SGT1正调控橡胶树白粉菌在拟南芥上激活的抗病性

通过在拟南芥野生型Col-0和突变体sgt1b、eds1上接种橡胶树白粉菌Oidium heveae HN1106,分析了白粉菌细胞进入率、叶片发病症状、菌丝生长状态、细胞死亡和活性氧产生等表型。结果表明,与野生型Col-0相比,橡胶树白粉菌在拟南芥sgt1b上激发的早期抗病性、后期抗病性以及抗病反应部分降低,暗示着SGT1在稳定识别橡胶树白粉菌的抗性蛋白方面发挥着非常重要的作用。     

Regulatory role of SGT1 in early R gene-mediated plant defenses

Animal SGT1 is a component of Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligases that target regulatory proteins for degradation. Mutations in one (SGT1b) of two highly homologous Arabidopsis SGT1 genes disable early plant defenses conferred by multiple resistance (R) genes. Loss of SGT1b function in resistance is not compensated for by SGT1a. R genes differ in their requirements for SGT1b and a second resistance signaling gene, RAR1, that was previously implicated as an SGT1 interactor. Moreover, SGT1b and RAR1 contribute additively to RPP5-mediated pathogen recognition. These data imply both operationally distinct and cooperative functions of SGT1 and RAR1 in plant disease resistance.     

基于主成分分析法的玉米品种的抗病性评价

为了选育出高产抗性强的玉米（Zea mays L.）品种,对联合体玉米区试的10个品种进行5种病害的抗性鉴定,通过主成分分析法分析玉米主要农艺性状和病害抗性的关系。结果表明,10个品种对茎基腐病和穗腐病的抗性总体都强,对丝黑穗病和矮花叶病的抗性总体都弱;主成分分析综合排名第一的太育184对茎基腐病为高抗,对穗腐病为抗性,对大斑病为中抗,综合抗病性好;综合排名第二的RF1915的玉米产量最高。在玉米选育时要综合考量,选育出适合地域种植的最佳玉米品种。     

Structure and function of an essential component of the outer membrane protein assembly machine

Integral beta-barrel proteins are found in the outer membranes of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and Gram-negative bacteria. The machine that assembles these proteins contains an integral membrane protein, called YaeT in Escherichia coli, which has one or more polypeptide transport-associated (POTRA) domains. The crystal structure of a periplasmic fragment of YaeT reveals the POTRA domain fold and suggests a model for how POTRA domains can bind different peptide sequences, as required for a machine that handles numerous beta-barrel protein precursors. Analysis of POTRA domain deletions shows which are essential and provides a view of the spatial organization of this assembly machine.     

SIR1, an upstream component in auxin signaling identified by chemical genetics

Auxin is a plant hormone that regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. We used a chemical genetics approach to identify SIR1, a regulator of many auxin-inducible genes. The sir1 mutant was resistant to sirtinol, a small molecule that activates many auxin-inducible genes and promotes auxin-related developmental phenotypes. SIR1 is predicted to encode a protein composed of a ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1-like domain and a Rhodanese-like domain homologous to that of prolyl isomerase. We suggest a molecular context for how the auxin signal is propagated to exert its biological effects.     

水稻OsBBR1基因的白叶枯病抗性研究

水稻Y73是疣粒野生稻和栽培稻‘大粒香’经不对称体细胞杂交产生的后代,它对水稻白叶枯病表现为高抗。Y73在接种白叶枯病菌株P10 (PXO124) 后,一个NBS-LRR类基因的表达量显著上调。为了研究该基因的水稻白叶枯病抗性,采用RT-PCR技术从Y73中克隆了该基因的CDS片段 (2 631 bp),将该基因命名为OsBBR1(Bacterial Blight Resistance-related gene 1),并且利用pCAMBIA1300双元载体分别构建了OsBBR1基因超表达及干涉载体,采用农杆菌介导的转基因方法获得了转基因水稻植株。接菌试验显示,抑制OsBBR1基因的表达,能减弱抗病材料Y73的抗性;而提高OsBBR1基因的表达水平,则能增强感病材料的耐病性。结果表明OsBBR1基因与水稻白叶枯病抗性直接相关。此外,OsBBR1基因亚细胞定位结果还显示,OsBBR1编码产物主要定位于水稻细胞膜和细胞核,表明该基因很可能与信号转导和下游基因转录密切相关。     

高产优质抗病大花生新品种——丰花1号

丰花1号是山东农业大学花生研究所育成的高产优质抗病大花生新品种,2001年通过山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定号为鲁农审字[2001]017号.     

海芋挥发性化学成分研究

采用GC/MS法对海芋挥发性化学成分进行研究,确认了28个化学成分.其中主要的化学成分为1,2-苯二甲酸双(2-异丁基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、3-(1',3'-β-环己二烯)-吲哚、5-十四碳烯-3-炔、2,3-二氢-苯骈呋喃等.用气相色谱面积归一法测定了各成分的相对百分含量,结果表明1,2-苯二甲酸双(2-异丁基)酯含量最高,占32.51％.     

Identification of Bphs,an autoimmune disease locus,as histamine receptor H1

Bphs controls Bordetella pertussis toxin (PTX)-induced vasoactive amine sensitization elicited by histamine (VAASH) and has an established role in autoimmunity. We report that congenic mapping links Bphs to the histamine H1 receptor gene (Hrh1/H1R) and that H1R differs at three amino acid residues in VAASH-susceptible and -resistant mice. Hrh1-/- mice are protected from VAASH, which can be restored by genetic complementation with a susceptible Bphs/Hrh1 allele, and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and autoimmune orchitis due to immune deviation. Thus, natural alleles of Hrh1 control both the autoimmune T cell and vascular responses regulated by histamine after PTX sensitization.     

优质抗病春结球白菜新品种——天正春白1号

天正春白1号是山东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所利用抗631×641A组配育成的优质抗病叠抱春结球白菜新品种.该品种不仅抗病、稳产,而且品质好、软叶率高,在山东省2000年春结球白菜区域试验中,品质、抗性、产量均明显高于韩国、日本的合抱类型品种.     

Eta-1 (osteopontin): an early component of type-1 (cell-mediated) immunity

Cell-mediated (type-1) immunity is necessary for immune protection against most intracellular pathogens and, when excessive, can mediate organ-specific autoimmune destruction. Mice deficient in Eta-1 (also called osteopontin) gene expression have severely impaired type-1 immunity to viral infection [herpes simplex virus-type 1 (KOS strain)] and bacterial infection (Listeria monocytogenes) and do not develop sarcoid-type granulomas. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma production is diminished, and IL-10 production is increased. A phosphorylation-dependent interaction between the amino-terminal portion of Eta-1 and its integrin receptor stimulated IL-12 expression, whereas a phosphorylation-independent interaction with CD44 inhibited IL-10 expression. These findings identify Eta-1 as a key cytokine that sets the stage for efficient type-1 immune responses through differential regulation of macrophage IL-12 and IL-10 cytokine expression.     

葡萄生产中的抗寒与抗病

内蒙古自治区的葡萄生产在进入20世纪90年代以来无论从生产规模还是品种结构上较以往都取得了长足的进步，但是由于自然条件的限制，如何提高抗寒与抗病始终是摆在我们面前的两大课题。针对上述情况，结合本区的一些葡萄品种做了比较与分析，并提出了一些意见与建议。     

早熟抗病辣椒新品种娄辣椒一号的选育

娄辣椒一号（原名冷江一号辣椒）系经多年单株定向能而成的早熟、抗病、优质辣椒新品种。该品种早熟，生长势强，株型紧凑，分枝力强，门椒着生节位低，果实长牛角形，果皮光滑深绿色，果实尖端有小钩，辣味适中，商品性好，田间抗逆性强，适应性广，已在湖南、江西、贵州、广西、云南、河南、甘肃等地种植，推广面积达800hm^2。     

中间偃麦草RAR1基因的分离及其在小麦背景中的功能分析

 【目的】RAR1是大麦抗白粉病基因和多种植物抗病（resistance, R）基因介导的抗病信号途径中的重要信号元件。为明确RAR1在小麦抗白粉病反应中的作用，为小麦广谱抗病分子育种提供基因资源，开展了本研究。【方法】采用生物信息学技术、RT-PCR和RACE方法分离克隆中间偃麦草RAR1基因，通过酶切和连接构建该基因的单子叶高效表达载体，采用基因枪法转化小麦，对转基因小麦植株进行分子检测、表达分析和抗病鉴定。【结果】分离克隆出中间偃麦草RAR1基因，其编码蛋白具有典型的RAR1功能结构域；构建了中间偃麦草RAR1基因的单子叶高效表达载体pUBI∷RAR1；用基因枪法轰击小麦推广品种扬麦12幼胚愈伤组织1 545个，获得152株再生植株，通过PCR检测出阳性植株18株，转化率为1.17%；对T1、T2代转基因材料进行PCR检测、RT-PCR分析和白粉病抗病鉴定，结果表明转入的RAR1基因能够在小麦背景中遗传，RAR1基因的超量表达可提高小麦对白粉病菌的抗性、拓宽小麦的抗病谱。【结论】分离出中间偃麦草RAR1基因，RAR1基因在小麦中超量表达可提高小麦对白粉病菌的抗性、拓宽其抗病谱，可以作为小麦白粉病广谱抗性分子育种的潜在的重要基因资源。     

Os WRKY80基因参与调控水稻抗病反应研究

为进一步了解OsWRKY80基因参与调控的抗病分子机理,对OsWRKY80增强表达转基因水稻和干涉转基因水稻进行稻瘟病抗性检测,Northern杂交分析OsWRKY80基因和PR基因(ZB8、PBZ1)稻瘟病接种0 h和24 h时的表达情况.结果表明:与干涉转基因水稻和未转基因对照相比,增强表达转基因水稻表现出对稻瘟病有较好的抗性.Northern杂交结果显示,在干涉转基因植株中内源OsWRKY80基因的诱导表达被抑制,转基因植株的抗病性与OsWRKY80基因的表达呈一定的正相关性.在干涉转基因植株中均未检测到ZB8和PBZ1的表达,稻瘟病诱导24 h时,未转基因植株和增强转基因植株中均能检测到ZB8、PBZ1诱导型表达,但在增强转基因植株中ZB8、PBZ1的诱导表达丰度要显著高于未转基因植株.这表明OsWRKY80基因可能作为正调控因子参与水稻防卫反应,PR基因的高水平诱导表达导致增强表达转基因植株对稻瘟病的抗性增强.     

广东汉人血管紧张素Ⅱ 1型受体基因A-C 1166多态性与原发性高血压、冠心病的关系

目的：了解血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1(AT1R)基因3’端非翻译区(3’—UTR)A—C 1166多态性在广东人群中的分布特点及其与该人群患原发性高血压(EH)和冠心病(CAD)的关系。方法：用PCR和限制性内切酶酶切技术分析了186例广东汉族大学生、68例EH患者和72例CAD患者AT。R基因A—C 1166多态性的基因型和等位基因频率。结果：该人群A—C1166基因多态性明显不同于白人，与中国北方汉人相似。健康组中没发现CC型纯合子，疾病组中仅1例EH患者和1例CAD的患者为CC基因型。C1166等位基因频率0．04，A 1166等位基因频率为0．96。疾病组与健康组之间差异无显著性。结论：AT1R基因A—C 1166多态性与广东汉族人患EH和CAD无关。     

过氧化物酶与植物抗病性研究进展

综述了过氧化物酶在植物抗病性方面的研究进展 ,认为病原物的侵染诱导导致植物过氧化物酶活性升高和过氧化物酶同工酶种类发生改变。这些高活性的过氧化物酶或特异性的同工酶 ,或由于催化合成了杀菌物质 ,或由于提高了木质素、木栓质的生物合成而形成物理屏障 ,或者由于参与乳突形成和颗粒状沉积物的积累 ,从而构成了植物的一般抗病性和非专化抗病性。各种过氧化物酶的专化性有所不同 ,它们在植物抗病性中的作用也不尽一样。导入过氧化物酶基因 ,构成组成型表达的转基因植物 ,不一定能有效地抵抗病原物的侵袭。     

Tay-Sachs disease: generalized absence of a beta-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase component

Two hexosaminidase components, separable by starch-gel electrophoresis and possessing both beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-D-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity, are present in human tissues. One of these, hexosaminidase component A, is absent in brain, liver, kidney, skin, cultured skin fibroblasts, blood plasma, and leukocytes from nine patients with Tay-Sachs disease. Hexosaminidase assay may facilitate the early diagnosis of individuals homozygous for Tay-Sachs disease.     

国外甘蔗育种生物技术研究进展

以细胞工程、基因转移、遗传工程为特征的生物技术作为生物学研究中的一种必备手段已经得到广泛运用。近年来,澳大利亚和美国等甘蔗种植大国已在基因文库构建,分子标记或基因定位,甘蔗病害分子诊断及转基因甘蔗方面取得了很大的进展。本文就四个方面加以简要介绍,以促进我国甘蔗抗病育种和病害诊断水平的提高。