猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5蛋白在疫苗上的应用研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)是影响养猪业发展的主要病原。GP5蛋白是PRRSV的主要糖蛋白,是中和抗体的主要靶标。因此,GP5蛋白的研究在PRRSV感染的诊断和新型基因工程疫苗的研发上具有重要意义。近年来,对于GP5蛋白的研究取得了重要的进展,本文就GP5蛋白的特性、功能和应用等方面进行综述。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5蛋白在昆虫细胞中的可溶性表达

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)GP5蛋白是该病毒基因工程亚单位疫苗研究的重要靶向抗原,基因变异较大,且难以高效表达。本研究通过比对美洲型PRRSV 3种基因亚型的代表性毒株GP5蛋白的氨基酸序列,选取其同源性较高的氨基酸序列组合为杂合GP5(xGP5m),并在其N端分别添加3种穿膜肽序列(TAT、ppTG20、MPG),克隆至杆状病毒表达载体pFastBac~(TM)Dual,构建获得4株重组杆状病毒,Western blot、间接免疫荧光试验和小鼠试验结果显示,TAT能明显提高GP5蛋白的可溶性表达水平,且能增强小鼠对GP5蛋白的免疫应答能力,为PRRSV亚单位疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

PRRSV GP5基因的原核表达及其免疫性分析

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的糖蛋白GP5含有中和表位,是检测用抗原和亚单位疫苗的首选蛋白。本研究将糖蛋白GP5基因截短后,克隆至表达载体pET-30a,转化大肠埃希菌,经IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE电泳显示重组蛋白以包涵体形式得到了表达,每升重组菌可纯化得到目的蛋白87.5mg。Western blot和间接酶联免疫吸附试验分析表明,该蛋白与PRRSV阳性血清具有良好免疫反应性。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒结构蛋白和非结构蛋白研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)主要引起以母猪流产、产死胎、弱胎、木乃伊胎以及仔猪呼吸困难、败血症为特征的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS),该病传播快、传染性强，是规模化养猪场常见的接触性传染病之一。PRRSV基因组编码GP2a、E、GP3、GP4、GP5、GP5a、M、N等8种结构蛋白和NSP1α、NSP1β、NSP2-NSP8、NSP9-NSP12等至少13种非结构蛋白。论文从三个角度对PRRSV结构蛋白和非结构蛋白进行综述，包括PRRSV感染宿主后结构蛋白和非结构蛋白发挥的作用、它们对宿主信号通路的影响和基于两类蛋白的检测方法，以期为进一步研究PRRSV的致病机制以及防治猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒病奠定理论基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒M基因研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)引起的猪的严重繁殖障碍和呼吸道疾病。PRRSV为动脉炎病毒属的不分节段的单股正链RNA病毒,含有8个开放阅读框(ORFs),其中ORF6编码的非糖基化膜蛋白(M)为其优势结构蛋白,是PRRSV中较保守的蛋白,具有良好的免疫原性,可作为疫苗候选基因研究和建立诊断方法。论文阐述了PRRSV M基因的研究进展,并对基于M基因工程疫苗和检测技术等进行综述。     

PRRSV GP5蛋白及猪IL-18基因共表达核酸疫苗免疫原性试验

本试验通过分子克隆技术分别构建了单独表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）GP5基因以及PRRSVGP5基因和猪IL-18基因共表达的重组核酸疫苗质粒（pEGFP—GP5和pEGFP—ILl8-GP5）,并进行仔猪免疫原性研究,对构建的PRRSV核酸疫苗所诱导的体液免疫和细胞免疫水平进行检测,进一步研究了PRRSV核酸疫苗免疫效果以及猪IL-18基因对PRRSV核酸疫苗免疫调节作用的影响。同时,调查了商业上应用不同类型的PRRSV疫苗诱导的免疫效果,并与核酸疫苗免疫效果进行比较。结果表明,IL-18作为免疫佐剂在疫苗免疫猪后诱导的病毒特异性细胞免疫反应方面具有很好的调节作用,共表达IL18-GP5蛋白能够明显的改善DNA疫苗的免疫效力,增强抗PRRSV的免疫保护。因此,DNA疫苗做为一种新一代疫苗可用于对抗高致病性PRRSV感染。     

PRRSV GP5蛋白在重组牛痘病毒中的表达与鉴定

为构建表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)GP5重组牛痘病毒,本研究通过RT-PCR获得PRRSV CH-1a株GP5蛋白基因,将其克隆至pMD18-T栽体.经测序鉴定正确后,将该片段作为目的基因亚克隆至转移质粒pSC11中,构建重组转移质粒(pSC11-GP5).将pSC11-GP5转染WR株牛痘病毒感染的TK-143细胞.与牛痘病毒进行同源重组.在舍有X-gal的琼脂培养基上进行蓝斑筛选,获得了含有PRRSV GP5基因的重组病毒(rWR-PRRSV-GP5).IFA及动物试验表明,重组病毒表达了PRRSV GP5蛋白,并在免疫小鼠体内诱生了较强的PRRSV抗体.实验表明,该重组病毒所表达的PRRSV GP5蛋白保持了良好的抗原性,为进一步研究PRRSVGP5蛋白免疫原性提供了基础数据,也为PRRS重组活载体疫苗的研究奠定了基础.     

PRRSV GP5基因RT-PCR扩增方法的建立

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的糖蛋白GP5含有中和表位,是检测用抗原和亚单位疫苗的首选蛋白。本实验参考GenBank发表的以及本实验室分离鉴定的PRRSV基因序列,在GP5的两端的保守区设计并合成了一对引物,建立了一种PRRSV的RT-PCR检测方法。该方法扩增高致病性PRRSV基因组时可获得603bp的片段,根据RT-PCR产物大小可将基因区分开来。通过大量临床病料的检测,并配合PCR产物测序验证,结果表明该方法简便、快速、特异,可以扩增出GP5基因,为进一步的PRRS疫苗的研究提供了重要的技术手段。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5、M蛋白基因的克隆及其基因疫苗构建

参照GenBank中猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)美洲型代表株VR2332 GP5和M蛋白基因序列,设计并合成2对引物,用RT-PCR方法分别扩增出PRRSV野毒株GP5和M蛋白基因603,525bp片段,并将其分别克隆到pMD18-T载体。测序正确后,将GP5和M蛋白基因分别克隆到真核表达载体pEGFP-C1上,成功构建基因疫苗表达载体pEGP5-C1和pEM-C1。小鼠免疫试验证实,这些基因疫苗质粒可以诱导小鼠产生特异性抗体,并在二免后1周开始检测到特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应。     

抗PRRSVGP5和M蛋白独特型抗体替代抗原诱导机体产生中和抗体的研究

制备猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)抗独特型抗体(Ab2),探讨Ab2替代抗原对机体免疫调节作用的研究。用纯化的PRRSV-GP5(GP5-Ab1)蛋白和抗PRRSV-M(M-Ab1)蛋白单抗免疫大白兔,当免疫血清琼扩效价达1:16以上,加强免疫后心脏采血分离血清,分别纯化兔抗PRRSV-GP5IgG(GP5-Ab2)和抗PRRSV-MIgG(M-Ab2)血清,分别用GP5-Ab2、M-Ab2以及GP5-Ab2与M-Ab2混合型三种分别免疫未免PRRS疫苗的小猪,同时设PRRS弱毒苗、灭活苗和空白组作对照,免疫后21d采集猪血清,间接ELISA检测免疫Ab2和PRRS疫苗的猪血清全为阳性,空白组仍然为阴性。经细胞中和试验证明免疫Ab2及PRRS疫苗的猪血清都具有中和抗体,说明Ab2在体内具有替代PRRSV的作用诱导机体产生具有中和效应的中和抗体,从而起到保护机体免受PRRSV的感染作用,为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病新型疫苗的研究提供了新的思路。     

A transgenic Marc-145 cell line of piggyBac transposon-derived targeting shRNA interference against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is now considered to be one of the most important diseases in countries with intensive swine industries. The two major membrane-associated proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), GP5 and M (encoded by ORF5 and ORF6 genes, respectively), are associated as disulfide-linked heterodimers (GP5/M) in the virus particle. In this study, we designed 5 of the small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting the GP5 and M gene of PRRSV respectively, and investigated their inhibition to the production of PRRSV. The highest activity displayed in shRNAs of the ORF6e sequence (nts 261-279), which the inhibition rate reached was 99.09%. The result suggests that RNAi technology might serve as a potential molecular strategy for PRRSV therapy. Furthermore, the transgenic Marc-145 cell line of piggyBac transposon-derived targeting shRNA interference against PRRS virus was established. It presented stable inhibition to the replication and amplification of PRRS. The work implied that shRNAs targeting the GP5 and M gene of PRRSV may be used as potential RNA vaccines in vivo, and supplied the screening methods of transformed pig embryonic fibroblast which are prerequisite for the disease-resistant transgenic pigs to PRRS.     

PRRSV分离株GP3蛋白ORF3基因克隆及序列分析

为研究宁夏地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)的流行规律,应用RT-PCR的方法从PRRSV分离株GP3蛋白中扩增出ORF3基因cDNA片段。结果显示,ORF3基因全长765 bp,编码254个氨基酸,与北美型毒株VR-2332的同源性达到85%以上,与欧洲型毒株LV的同源性低于60%,与国内近3年主要流行毒株JXA1、HEB1、HUB2亲缘性较近。对PRRSV分离株的亲水性分析表明,GP3蛋白的前57位氨基酸为疏水性信号肽序列;对PRRSV分离株GP3蛋白抗原表位分析表明,与国内外其他毒株抗原表位预测的结果基本一致,说明PRRSV分离株GP3蛋白具有与其他毒株相近的抗原特性。     

2016-2017年江西地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分子流行病学调查及ORF5基因变异分析

为了解近年来江西地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）分子流行病学和其遗传变异情况,本次调查于2016-2017年从江西省各地区规模化猪场采集453份疑似猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）的病料,采用RT-PCR方法对所有病料进行检测。结果发现,其中321份病料为PRRSV阳性,阳性率为70.86%,各地区的阳性率在19.15%~84.85%之间。挑选14份阳性样品测序后,经ORF5基因序列分析,江西地区各PRRSV毒株ORF5基因的核苷酸同源性为83%~100%,PRRSV流行毒株与参考毒株的同源性在59.9%~98.5%之间。基于ORF5基因的进化树分析表明,14个测序毒株均为美洲型毒株,其中有4株为基因亚型Ⅰ,即高致病性毒株（HP-PRRSV）;3株为基因亚型Ⅱ,即经典毒株;3株为基因亚型Ⅲ,即NADC30-like毒株;4株为新出现的基因亚型Ⅳ。氨基酸序列比对分析表明,基因亚型Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ毒株ORF5基因编码的GP5蛋白氨基酸在3个表位及2个重要的抗原相关区域存在较大变异,其中以NADC30毒株为代表的基因亚型Ⅲ毒株和以GD1404毒株为代表的基因亚型Ⅳ毒株均表现出独有的氨基酸变异,这些变异可能会影响GP5蛋白的免疫原性。本次调查结果表明,2016-2017年江西地区PRRSV流行出现了新形势,美洲型毒株出现了多基因亚型共同存在的局面,以高致病性毒株（HP-PRRSV）为主,NADC30-like毒株和新基因亚型等新毒株的比例较高,同时还存在经典毒株;持续实时监测PRRSV的毒株流行和变异情况,可为临床诊断、药物和疫苗开发及PRRS的科学防控提供依据。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5蛋白-重组犬1型腺病毒构建及在猪体内免疫特性

本试验根据猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)基因组GP5蛋白的免疫原性,将PRRSV河北分离株GP5基因的表达盒克隆到犬1型腺病毒的感染性基因组的复制非必需区内,转染MDCK细胞,获得了重组病毒,免疫新生仔猪,分别在免疫后0～12周采集血清,通过ELISA检测证明,猪体同时产生了针对犬1型腺病毒和PRRSVGP5的抗体.说明GP5-重组犬1型腺病毒具有作为蓝耳病疫苗的潜力.     

Genetic variation and phylogenetic analyses of the ORF5 gene of acute porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates

Swine herds in the US have experienced recent outbreaks of a severe form of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (designated acute or atypical PRRS) characterized by abortion and high mortality in pregnant sows. Most of the affected herds had been vaccinated with modified live-vaccines (MLVs) against PRRS. To explore the possible mechanism of the emergence of acute PRRS, the open reading frame 5 (ORF5) gene encoding the major envelope protein (GP5) of acute PRRSV isolates was characterized. The complete ORF5 gene of eight acute PRRSV isolates from herds experiencing acute PRRS outbreaks in Iowa and North Carolina was amplified and sequenced. Sequence analyses revealed that these acute PRRSV isolates shared 88-95% nucleotide and 88-96% amino acid sequence identities to each other, 87-97% nucleotide and 84-96% amino acid sequence identities with other North American PRRSV isolates and the MLVs. Most of the amino acid substitutions locate in the putative signal sequence and two short hypervariable regions at the amino terminus. The ORF5 gene sequence of the acute PRRSV isolate 98-37120-2 from a non-vaccinated swine herd in Iowa is very closely related to that of the RespPRRS MLV, with 97% nucleotide and 96% amino acid sequence identities. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all eight acute PRRSV isolates are clustered within the North American genotype. Several minor branches that are not associated with geographic origins were also identified within the North American genotype. One acute PRRSV isolate (98-37120-2) is clustered with the RespPRRS MLV and several Danish isolates that were confirmed to be derived from the RespPRRS MLV. The ORF5 gene sequences of other seven acute isolates are more related to those of several earlier PRRSV isolates and the PrimePac MLV than to that of the RespPRRS MLV. Our results showed that the acute PRRSV isolates analyzed in this study differed from each other in ORF5 genes, although they all clustered within the North American genotype. The data from this study do not fully support the hypothesis that the emergence of acute PRRS is due to reversion of MLVs to a pathogenic phenotype, as only one of the eight acute isolates was shown to be very closely related to the RespPRRS MLV.     

盐城市PRRS流行病学分析

用核酸分子检测及序列分析技术,对江苏盐城市蓝耳病分离株的GP5基因进行分子克隆、序列测定及同源性比较,依此绘制PRRS病毒GP5基因系统发生树,进而对该地区猪蓝耳病疫情进行分子流行病学分析。研究发现盐城分离株Yancheng1、2的GP5基因与国内Jiangxi1、HuB1、SD、LN-5核苷酸同源性分别为86.1%~97%,氨基酸同源性分别为86%~92%。Yancheng1、2核苷酸同源性为98%,氨基酸同源性为97%。Yancheng1、2与CH1-a遗传关系较近,同源性为97%、97.5%;与欧洲代表株LV核苷酸同源性为56%,氨基酸同源性为54%,表明Yancheng1、2属于美洲型;而与疫苗株BJ-4、RespPRRSMLV遗传关系稍远,核苷酸、氨基酸同源性分别为86.6%~88.1%,分属于不同的基因亚型。由此推测,在盐城市散发的猪蓝耳病并非外来,也不是疫苗株逃逸或毒力返强的结果,而是原有田间流行毒株发生了某种重要变异所致。     

PRRSV GP5蛋白和CSFV E2蛋白在杆状病毒囊膜表面的共展示及展示蛋白的免疫原性分析

本试验旨在构建以杆状病毒表面展示系统为基础的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征和猪瘟双价基因工程亚单位疫苗候选株.利用杆状病毒表面展示技术构建展示猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)GP5蛋白和猪瘟病毒(CSFV)E2蛋白的重组杆状病毒BacSC-Dual-ORF5-E2.该重组病毒带有His6标签,且胞质区域(CTD)和跨膜区域(TM)均来源于杆状病毒囊膜蛋白gp64的CTD和TM.对重组病毒进行western blot分析、激光共聚焦显微镜观察、免疫金电子显微镜检测、动物免疫试验以及淋巴细胞增殖试验.Western blot分析结果表明,重组杆状病毒中表达了重组GP5和E2蛋白;激光共聚焦显微镜检测表明,重组杆状病毒感染昆虫细胞Sf-9后在细胞膜上展示了重组GP5和E2蛋白;免疫金电子显微镜观察表明,重组GP5和E2蛋白展示在杆状病毒囊膜上;动物免疫试验表明,重组杆状病毒免疫小鼠后产生了抗PRRSV和抗CSFV的特异性抗体;淋巴细胞增殖试验表明,重组杆状病毒能诱发较强的细胞免疫应答.本试验成功构建表面展示PRRSV GP5蛋白和CSFV E2蛋白的重组杆状病毒,为下一步应用该重组杆状病毒作为双价亚单位疫苗预防PRRSV和CSFV的混合感染奠定基础.     

Suppression of immune responses in pigs by nonstructural protein 1 of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is characterized by a delayed and defective adaptive immune response. The viral nonstructural protein 1 (NSP1) of the PRRS virus (PRRSV) is able to suppress the type I interferon (IFN) response in vitro. In this study, recombinant adenoviruses (rAds) expressing NSP1 (rAd-NSP1), glycoprotein 5 (GP5) (rAd-GP5), and the NSP1-GP5 fusion protein (rAd-NSP1-GP5) were constructed, and the effect of NSP1 on immune responses was investigated in pigs. Pigs inoculated with rAd-NSP1 or rAd-NSP1-GP5 had significantly lower levels of IFN-γ and higher levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 than pigs inoculated with rAd-GP5, wild-type adenovirus, or cell culture medium alone. The antibody response to vaccination against classic swine fever virus (CSFV) was significantly decreased by inoculation of NSP1 7 d after CSFV vaccination in pigs. Thus, NSP1-mediated immune suppression may play an important role in PRRSV pathogenesis.     

Immune responses in pigs induced by recombinant canine adenovirus 2 expressing the glycoprotein 5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

To develop a new type vaccine for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) prevention by using canine adenovirus 2(CAV-2) as vector, the Glycoprotein 5(GP5) gene from PRRSV strain JL was amplified by RT-PCR, and the expression cassette of GP5 was constructed using the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) promoter and the simian virus 40 (SV40) early mRNA polyadenylation signal. The expression cassette of Glycoprotein 5 was cloned into the CAV-2 genome in which E3 region had been partly deleted, and the recombinant virus (CAV-2-GP5) was obtained by transfecting the recombinant CAV-2-GP5 genome into MDCK cells together with Lipofectamine™ 2000. Immunization trial in pigs with the recombinant virus CAV-2-GP5 showed that CAV-2-GP5 could stimulate a specific immune response to PRRSV. Immune response to the GP5 and PRRSV was confirmed by ELISA, neutralization test and lymphocyte proliferative responses, and western blotting confirmed expression of GP5 by the vector in cells. These results indicated that CAV-2 may serve as a vector for development of PRRSV vaccine in pigs, and the CAV-2-GP5 might be a candidate vaccine to be tested for preventing PRRSV infection.     

华中地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒临床流行毒株Nsp2和GP5氨基酸的遗传变异分析

为了解当前猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)流行毒株的遗传变异情况,本研究对2013-2014年间来源于中国华中地区湖北、河南和湖南3省20个猪场65份疑似PRRSV感染的临床样品开展病毒分离工作,通过RT-PCR及间接免疫荧光试验进行鉴定,结果显示成功分离到4株PRRSV。通过测序获得它们的部分Nsp2氨基酸序列,经比对分析,确定分离毒株皆为变异毒株,并且与JXA1、TJ等高致病性毒株有相同的遗传特点,在Nsp2区域有30个氨基酸的不连续缺失。本研究将从临床样品中测序获得的23株PRRSV的GP5氨基酸序列与GenBank公布的有代表性的毒株序列进行遗传进化分析,结果显示所有毒株均为美洲型毒株,其中21株与高致病性变异毒株(JXA1、TJ和HUN4)同源性较高,同时在主要中和位点和N-糖基化位点存在部分氨基酸突变,另外两株与疫苗毒株RespPRRS MLV同源性较高。本试验结果表明,当前高致病性PRRSV依然是优势毒株,其GP5氨基酸突变频繁,不同地区流行毒株存在一定的遗传差异。