A Comparative Study of the Preventive Use of Tilmicosin Phosphate (Pulmotil premix®) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Vaccination in a Pig Herd with Chronic Respiratory Disease

This study was conducted to compare the effects of a preventive in‐feed medication programme using tilmicosin (Pulmotil^® 200 premix, Elanco Animal Health) at 200 p.p.m. with those of a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh) vaccination programme (Stellamune^TM Mycoplasma, Pfizer Animal Health). A pig herd with chronic respiratory disease in which infection with Mh played an important role was selected, and a total of 204 piglets were randomly allocated to either the medication (P) or the vaccination (V) group. Pigs in the P group received medicated feed for 3 weeks after weaning (days 34–55), and for 2 weeks late in the nursery period (days 77–98). The piglets in the V group were vaccinated twice intramuscularly, at 4 and 22 days of age. The two groups were compared on the basis of average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion rate (FCR), additional curative medication days (CMD), overall mortality (major variables), a coughing index, pneumonia lesions, and serology against Mh, influenza H1N1 and influenza H3N2 viruses, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (minor variables). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed for ADG (555 g/day in P group; 567 g/day in V group), FCR (2.64 in P group; 2.41 in V group) and mortality rate (11% in P group; 7% in V group). The average number of additional curative medication days (CMD) per pig was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the P group (1.5) than in the V group (0.58). At slaughter age, the serological results and the prevalence of macroscopic lung lesions were comparable in the two groups (P > 0.05). With the exception of CMD, the preventive use of tilmicosin at this swine farm was found to confer similar beneficial effects to Mh vaccination.     

The relationship between infectious and non-infectious herd factors with pneumonia at slaughter and productive parameters in fattening pigs

This paper explores the relationship between infectious and non-infectious herd factors with the occurrence of pneumonia at slaughter and productive parameters in fattening pigs on 39 fattening herds. A questionnaire was used to obtain environmental and management factors (non-infectious factors). Blood samples and lungs were obtained from 35 pigs in each herd at slaughter. Serological testing was performed for antibodies against three respiratory pathogens (infectious factors): porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh) and Aujeszky's disease Virus-gE protein (ADV-gE). Lung lesion classifications were catarrhal-purulent bronchopneumonia (CPBP), pleuropneumonia (PLP) and pleuritis. A mean lesion value (MLV) was calculated for each lesion. ANOVA and logistic regression assessed statistical associations among MLV, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (dependent variables) with infectious and non-infectious factors (independent variables). Mh vaccination was associated with a significant decrease in CPBP; high Mh seroprevalences was associated with an increased level of CPBP. FCR was negatively related with high seroprevalences for ADV-gE and Mh. No significant associations were seen for ADG.     

Comparative growth performance of pigs immunised with a gonadotrophin releasing factor vaccine with surgically castrated pigs and entire boars raised under conventionally managed conditions

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of using a gonadotrophin releasing factor (GnRF) vaccine on growth performance of male pigs. Vaccinated pigs were compared with surgically castrated pigs and entire males under conventionally managed farm conditions. Male pigs were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: pigs surgically castrated during the first week of life (group "C", n=274), pigs immunised twice during the fattening period with a GnRF vaccine, the first when 13-14 weeks of age and the second when 20-21 weeks of age (group "V" n=280) and entire males (group "E", n=56). Average daily weight gain (ADG) was measured during the study. Additionally, feed conversion ratio (FCR) as defined by feed intake/weight gain and feed consumption was assessed during the fattening period. No difference in the ADG during the fattening period could be determined between "C" and "V". From the start of the study until slaughter at study day 160/173 the ADG in group "E" was lower (625 g/day; P) than in group "C" (681 g/day; P < 0.001) and group "V" (675 g/day; P < 0.01). The FCR during the fattening period until study day 160, three days before the first batch of pigs were slaughtered at 24-25 weeks of age, was higher in group"C" (2.72 kg feed intake/kg weight gain) compared with group "V" (2.44 kg feed intake/kg weight gain; P < 0.001) and group "E" (2.44 kg feed intake/kg weight gain; P <0.01). Pigs in group "V" performed similarly to those in group "E" until the second vaccination (day 135) after which time they showed a substantial increase in feed intake and ADG, while retaining an FCR advantage over group C.     

Clinical evaluation of intradermal vaccination against porcine enzootic pneumonia (Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of single-dose intradermal vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on a commercial swine unit. A total of 1051 healthy suckling piglets of 28±3 days of age were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: (a) intradermal: 346 piglets vaccinated intradermally (Porcilis M Hyo ID Once, Intervet SPAH), (b) intramuscular : 351 piglets vaccinated intramuscularly (Porcilis M1 Intervet SPAH) and (c) controls: 354 piglets injected with a placebo (adjuvant only). Performance parameters such as average daily weight gain (ADG), as well as health parameters and lung lesion scores were monitored from four weeks of age until slaughter. The improvement in ADG over the controls, during the finishing phase, was 27 g/day for the intradermal group and 17 g/day for the intramuscular group. Both intradermal and intramuscular vaccinations were effective in reducing clinical signs and lung lesions caused by M hyopneumoniae. Compared with the controls, approximately 10.4 per cent fewer clinical cases were diagnosed in the intradermal group, and 6 per cent fewer in the intramuscular group, during the finishing period. In conclusion, performance results were better in the vaccinated groups than in the control group, while intradermal vaccination afforded greater protection than intramuscular vaccination, especially with regard to morbidity, lung lesion and pleuritis scores.     

饲喂方式和饲养温度对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验采用2×2因子设计研究不同的畜舍饲养环境温度和饲喂方式对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响。选用21日龄杜×长×大断奶仔猪240头,随机分配到4个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10头猪。畜舍饲养温度处理的2个水平分别为28~30℃高温组和23~25℃低温组;饲喂方式处理的2个水平分别为自由采食组和定时饲喂组。结果表明:高温组(28~30℃)仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和饲料增重比都极显著高于低温组(23~25℃)(P<0.01)。高温组的腹泻率显著低于低温组(P<0.05)。无论在高温还是低温饲养条件下,定时饲喂组与自由采食组相比仔猪的ADG、ADFI、FCR和腹泻率都无显著差异;饲养温度和饲喂方式之间无互作效应。     

色氨酸对5～10周龄扬州鹅生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

选用270只21日龄的扬州公鹅,随机分成6组,每组3个重复,每个重复15只鹅。采用2×3二因子试验设计,采用两种饲喂方式(自由采食和90%限制饲喂,限制饲喂组鹅饲料供给量为前一天自由采食组饲料消耗量的90%)和低、中、高3个色氨酸(Trp)水平(含量分别为0.14%,0.22%和0.30%),分别对3个不同生长阶段的生长性能和屠宰性能指标进行测定。结果表明,在28～42日龄,与低、高Trp组相比,中Trp组扬州鹅平均日采食量和平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),饲喂方式和Trp水平对扬州鹅平均日采食量、平均日增重和饲料转化率有交互作用(P<0.05);在42～56日龄,自由采食组扬州鹅平均日采食量和饲料转化率极显著高于限制饲喂组(P<0.01),平均日增重显著高于限制饲喂组(P<0.05)。与低、高Trp组相比,中Trp组扬州鹅平均日采食量显著提高(P<0.05),Trp水平对平均日增重和饲料转化率无显著影响(P>0.05),饲喂方式和Trp水平对扬州鹅平均日采食量有交互作用(P<0.05);在56～70日龄,Trp水平对扬州鹅平均日采食量、平均日增重和饲料转化率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲喂方式和Trp水平对扬州鹅平均日增重和饲料转化率有交互作用(P<0.05);在28～70日龄,自由采食组扬州鹅平均日采食量和平均日增重极显著高于限制饲喂组(P<0.01)。与低、高Trp组相比,中Trp组扬州鹅平均日采食量和平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),而Trp水平对饲料转化率无显著影响(P>0.05),饲喂方式和Trp水平对扬州鹅平均日采食量和平均日增重有交互作用(P<0.05)。自由采食组扬州鹅全净膛率、胸肌率和腹脂率显著高于限制饲喂组(P<0.01),随着Trp水平的增加,扬州鹅胸肌率显著增加(P<0.01),而Trp水平对其他屠宰性能指标无显著影响(P>0.05),饲喂方式和Trp水平对扬州鹅腹脂率有交互作用(P<0.01)。由此可知,饲粮中Trp水平过低或过高均会对扬州鹅生长性能产生不利影响,并且这种不利的影响具有阶段性,因此日粮添加适当水平的Trp能够一定程度改善扬州鹅生长性能。     

添加优生素对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选用40日龄、平均体重相近且健康的72头断奶仔猪,随机分成3组,分别饲喂基础日粮、某企业断奶仔猪料(I)与基础日粮中添加0.015%优生素的试验日粮(Ⅱ)进行饲喂试验研究。结果表明:断奶仔猪早期日粮中添加优生素,仔猪的日增重比对照组提高10.8%(P<0.05),料肉比降低10.5%(P<0.05)。     

Effects of spray-dried animal plasma on the growth performance of weaned piglets—A review

Spray-dried animal plasma sourced from bovine, porcine or other animal origin is often used as a main feed ingredient in the diets of weanling piglets to improve growth performance. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of animal plasma in diets on the performance of piglets in the post-weaning period, with and/or without pathogenic challenge, by undertaking a meta-analysis. Data were extracted from peer-reviewed reports published in scientific journals. The average initial weight of the piglets was 5.8 kg and the average initial age 19 days (2–56 days). The average duration of feeding animal plasma was 40 days. Average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were found to be 22–28 g/day, 20–27 g/day and −0.28 to 0.06 g/g. Generally, diet supplemented with spray-dried bovine plasma (SDBP) improved the ADG of the piglets and spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) led to increases in the ADFI. For the first week post-weaning alone, as the dietary animal plasma percentage increased there was an increase in ADG and ADFI; similarly, the latter two measures increased as weaning age increased. The evidence suggests that mainly IgG present in animal plasma prevents the binding of pathogens to the gut wall and reduces the incidence of sub-clinical infection in the post-weaning stage. Animal plasma containing IgG appears to be a useful in-feed supplement for piglets in the post-weaning phase.     

Effect of sow vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on sow and piglet colonization and seroconversion, and pig lung lesions at slaughter

The objectives of the present study were to compare Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh) colonization and serologic status on Mh vaccinated and non-vaccinated sows and to assess the effect of sow vaccination on colonization and serologic status of their piglets at weaning as well as presence of enzootic pneumonia (EP) lung lesions at slaughter. Fifty sows (25 vaccinated and 25 unvaccinated) as well as five of their piglets were included in the study. Blood samples and nasal swabs from sows at 7 weeks pre-farrowing and 1 week post-farrowing and from piglets at 3-4 weeks of age were taken. Nasal swabs and sera were tested by a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) to detect Mh DNA and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test to detect antibodies to the pathogen, respectively. Finally, at 23 weeks of age, pigs were sent to the slaughter where the extension of EP-compatible gross lesions was assessed. Vaccination with two doses of Mh vaccine resulted in a significantly higher (p<0.05) percentage of seropositive sows than in the non-vaccinated group at 1 week post-farrowing. On the contrary, no statistical significant differences were found in the number of nasal nPCR positive sows among different treatments (p>0.05). At 3-4 weeks of age, a significantly higher percentage (p<0.001) of seropositive piglets came from vaccinated than from non-vaccinated sows. Although the number of Mh infected piglets coming from non-vaccinated sows was higher than the one from vaccinated sows, the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Overall, piglets from vaccinated sows had a significant lower (p<0.05) mean of EP-compatible lung lesions (1.83+/-2.8) than piglets from non-vaccinated sows (3.02+/-3.6). Under the conditions described in this study, sow vaccination did not affect sow or piglet colonization but increased the percentage of seropositive sows and piglets at weaning and reduced significantly the mean EP-compatible lung lesion scoring at slaughter.     

The effect of monensin against swine dysentery

The use of monensin sodium against naturally transmitted swine dysentery was evaluated in 4-week-old piglets, with an average weight of 8 kg, over a period of 112 days. Three treatments were compared using between two and four pens per treatment and 12 pigs per pen. Monensin was administered via the feed, either immediately post weaning to four pens of pigs (T1), or after 12 days (T2, two pens). The T1 group received monensin at the rate of 100 ppm (days 0-56), 50 ppm (days 57-84) and 25 ppm until the end of the trial. In the other group monensin was given at 100 ppm (days 12-84) and at 50 ppm (days 85-112). Unmedicated feed was given to two pens (T3). The continuous administration of monensin from weaning was effective in the control or prevention of swine dysentery. A significant (P less than 0.05) improvement, in comparison with the other two groups, was observed in terms of mortality, diarrhoea score, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). There was a reduction in mortality, diarrhoea score/days and an improvement in growth performance parameters in pigs treated with monensin after the disease had been established, with ADG and FCR values significantly (P less than 0.05) different compared with the untreated controls.     

微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官重及其胃肠道发育的影响

通过给苏淮断奶仔猪饲喂微生态制剂(植物乳杆菌为主)研究其对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官重及其胃肠道发育的影响,分析仔猪生长性能与器官重、小肠形态、肠道pH的相关性,探讨微生态制剂缓解仔猪断奶应激的可能机制。选取健康、胎次和体重相近[(9.34±0.33)kg]的144头28日龄苏淮断奶仔猪,随机分为对照组(基础日粮)、抗生素组(基础日粮+抗生素)、微生态制剂组(基础日粮+微生态制剂),每组6个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。预试期为3d,试验于32日龄开始,59日龄结束时屠宰采样。结果表明,与对照组相比,微生态制剂可显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P0.05),降低料重比(F/G)和腹泻率(P0.05);显著提高(P0.05)断奶仔猪脾脏相对重量;显著增加断奶仔猪十二指肠绒毛高度(P0.05),显著降低十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒隐比(P0.05),十二指肠、空肠、回肠隐窝深度有下降趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05);显著降低(P0.05)断奶仔猪盲肠、结肠pH。与抗生素组相比,微生态制剂组对各指标无显著影响(P0.05)。相关性分析显示,ADG增加与肝脏相对重量增加显著相关(P0.05);ADFI增加与十二指肠和脾脏相对重量、回肠绒隐比增加显著相关(P0.05),与结肠和盲肠pH、回肠隐窝深度降低显著相关(P0.05);F/G降低与结肠相对重量增加呈显著相关(P0.05);腹泻率下降与十二指肠相对重、脾脏相对重量、十二指肠和空肠绒隐比增加呈显著相关(P0.05)。由此看出,微生态制剂可通过增加器官重,改善肠道形态,降低胃肠道pH,提高断奶仔猪生长性能、降低腹泻率,缓解断奶应激对仔猪的影响,该微生态制剂具有替代抗生素的潜力。     

博落回提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为了研究博落回提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,试验选用28±2日龄、体重相近的长×大断奶仔猪160头,随机分为4处理组,分别饲喂给基础日粮（空白对照组）、基础日粮＋100 mg/kg金霉素（阳性对照组）、基础日粮＋0.45 mg/kg血根碱（血根碱组）和基础日粮＋0.675mg/kg博落回提取物（博落回提取物组）,试验期为30天,试验结束时测定各处理组的生长性能等指标。结果表明：与空白对照组相比,血根碱组仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重分别提高8.53%（P〈0.05）、11.93%（P〈0.05）,料肉比下降了3.18%（P〈0.05）,博落回提取物组仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重分别提高12.32%（P〈0.05）、17.26%（P〈0.05）,料肉比下降了4.5%（P〈0.05）。试验显示,血根碱和博落回提取物均能显著提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,有效缓解了断奶应激,表明博落回提取物作为植物源性抗生素替代产品在断奶仔猪日粮中有良好的应用效果。     

不同能量和蛋白质水平对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为了研究不同的能量和蛋白质水平对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻的影响,试验选用体重7.30kg左右的杜×长×大(23±2)日龄断奶健康仔猪288头,随机分为9个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复8头猪(公、母各半)。9组试验日粮为3个能量水(平13.60、14.02、14.43MJ/kg)×3个蛋白质水平(19.5%、20.5%、21.5%)。结果表明:仔猪平均日增重各组间差异显著(P<0.05),其中处理6组(蛋白20.5%,能量14.43MJ/kg)最高437g/d,处理7组(蛋白21.5%,能量13.60MJ/kg)为424g/d和处理9组(蛋白21.5%,能量14.43MJ/kg)为396g/d。9个处理组间耗料/增重比经统计分析差异显著(P<0.05),并以处理7组最低1.229,处理4组(蛋白20.5%,能量13.60MJ/kg)为1.233和处理6组1.260次之。因此,最适宜的能量蛋白水平组合是能量为14.43MJ/kg,蛋白质为20.5%,二者互作效应效果不显著。     

Evaluation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae inactivated vaccine in pigs under field conditions

An inactivated vaccine prepared from broth culture supernatant of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae with an aluminum adjuvant was evaluated in three herds (herd A: specific pathogen-free herd, herd B: high health status herd with no clinical signs of respiratory infection, herd C: low health status herd with serious epidemiological and economical problems). A total of 212 pigs from the three herds were divided into two groups. One group was injected twice with the vaccine at 4-week intervals and the other was a control group. No adverse reactions were noted following the vaccinations either systematically or locally in any of the vaccinated pigs from any of the herds. In herd A, the vaccination provided antibody response within 4 weeks after the second vaccination and antibody responses continued for more than 12 weeks. In herds B and C, the number of pigs with lung lesions, mean percentage of lung lesions, and the numbers of M. hyopneumoniae recovered from pigs at slaughter in the vaccinated group were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared to the control group. Furthermore, vaccination resulted in improved average daily weight gain (ADG), improved feed conversion ratio (FCR), and improved days to market weight in herd C, whereas no difference in growth performance was shown in herd B. It is suggested that the inactivated vaccine prepared from broth culture supernatant of M. hyopneumoniae is effective in reducing clinical signs and lung lesions. Also, vaccination resulted in improved growth performance in herds where clinical signs and economic losses were significant.     

A comparison of florfenicol and tilmicosin for the treatment of undifferentiated fever in feedlot calves in western Canada

A field trial was performed under commercial feedlot conditions in western Canada to compare the efficacy of florfenicol and tilmicosin for the treatment of undifferentiated fever (UF) in calves that received metaphylactic tilmicosin upon arrival at the feedlot. One thousand and eighty recently weaned, auction market derived, crossbred beef calves suffering from UF were allocated to one of 2 experimental groups as follows: florfenicol, which was intramuscular (i.m.) florfenicol administered at the rate of 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) at the time of allocation (Day 0) and again 48 h later, or tilmicosin, which was subcutaneous (s.c.) tilmicosin administered once at the rate of 10 mg/kg BW on day 0. Five hundred and forty-four animals were allocated to the florfenicol group and 536 animals were allocated to the tilmicosin group. The chronicity, wastage, overall mortality, and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) mortality rates were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the florfenicol group than in the tilmicosin group. There were no significant (P > or = 0.05) differences in first UF relapse, second UF relapse, hemophilosis mortality, or miscellaneous mortality rates between the florfenicol and tilmicosin groups. Average daily gain (ADG) from arrival at the feedlot to the time of implanting and ADG from allocation to the time of implanting were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the florfenicol group as compared with the tilmicosin group. There were no significant (P > or = 0.05) differences in arrival weight, allocation weight, implanting weight, or ADG from arrival to allocation between the experimental groups. In the economic analysis, there was an advantage of $18.83 CDN per animal in the florfenicol group. The results of this study indicate that florfenicol is superior to tilmicosin for the treatment of UF because of lower chronicity, wastage, overall mortality, and BRD mortality rates. However, interpretation of these observations must take into consideration the fact that these calves received meta-phylactic tilmicosin upon arrival at the feedlot, which is a standard, cost-effective, management procedure utilized by feedlots in western Canada.     

The interaction between enzyme supplementation and lactose level on the performance of weanling pigs fed barley based diets

A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was used to investigate the interaction between lactose level (170 vs. 275 g/kg) and enzyme supplementation (with or without Endo-1,3 (4)-β-glucanase) in barley based diets (250 g/kg) on piglet performance post weaning. Ninety six weaned piglets (24 days old, 6.5 kg live weight) were blocked on the basis of live weight and were assigned to one of 4 dietary treatments (n = 6) for 21 days. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) between lactose level and β-glucanase supplementation on average daily gain (ADG), food conversion ratio (FCR) and apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD) and nitrogen (N). Pigs offered 170 g/kg lactose and β-glucanase supplementation had an improved FCR and ADG compared to the 170 g/kg lactose and unsupplemented barley. However, β-glucanase supplementation at 275 g/kg lactose had no effect on FCR and ADG compared to the 275 g/kg lactose and untreated barley. Pigs offered the diet containing the low level of lactose and β-glucanase supplementation increased (P < 0.05) DMD, OMD and N digestibility compared to the β-glucanase supplemented high lactose diet. However, there was no effect of lactose level in the unsupplemented diets. In conclusion, the inclusion of β-glucanase at the 170 g/kg lactose level improved ADG, FCR and diet digestibility. β-glucanase had a negative effect on FCR and ADG at the 275 g/kg lactose level.     

不同能量水平对羊生产性能及激素水平的影响

选用山羊和绵羊各21只,研究能量水平对羊采食量(DMI)、日增重(ADG)、饲料转化率(FCR)、胰岛素、生长激素和孕酮浓度的影响。结果表明:绵羊的DMI显著大于山羊的(P<0．05),低能量水平下,绵羊的DMI显著大于山羊的(P<0．05)。绵羊的ADG显著高于山羊的(P<0．05),高能量水平下两种羊的ADG显著高于低能量水平的(P <0．05),FCR在绵羊与山羊之间、不同能量水平之间及互作之间都不显著(P>0．05)。试验前期山羊血清胰岛素水平显著大于绵羊的(P<0．05),在低能量水平下,山羊的血清胰岛素浓度显著高于绵羊的(P<0．05)。试验前期山羊的孕酮水平显著高于绵羊的(P<0．05),高能量水平下的孕酮极显著地高于中、低能量水平下的孕酮(P<0．01),中等能量水平下,山羊的孕酮浓度显著高于绵羊的(P<0．05)。     

蛋白酶解物对早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜形态和生长性能的影响

本文旨在研究自制蛋白酶解物对早期断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。选用40头健康杜×长×大三元杂交商品仔猪(约3.5 kg/头),随机分为5个处理组(1个对照组,4个试验组),每个处理组设4个重复,每重复2头。对照组添加1.5%血浆蛋白粉,试验1~4组分别添加2%玉米蛋白粉酶解物(HCPP)、豆粕酶解物(HSM)、鱼粉酶解物(HFM)和酵母酶解物(HY)。仔猪14日龄断奶,预试期2 d,正试期14 d。试验测定了早期断奶仔猪生长性能和肠黏膜形态。结果表明:日粮中添加2%酵母酶解物通过保护小肠黏膜的正常形态结构,能有效地提高早期断奶仔猪平均日增重(24.64%,P<0.05)和日采食量(7.80%),并改善饲料转化率(13.68%)。     

Effect of Supplementary Feeding Milk Replacer on Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestibility,Serum Biochemistry Indexes in Piglets during Lactation

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementary feeding milk replacer on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,serum biochemistry indexes in piglets during lactation,and explore the feasibility of shorten the weaning age of piglets by feeding milk replacer. One hundred and twenty (twelve litters) 5 days old piglets with average body weight of (3.12±0.63)kg were assigned into two groups with sixty piglets per group (six litters)and one litter of piglets per replicate. The piglets in control group received supplementary creep feed and were weaned on 28 days old,whereas the piglets in experimental group received supplementary creep feed and milk replacer (creep feed:milk replacer=1:1) and were weaned on 21 days old. The piglets in experimental group were continued feeding with creep feed and milk replacer until 28 days old. All piglets were fed with same diets from 28 to 70 days old. The results showed as follows:① Comparing with control group,the body weight of piglets in experimental group were not significantly changed at 5,21,28 and 70 days old (P>0.05),ADFI and F/G were extremely significantly or significantly increased during 5 to 21 days old,22 to 28 days old and 5 to 28 days old (P < 0.01;P < 0.05),while ADG was extremely significantly decreased during 22 to 28 days old compared with control group (P<0.01).② The digestibility of GE,DM,OM and EE of experimental group were significant higher than control group (P<0.05).③ All serum biochemistry indexes between the two groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). In conclusion,supplementary milk replacer feeding could increase the feed intake and dietary digestibility of weaned piglets. The age of wean could be forward to 21 days old according to the final body weight of weaned piglets when fed milk replacer supplementation.     

植物精油对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液指标及免疫能力的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加植物精油(PEO)对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液指标及免疫能力的影响。试验选用24头体重相近的"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪(30日龄),随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。各组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加50 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素制剂(CS组)及50(Ⅰ组)、100(Ⅱ组)和200 mg/kg PEO(Ⅲ组)的试验饲粮。预试期6 d,正试期14 d。结果表明:1)Ⅲ组断奶仔猪平均日增重(ADG)显著高于CS组(P0.05),且较Ⅰ、Ⅱ组有增加的趋势(P=0.05、P=0.06);Ⅲ组断奶仔猪料重比(F/G)较其他各组有所下降,但各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。2)Ⅰ组干物质(DM)消化率显著低于其他各组(P0.05),Ⅲ组粗蛋白质(CP)消化率较Ⅰ组有增加的趋势(P=0.07)。3)Ⅲ组红细胞计数显著高于CS组(P0.05);Ⅱ组平均血红蛋白浓度显著高于CS组(P0.05);Ⅲ组血清葡萄糖含量高于其他各组,但差异不显著(P0.05);Ⅲ组血清白蛋白含量显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。4)Ⅲ组血清免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)含量显著高于CS组和Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组血清免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加200 mg/kg PEO具有改善血液有效成分含量、提高机体免疫能力、增强断奶后仔猪健康、促生长的功效。因此,PEO在断奶仔猪上具有潜在的利用价值。