Effect of flowering phenology,date of cone collection,cone-storage treatment and seed pretreatment on yield and germination of seeds from a Douglas-Fir seed orchard

The effects of reproductive phenology, date of cone harvest, cone storage and seed pretreatment on yield and germination of seeds from a Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] seed orchard were studied. Flowering phenology (early, intermediate or late) had no discernible effect on seed maturation. Higher germination and yields of filled seeds were obtained from cones collected in mid-August, approximately 2 weeks prior to cone opening, than from cones collected just as they began to open. Seeds extracted immediately following harvest germinated better than those from cones stored for 2 months. Seeds from all treatments were dormant and responded to prechilling by exhibiting increased germination rates. The implications of these findings for cone-crop management are discussed.     

不同温度、时间层积处理对刺五加种子发芽的影响

为了提高刺五加种子的发芽率,将两个不同产地的刺五加种子进行不同温度、时间的促进生理后熟和打破休眠的处理。结果表明,高温处理虽然能够促进种胚个体大小的发育,但不能打破种子的休眠,因此和低温处理一样发芽率为0。变温处理使胚长由最初的0.2mm伸长到3.1mm,发芽率达到12.0%。随促进生理后熟处理时间的延长,种子的胚长和发芽率均呈上升态势,处理160d的平均胚长(2.9mm)和发芽率(62.7%)达到了最高。打破休眠处理的时间以60d的平均发芽率为最高(27.1%)。     

种子不同保存方法及播种时间对水紫树发芽和幼苗生长的影响

以田间调查数据为基本资料,对极耐湿的水紫树种子进行沙藏和冷藏保存,分别于3月17日、4月1日播种,对其播种苗的发芽、幼苗生长进行统计分析。结果表明：冷藏保存的种子发芽慢,持续时间长,而沙藏保存的种子发芽相对较快,持续时间短,苗齐较冷藏处理早21 d。沙藏保存种子的幼苗高、地径的全年平均累计生长量极显著大于冷藏处理。3月17日播种的幼苗高、地径的全年平均累计生长量极显著大于4月1日播种幼苗的生长量。     

不同基质和覆盖处理对杜鹃种子萌芽及成苗的影响

为获得高效的杜鹃育苗方法,以杜鹃花‘紫鹤’和‘粉鹤’自交种子为试材,研究了不同基质和覆盖处理对杜鹃花种子萌发、成苗和实生苗形态建成的影响。研究结果表明:以未发酵的玉米秸秆粉末作为播种基质不能使杜鹃花种子发芽和形成实生苗;以园土与干苔藓混合物和园土与棉籽壳混合物作为播种基质仅有少量种子发芽,不利于实生苗的生长;以蛭石和蛭石与干苔藓混合物作为播种基质的杜鹃发芽率和成苗率分别可达到65.33%~81.33%和62.67%~78.67%,但不利于杜鹃花实生苗的形态建成;以草炭和草炭与干苔藓的混合物作为播种基质能显著促进杜鹃花种子的萌发和成苗形成,且杜鹃花实生苗生长发育健壮;覆盖处理则降低了杜鹃花种子的发芽率。     

不同处理对欧洲榛子种仁几种酶活性的影响

研究了在不同的PEG浓度、贮藏方法、激素处理对欧榛种仁可溶性蛋白含量、淀粉酶活性、保护酶活性的影响,结果表明:在实验条件下,可溶性蛋白含量随PEG浓度的增加而减少,CAT活性随PEG浓度的增加而提高;10%PEG 沙藏 NAA、10%PEG 沙藏 IBA、10%PEG 冷藏 IBA、10%PEG 沙藏 NAA、30%PEG 沙藏 2,4-D、10%PEG 沙藏 NAA分别是可溶性蛋白含量、α-淀粉酶活性、β-淀粉酶活性、SOD活性、CAT活性、POD活性的最佳处理组合.     

Effect of long-phase stratification treatments on seed germination in ash

• Introduction   

Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) seeds require warm treatment followed by cold treatment to release dormancy and this is most effective if carried out in a medium. The objective of this study was to determine if long periods of warm treatment would enhance germination at 15 (8-h light)/5°C (dark) and 15°C (same lighting conditions) in ash seeds of north-western European origin.     

Effect of collection date on capsule moisture content and germination of Populus ciliata Wall. ex Royle from central Himalaya

Seed maturity indices of Populus ciliata were investigated in collections from Sukhatal and Bhowali. Across both seed sources, mean capsule size varied from 68.0±1.5 mm² to 72.0±0.9 mm², while mean number of capsules/100 grams varied from 268±8 to 295±12. Mean weight of 100 capsules varied from 25.0±1.4 g to 27.0±1.4 g. Weight of 100 capsules among sources and individual trees differed significantly (P < 0.05), while number of capsules/100 grams and weight of 100 capsules was negatively correlated (r² = 0.69). As capsules matured moisture content decreased from 83.2±1.1% to 54.3±0.3% at Sukhatal and from 77.7±0.4% to 46.4±0.3% at Bhowali. The optimum germination was at 58–60% moisture content. Maturation was related to capsule colour changes as well as moisture content. These parameters were judged to be good indicators of when to collect P. ciliata seeds.     

Effects of seed water content and storage temperature on the germination parameters of white spruce, black spruce and lodgepole pine seed

The effect of seed water content (WC) (2–3, 5–6 and 22–25%, on a fresh weight basis), storage temperature (+4, −20, −80 and −196°C) and storage duration (6, 12, 24, 48 and 60 months) on the germination of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) seed was investigated. Germination of white spruce control (untreated) seeds and seeds adjusted to 2–3% and 5–6% WC declined after 48 months of storage at −80 and −196°C, with a further decline at 60 months at −20, −80, −196°C. Germination remained high when control white spruce seeds and seeds with 2–3, 5–6% WC were stored at +4°C, over all storage durations. Generally, black spruce and lodgepole pine exhibited high germination at all storage temperatures at 2–3% and 5–6% WC as well as the control (untreated) seed, for up to 60 months in storage. Germination declined for all three species when seed was conditioned to 22–25% WC. This loss in germination was partially recovered in white spruce seed stored at +4, −20 and −80°C after storage durations of 24, 12 and 48 months, respectively, and in black spruce seeds stored at −20 and −196°C after storage durations of 24 months. Mean germination time (MGT) was relatively constant for all species, under all conditions, except for seed conditioned to 22–25% WC, where MGT increased for white spruce seed stored 48 months at −80 and −196°C, and for black spruce seed stored 24 months at +4 and −80°C and 60 months at −196°C. These results show that the optimal storage temperatures are 4°C for white spruce, and 4, −20, −80, and −196°C for black spruce and lodgepole pine, and 2–6% water content is optimal for all 3 species at these temperatures.     

Effects of tallowtree seed coat on seed germination

We measured physiological parameters including water uptake, in-vitro embryo germination ratio, and seed coat structure observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explore the influence of seed coat on the germination of seeds of tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum (Linn) Roxb.). Tallow tree seeds had good water permeability. We found that germination of cabbage seeds was inhibited when cabbage seeds were soaked in extracted solutions from tallow tree seed coat. Seed coat structure at the side of the radicle appeared to be a barrier to seed germination. We tested methods to break tallow tree seed dormancy. Dormancy of tallow tree seeds was overcome by soaking the seeds in 500 mg·L-1 or 1000 mg·L-1 GA3, followed by 100 days of cold stratification.     

不同基质对欧榛扦插生根的影响

选用不同基质(珍珠岩、河沙、蛭石+珍珠岩)对欧榛进行了扦插实验。实验表明基质种类对欧榛扦插有显著影响,在混合基质(蛭石+珍珠岩)中进行硬枝扦插和嫩枝扦插生根效果均最好,在蛭石+珍珠岩混合基质中硬枝扦插生根率可达56%,在河沙和珍珠岩基质中不生根;嫩枝扦插在不同基质中也有显著差异,在河沙、珍珠岩及蛭石+珍珠岩3种基质中生根率分别为11%、8.25%和45.87%。     

Effect of harvest date,drying, short-term storage and freezing after chilling on the germination of rowan seeds

The effects of seed pretreatment and harvest date on the germination of European rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L) seeds were examined. In one experiment, seeds were subjected to drying, storage, soaking, warm and chilling treatments after harvesting in mid- and late August. In another experiment, fully imbibed (FI) seeds were given warm treatment for six weeks and then various durations of chilling (4?±?1°C) for up to 24 weeks. Thereafter, the seeds were adjusted to target moisture content of 35% and 30% or remained in the FI state and were then subjected to either subsequent chilling or freezing (?3°C) for up to 32 weeks. The treated seeds were allowed to germinate at a constant 15°C with 8 hours of lighting per day. Treatment effects were generally consistent for each harvest date. Seeds did not germinate unless they were chilled and germination rates were low unless the seeds were soaked. Warm treatment applied before chilling appeared to induce dormancy. The effect of storage varied with harvest date and storage treatment, with germination being highest for seeds harvested in late August. Mild freezing of ≥16 weeks duration following 16–24 weeks initial chilling resulted in >80% germination, more than could be achieved using chilling alone.     

Target seed moisture content,chilling and priming pretreatments influence germination temperature response in Alnus glutinosa and Betula pubescens

Abstract

The response of common alder [Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.] and downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) seeds to germination temperature was examined following chilling and priming. Seeds of two seed lots of each species were subjected to combinations of chilling (4±1°C) and priming (20°C) treatments in fully imbibed (FI) state or a lower target seed moisture content (TMC) level (30% and 35% in alder and birch, respectively). After treatment, the seeds were allowed to germinate for 56 days at constant temperatures of 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30°C. The response to temperature and pretreatment differed between species, but the effect was consistent in each seed lot within each species. In alder, the TMC seeds germinated well across the full range of temperatures, whereas there was an optimum temperature (22–23°C) for seeds given the FI pretreatment. Priming had no significant effect on the germination response of the TMC seeds in alder, but priming greatly improved germination in the FI seeds, especially at the lower germination temperatures (optimum 18–19°C). In contrast, in birch, the TMC seeds germinated better across the full temperature range, but the optimal germination temperature (15°C) was the same for all seed pretreatments. Priming improved germination in both the FI and TMC seeds in birch.     

Effects of length of seed chilling period and sowing date on family performance and genetic variances of Douglas-fir seedlings in the nursery

Seeds of four full-sibling Douglas-fir families (F) were moist chilled (C) for 14, 33, and 77 days and sown (S) March 29, April 26, and May 24 at two densities (D=111 and 200 seeds/m²), grown for 2 years in nursery beds and phenology and size traits recorded. The study was analyzed in two parts: part I evaluated seed treatment effects and their interactions with families; and part II investigated the effect of treatments on genetic variances, particularly among-family (_F ²) and within-plot ( ²) components and the intraclass correlation for families (t_{% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaGqaa0Gaa8NKba% aa!3886!\[f\]}). In part I there were large and highly significant differences associated with C and S and among F for all traits. Early S combined with long C resulted in early emergence and gave large seedlings with little loss and damage. Many interactions between C and F, and S and F, were significant. Interactions involved rank changes for size but not for phenology traits, and were larger for C×F than for S×F. Seedling density affected seedling size but not phenology, did not interact with seed treatments, and interacted significantly but weakly with families. In part II, C and S, but not D, had significant effects on _F ², ², and t_{% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaGqaa0Gaa8NKba% aa!3886!\[f\]}, but not in a predictable manner. Because of significant interactions, it is recommended that standardized seed treatments be used in family nursery tests. This should aid in keeping the results from these tests as repeatable as possible. Long chilling and sowing as early as practicable are recommended to minimize disease losses and winter damages and to provide good nursery stock.     

赤霉素浸种与低温层积对桂花种子发芽的影响

对桂花种子进行了层积前赤霉素浸种与低温层积相结合的催芽试验。结果表明，桂花种子具有休眠特性，低温层积能够增进桂花种子萌发。层积前用赤霉素浸泡促进桂花种子萌发的作用明显，试验以3000mg／L赤霉素浸泡2天和2000mg／L赤霉素浸泡2天或4天最好，极显著或显著地高于其它处理组合。赤霉素浸泡必须与低温层积相结合，其作用效果才能发挥，试验中以层积60天最好。清水浸泡促进萌发的效果不明显。     

白榆桑树种子低温贮藏种子含水量对发芽率的影响

种子的发芽率除受树种本身的遗传特性影响外 ,还受贮藏条件 (温度、温度、通气状况 )和贮藏年限的影响 ,贮藏期间种子的含水量也是影响种子发芽率的重要因子。白榆、桑树种子适宜随采随播 ,否则 ,会降低发芽率。不能及时播种应密封干藏。为探讨白榆和桑树种子在密闭、低温条件下长期贮藏 ,种子含水量对发芽率的影响 ,做了以下试验。1　材料与方法试验用的白榆和桑树种子于 1 995年装入小广口瓶 ,封蜡密封后放在温度为 1～ 4℃的冰箱冷藏室贮藏 ,种子装瓶时含水量 :白榆种子分别为 6 .8%、4 .1 %、2 .7%、,桑树种子分别为 4 .9%、3.4 %、2 .0…     

欧洲榛子苗木的生长规律

以16个欧榛品种为试材,用L og istic M odel、G om pertz M odel、R ichards M odel等数学模型对欧榛不同品种嫁接苗、插条苗、实生苗的年生长规律进行了模拟,利用CurveExpert等软件进行分析。结果发现3类苗木的各个指标的生长变化均呈现“慢-快-慢”的规律,生长曲线基本呈“S”形。     

不同处理对欧榛硬枝扦插生根的影响及生根过程中相关氧化酶活性的变化

以欧榛品种巴塞罗娜为材料,进行基质和生长素的对比试验,研究生根过程中过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和吲哚乙酸氧化酶(IAAO)酶活性的动态变化.结果表明:在基质试验中,只有混合基质能够提高插穗生根率;在生长素试验中,IBA处理的插穗生根率达到60%,α-NAA 和ABT1处理的插穗生根率只有15%和20%,而对照不生根.榛子硬枝扦插生根过程可分为诱导期、表达期和伸长期3个阶段.POD活性在诱导期和表达期呈上升趋势,伸长期下降,在第20天和60天各有1个高峰;PPO活性在诱导期和表达期上升,伸长期下降;IAAO活性在诱导期缓慢上升,表达期急剧上升,伸长期下降.     

杂交榛子引种试验

通过 7年的杂交榛子 (Corylusheterophylla ×C .avellana)引种试验 ,使杂交榛子在黑龙江省引种成功。成功地选育出牡林榛 1 # 、牡林榛 2 # 、牡林榛 3 # 等 3个优良的具有抗寒性的杂交榛子新品种。     

Effect of sowing date on seedling emergence of species with seeds enclosed in a stony endocarp

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the natural sequence of temperature conditions between the time of seed sowing and their germination on dormancy release of Prunus avium, P. mahaleb, P. divaricata, P. laurocerasus, P. spinosa, Cornus mas, C. sanguinea, and Celtis australis seeds which are enclosed in a hard stony endocarp. According to their collection date, the seeds (with the endocarp) of the above species were sown outdoor in summer, autumn, and winter and the number of emerged seedlings was counted during the following two springs. For all species, the first sowing date was immediately after seed collection and cleaning. In all species, seedling emergence occurred in early spring and dormancy was released only after the exposure of seeds to specific season conditions. The exposure of seeds of all studied species, except C. australis, to a period of warm temperatures prior to winter was necessary for dormancy breaking and germination. Autumn sowing of P. laurocerasus and C. sanguinea seeds, which were collected in summer, and the sowing immediately after seed collection of the rest species, resulted in a maximum percentage of seedling emergence in the following spring.