贝类养殖容量的评价

应用统计分析法估算了大港湾贝类的适宜养殖面积,同时采用Tait模式和营养动态模式估算贝类自然生产力,根据调查潮间带非养殖区底栖软体动物、吊养区非养殖滤食性附着动物及浅海底栖软体动物的现存量计算贝类可养殖量,估算结果适养面积为346．67hm^2,贝类自然年生产力为31024t和29829t,海区滤食性软体动物现存量7731t,养殖容量为23293t和22098t。1996年后的实际养殖面积和养殖量已超过了估算的适养面积和养殖容量。     

利用盐碱地地下水养殖中国对虾试验

1999年在胶州市李格庄镇低洼盐碱地原淡水养鱼池塘改建中国对虾养殖池塘,在池塘边上打井提供养殖用水,井水盐度一般在10－12左右;虾苗在水泥池淡化7天使盐度降为15,经暂养后陆续分至养殖池,暂养成活率76．11％;养成阶段主要使用配合饵料,添加抗病药物;前期以添加水为主,养殖中后期少量换水,平均日换水量不超过5％,并定期使用水质净化剂。结果5个养殖池对虾平均亩产90．83kg。     

River pen culture of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) in southern Vietnam

A technical and socio‐economic survey conducted in the Dong Thap province of Vietnam to assess the current status of river pen culture of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) showed that pen culture, which has been developed and operated by farmers' indigenous knowledge, requires more study in order to optimize stocking density and to assess its environmental impacts. In this study, the prawn pens were of rectangular shape, with an average size of 209 m². Prawns were stocked in June at an average density of 62 pieces m^?2 and fed on farm‐made feed and were harvested 2–4 times starting from 4 months after stocking until late December or the following January. The average prawn yield was 0.52 kg m^?2 year^?1, ranging from 0.14 to 1.6 kg m^?2 year^?1. The average net return was US$0.71 m^?2 year^?1, ranging from US$1.24 to 4.37 m^?2 year^?1. About 73% of the farmers achieved positive net returns. The top five constraints for prawn pen culture were lack of knowledge of culture technologies, poor water quality, disease problems, poor quality of wild seed and lack of capital. Almost all farmers have no environmental awareness, and environmental regulations for prawn pen culture have not been established. Field measurements showed that all measured water quality parameters were within the range for good growth of giant freshwater prawns, and indicated that there was no significant accumulation of nutrients and organic matter at the bottoms of rivers or canals.     

中国近海海藻养殖及碳汇强度估算

海藻养殖是渔业碳汇的重要形式,碳汇生态功能显著。本实验以1999—2012年《中国渔业统计年鉴》统计数据为基础,对中国及浙江近海藻类养殖的产量、结构进行了分析,并对其固碳强度进行了估算。中国近海海藻养殖以海带、裙带菜、紫菜、江蓠等为主,期间年均总产量为141.87万t,各类海藻养殖产量所占比例分别为海带(60.29%)、裙带菜(7.92%)、紫菜(5.67%)、江蓠(5.39%)。浙江近海海藻养殖以紫菜、海带、羊栖菜、苔菜等为主,各类海藻养殖产量所占比例分别为紫菜(51.83%)、海带(27.73%)、羊栖菜(12.72%)、苔菜(1.27%)。浙江近海海藻养殖总产量占全国总产量的份额不高(2.55%),但养殖结构独特,部分种类的海藻养殖产量在全国同种类海藻养殖量中占有较高份额,其中苔菜占83.00%,羊栖菜占68.29%,紫菜占23.53%。1999—2012年,全国海藻年均固碳量为41.85万t/a,固碳量在2012年最高达51.50万t,整体呈现上升趋势。其中,海带年均固碳量在各类海藻中最高达26.45万t/a,其次是裙带菜3.23万t/a、紫菜2.24万t/a、江蓠2.01万t/a。浙江近海养殖海藻年均固碳量为1.03万t/a,约占全国年均固碳量的2.47%。为满足低碳经济发展的需求,建议加强近海自然碳汇及其环境的保护和管理,大力发展以海水养殖为主体的碳汇渔业,开展碳汇渔业关键技术与产业示范工程研究及海洋生物碳汇功能与碳汇渔业潜力的基础科学研究。     

沙蚕暂养技术研究

为提高沙蚕暂养成活率,在恒温库塑料盘内进行了暂养试验,密度３．５￣７．０ｋｇ／ｍ＾２,水温１２￣１５℃,盐度３０左右。暂养与运输成活率均达９０％以上,每吨新增产值４万元,新增纯益１．３３万元。专家鉴定认为,本研究达到国内领先水平。     

影响池养鳜健康的关键水生态因子

池塘生态系统是一个动态、多因素、非典型的复杂系统,用单因素统计法难以研究池塘养殖中的生态问题.在16口鳜养殖塘进行试验(总面积为4.7 hm2),每两周采样一次,获取鳜健康指标和pH、铵氮、硝酸盐氮、二氧化碳、总碱度、镁和细菌总数等17项水生态因子的87组监测数据,并对数据进行数理统计,研究探讨用权重因子、偏回归平方和、F检验值和相关系数等统计量优化进入鳜健康模型的因子.在满足一定准确度条件下,优选出用pH、铵氮、硝酸盐氮、二氧化碳、总碱度、镁浓度和细菌总数等7项因子为自变量,利用回归技术,求出它们与鳜健康指标(y)的关系模型为的非线性模型,模型的预报准确率为92.4%.借助所得模型进一步推导出对鳜健康指标影响由大到小的因子是细菌总数、二氧化碳、pH、铵氮,他们的最佳取值范围依次为(13～27)×104 cfu·L-1、小于3 mL·L-1、7.5～8.0、0.5 mL·L-1.     

Towards sustainable freshwater prawn aquaculture – lessons from shrimp farming, with special reference to India

The annual increase in farmed freshwater prawn production in the world during the decade ending 2001 has been estimated as 29% and that during 1999–2001 as 48%, the production in 2001 being about 300 000 mt (all Macrobrachium species). Between 1999 and 2003 the annual increase in farmed Macrobrachium rosenbergii production in India was about 80%, production reaching 30 450 mt in 2002–2003. This log phase of production followed the rise and fall of shrimp farming in the country. Several shrimp farming ventures collapsed in the 1990s, owing to degraded environment and diseases, abetted by lack of awareness and inadequacy of information on the culture systems and their interactions with other human endeavours. This shrimp farming experience has made the aquafarmer and other stakeholders aware that while aquaculture has a high potential in ensuring food and nutritional security and livelihood, besides profit to the farmer and socio‐economic benefits to local communities, it is likely to slip from sustainable development pathways if adequate understanding, improved management practices, governmental policies and plans for implementation and regulation to ensure sustainability are not in place. The lessons learned from shrimp farming can help in steering the development of sustainable freshwater prawn aquaculture in India and elsewhere.     

团头鲂水库网箱养殖试验

在网箱中进行团头鲂（Megalobrama amblyocephala)鱼种,成鱼养殖,鱼种箱平均产量470kg,平均尾重81．5g,个体净增重12．19倍,平均饲料系数2．22,成鱼箱平均产量828.65kg,平均尾重435g,个体净增重7．53倍,平均饲料系数2．25。