濮阳野生观赏型乔木引种驯化试验

濮阳市第一苗圃对观赏性能优异的河南省野生观赏型乔木山桐子、粗糠树、灯台树、朴树、臭檀、西南卫矛等13个树种(系列)做了较为全面的观察并在繁育、栽培、应用等方面取得进展,为城市应用推广提供了新材料。       

Agroforestry: working trees for sequestering carbon on agricultural lands

Agroforestry is an appealing option for sequestering carbon on agricultural lands because it can sequester significant amounts of carbon while leaving the bulk of the land in agricultural production. Simultaneously, it can help landowners and society address many other issues facing these lands, such as economic diversification, biodiversity, and water quality. Nonetheless, agroforestry remains under-recognized as a greenhouse gas mitigation option for agriculture in the US. Reasons for this include the limited information-base and number of tools agroforestry can currently offer as compared to that produced from the decades-worth of investment in agriculture and forestry, and agroforestry’s cross-cutting nature that puts it at the interface of agriculture and forestry where it is not strongly supported or promoted by either. Agroforestry research is beginning to establish the scientific foundation required for building carbon accounting and modeling tools, but more progress is needed before it is readily accepted within agricultural greenhouse gas mitigation programs and, further, incorporated into the broader scope of sustainable agricultural management. Agroforestry needs to become part of the agricultural tool box and not viewed as something separate from it. Government policies and programs driving research direction and investment are being formulated with or without data in order to meet pressing needs. Enhanced communication of agroforestry’s carbon co-benefit, as well as the other benefits afforded by these plantings, will help elevate agroforestry awareness within these discussions. This will be especially crucial in deliberations on such broad sweeping natural resource programs as the US Farm Bill.     

几种园林绿化树种的夏季移栽试验

园林绿化树种的反季节移植是园林工作者的一大难题。2005年7月,在河北省武安市大同镇兰村进行了几种园林绿化树种的移植试验,通过采取调节树体水分平衡、保持一定量的吸收根不被破坏和合理选择树种等措施,使金丝垂柳大树、大叶黄杨和小月季的移植成活率分别达到了100%、100%和99.8%,落叶量均低于50%。     

河北省城市园林树木网络专家系统的构建

为了使园林从业者能够准确便利地掌握河北省常用园林树木基本情况和实际应用知识,对河北省内城市常用园林树木的基本信息、树木养护管理、树木图片进行了搜集整理,并总结了树木的常用配置应用、古树名木知识等,根据园林树木学和景观设计学等相关学科理论基础,构建了专家系统知识库。在知识库的基础上,采用MVC模式,使用JAVA语言编程、MySQL数据库进行数据存储,采用B/S架构,应用Tomcat服务器,构建了河北省城市园林树木网络专家系统,其中包含树木信息查找和树木应用推理等方面的功能,以期为使用者提供这些方面的功能支持。     

Native trees and shrubs for the productive rehabilitation of tropical cattle ranching lands

Extensive cattle production currently occupies more than 27% of the rural landscapes in Latin America, and continues to expand. This activity, deeply rooted in the culture and rural economy of the region, requires an urgent transformation if it is to become both more efficient and environmentally friendly. Silvopastoral systems that incorporate native trees and shrubs are instrumental for the productive rehabilitation of cattle production and for biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes. We discuss research progress and adoption of intensive silvopastoral systems in Colombia and Mexico. Intensive silvopastoral systems (ISS) are a sustainable form of agroforestry for livestock production that combines fodder shrubs planted at high densities (more than 10,000 plants ha⁻¹), trees and palms, and improved pastures. High stocking and the natural production of milk and meat in these systems are achieved through rotational grazing with electric fencing and a permanent supply of water for the cattle. While milk and meat production and cattle reproduction are enhanced, production costs decline as external inputs are replaced by natural processes related to fertility and biological control. We also discuss the importance of the ISS with native trees for climate change adaptation and mitigation, the barriers for their adoption, and how these have been successfully addressed using payment for environmental services, special credits and technical assistance. Finally, we highlight the need for enhancing landscape connectivity by integrating SPS to conservation corridors with native species to promote biodiversity conservation and other environmental services demanded by society.     

浅析观赏果树在城市居住区的应用

在我国观赏果树应用于乡间院落园林有着悠久的历史,而应用于城市居住小区的园林则是刚刚起步。因此,应该充分利用我国众多的果树资源,丰富城市园林景观。我们从昔观价值、文化价值、生态价值以及经济价值等方面阐述了观赏果树在居住区栽植的意义,并提出了相关的应用建议。     

东北中、北部城市园林绿化树种的选择

经科研观测和调查结论推荐,东北中、北部城市绿化树种生物多样性可选择应用的外来或域内栽培的优良园林树木66种。     

吉林市常见观赏树木物候特征初步研究

以北华大学东校区校园和树木园内16种观赏树木为研究对象,通过两年连续物候观测和记录,分析物候变化特征与气象因子关系,结果表明:16种树种其物候期每年始于3月中下旬,结束于10月中旬,个别树种于11月初结束,大约维持220 d。当空气平均温度为4.0℃、土壤平均温度区为8.0℃时,各树种开始进入萌动期;当空气平均温度为7.3℃、土壤平均温度为12.9℃时,各树种进入展叶期;当空气平均温度为9.1℃、土壤平均温度为15.2℃时,各树种进入开花期;当空气平均温度、土壤平均温度在3.9℃和8.1℃及以下时大部分树种结束落叶进入休眠期。从低纬度引种栽培的大花圆锥绣球各物候期出现较迟,其各物候期活动积温均高于其他树种,而同样是低纬度引种的珍珠绣线菊,各物候期积温与乡土树种近似,物候期也比较早。     

黑龙江西部地区主要观赏树种的抗逆性评价

对黑龙江省西部地区主要观赏树种的抗逆性进行了观测与评价,为本地区园林绿化发展提供了依据。     

The role of trees for sustainable management of less-favored lands: the case of eucalyptus in Ethiopia

In northern Ethiopia, eucalyptus is the most commonly observed tree species in community and household woodlots. In an environment suffering from biomass and water shortages, erosion and land degradation, fast growing and resilient eucalyptus perform better than most indigenous tree species. Smallholders show a clear preference for eucalyptus poles, which are useful for farm implements and constructing dwellings and fences. In addition, the sale of eucalyptus poles and products has the potential to raise farm incomes, reduce poverty, increase food security and diversify smallholder-farming systems in less-favored areas of Tigray. Despite the potential for eucalyptus to improve rural livelihoods, in 1997 the regional government of Tigray imposed a ban on eucalyptus tree planting on farmlands. The ban was precipitated by concerns about the potential negative environmental externalities associated with eucalyptus, and the desire to reserve farmland for crop production. However, the regional government promotes the planting of eucalyptus in community woodlots, and has recently begun to allow private planting of eucalyptus on community wasteland and steep hillsides. In this paper, we review the ecological debate surrounding the planting of eucalyptus trees. In addition, the economic factors that influence smallholders to invest in tree production are considered. Ex ante benefit–cost analysis based on community and village level survey data from Tigray illustrates that planting eucalyptus yields high rates of return, well above 20% in most circumstances. The effect of variable harvest rates, and the potential costs of decreased crop production when eucalyptus trees are planted on or near farmlands are considered relative to our base case scenario. Based upon the review of the ecological and economic impacts of eucalyptus, we conclude that a policy option favoring the allocation of wastelands for private tree planting offers the greatest opportunity for rural smallholders.     

贵州亚热带地区的野生香花类观赏植物资源

贵州亚热带地区有野生香花类观赏植物23科39属（1亚属）70种（含新分布种和变种）。分布垂直带谱为海拔160－1000m。花色分为白色、黄色、紫色、黄绿色和红色5类。生境类型分为森林湿地型、疏林灌丛型、山坡草地型和附生型，以森林湿地型和疏林灌丛型的种类居多。银钟花、大叶木莲、尖叶木、云川醉鱼草、紫萼、香槐、两粤黄檀、单性木兰、苍白秤钩风和扭肚藤处于濒危状态。     

河北省室外观赏树种蚧壳虫种类调查及识别

据调查与统计,河北省室外观赏树种几乎全部受到蚧虫的危害,危害河北省室外观赏树种的蚧壳虫有6科(盾蚧科、蚧科、粉蚧科、绒蚧科、红蚧科和珠蚧科)60种。其中以盾蚧科、蚧科、粉蚧科为主。在室外观赏树种中灌木受害最重,其次是乔木,竹类受害最轻。蚧壳虫严重危害主要是由于人为活动频繁、植物群落简单、管理水平粗放以及环境污染等原因造成的。最后采用寄主结合形态特征制定出了河北省室外观赏树种蚧壳虫检索表。     

Evaluation of cold resistance of ornamental species for planting as urban rooftop greening

Rooftop gardening or green roof establishment, one of the methods of afforestation for urban greening, has many benefits for the environment, the economy and urban landscapes. Various environmental stresses including heat, strong wind, sunshine and cold prevent most plants from growing well in extensive green roof systems. For the establishment of urban rooftop gardening in Beijing, we evaluated 13 ornamental plant species [Berberis thunbergii ‘Atropurea Nana’, Euonymus fortune (Turcz.) Hand., Viburnum dilatatum Thunb., Cotinus coggygria Scop., Swida alba Opiz., Weigela florida (Bunge.) A. DC., Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl., Euonymus japonicus Thunb., Euonymus japonicus ‘Cuzhi’, Buddleja davidii Franch., Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) Li., Ligustrum lucidum Ait. and Spiraea salicifolia L.] for greening of flat rooftops. We obtained three indices concerning cold resistance, i.e., electrical conductivity of leaves, amounts of soluble sugars and amounts of free proline, providing a theoretical basis for selection of plants fit for roof and balcony greening. The results show that the six species P. fortuneana (Maxim.) Li., B. thunbergii ‘Atropurea Nana’, J. nudiflorum Lindl., E. fortune (Turcz.) Hand., E. japonicus Thunb. and E. japonicus ‘Cuzhi’ are excellent plants for rooftop gardening, judging from their strong ability in cold resistance. Plants such as L. lucidum Ait., C. coggygria Scop. and W. florida (Bunge) A. DC. showed a medium ability in cold resistance. However, these species can be used in roof and balcony greening after intensive management or acclimatization of variety. The ability to resist cold of plants such as W. florida (Bunge) A. DC., S. salicifolia L., V. rhytidophyllum and S. alba Opiz. (Cornus alba L.) was found to be rather weak. Therefore, cold-proof measures are recommended when using these species.     

福建牛姆林自然保护区观光木群落特征的初步研究

通过野外调查和统计生态学原理统计分析,对牛姆林自然保护区观光木群落的物种组成、群落结构和物种多样性等特征进行初步研究,结果表明:该群落属常绿阔叶混交林,物种组成丰富,分层现象明显,结构复杂,生境资源利用率和物种多样性水平都较高;种群内观光木年龄结构总体趋于稳定,但Ⅰ级苗木较少,同时观光木开花结实受环境影响大,在演替过程中会出现“青黄不接”现象,易被淘汰,因此开展保护该种群工作具有紧迫性。     

浙江省珍稀濒危树种观赏价值及其应用

浙江省地处中亚热带，水热资源条件好，地形复杂，植物资源丰富，其中珍稀濒危树种36种。通过对这些珍稀濒危树种的观赏特性的评价，阐述了它们在园林中的应用现状，并提出了进一步开发和保护的建议。     

对印度亚热带潮湿气候中的多种用途树叶作为草料的质量评价(英文)

多种用途树种和灌木在农业系统中有重要的作用,在减少饲料供求矛盾和补充世界各地饲料赤字,提高动物生产力方面有很大的潜力。同时,评价草料各种营养特性,利于生产定量平衡的饲料。评价12种多种用途树种(Acacia auri-culiformis,Albizzia procera,Dalbergia sissoo,Gliricidia macu-lata,Leucaena leucocephala,Samanea saman,Azadirachta in-dica,Eucalyptus hybrida,Gmelina arborea,Michelia champaca,Morus alba,和Tectona grandis)的树叶的营养特性,其中分别包括6种豆科和非豆科树种,指标包括:常规成分,细胞壁成分,总鞣质含量,大量(Ca和P)与微量元素(Fe,Cu,Zn,Mn和Co)含量,干物质体外消化率与有机物消化率以及代谢能量值。结果表明上述各参数都有明显的差异。有机物,粗蛋白质含量,石油醚提取物总量,粗纤维含量,无氮浸出物,总灰分的平均值分别为:(92.02±0.30)%,(16.00±0.74)%,(3.05±0.13)%,(18.97±1.07)%,(54.00±1.12)%和(7.98±0.30)%。豆科树种较非豆科树种有更高的粗蛋白质含量(18.30%和13.70%)。细胞壁成分中的中性洗涤纤维素,酸性洗涤纤维,半纤维,纤维素,酸性木质素含量平均值分别为:(52.48±1.05)%,(31.72±0.97)%,(20.76±0.88)%,(16.97±0.70)%和(9.57±0.62)%。总鞣质含量为(4.22±0.32)%。Ca与P之比合理,多种树种叶中Fe和Mn含量丰富,P,Cu,Zn和Co水平低于标准水平含量。干物质体外消化率与有机物消化率平均值分别为(48.96±1.30)%和(50.69±1.36)%。代谢能量值为(6.95±0.11)MJ·kg-1。粗蛋白质含量与干物质体外消化率与有机物消化率和代谢能量值成正相关;而这三个参数与中性洗涤纤维素,酸性洗涤纤维,和酸性木质素含量成负相关。结果表明:银合欢可作为优良饲料的树种,因为它具有最高的干物质体外消化率与有机物消化率以及代谢能量值(65.20%,67.66%和7.95MJ·kg-1),而Gliricidia maculata,Morus alba,Azadirachta indica,Dalbergia sissoo和Samanea saman可做较好类型饲料的树种,其它树种做饲料质量差。     

Comparison of allometric equations and biomass expansion factors for six evergreen broad-leaved trees in subtropical forests in southern Korea

This study was conducted to compare the allometric equations and biomass expansion factors (BEFs) of six dominant evergreen broad-leaved trees (Camellia japonica L, Castanopsis sieboldii Hatus, Quercus acuta Thunb, Q. glauca Thunb, Machilus thunbergii S. et Z., and Neolitsea sericea Koidz) in subtropical forests. A total of 86 trees were destructively sampled to quantify the aboveground biomass of each tree component (i.e., leaves, branches, and stem). Species-specific or generalized allometric equations and species-dependent BEFs were developed for each tree component of the six broad-leaved forest trees. Species-specific allometric equations were significant (P < 0.05), with the diameter at breast height (DBH) accounting for 68–99% of the variation, whereas generalized allometric equations explained 64–96% of the variation. The values of stem density ranged broadly from 0.49 g cm^?3 for C. sieboldii to 0.79 g cm^?3 for Q. glauca, with a mean value of 0.68 g cm^?3. The BEFs were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for C. sieboldii (1.25) than for M. thunbergii (2.02). Stem density and aboveground BEFs had a significant negative relationship with tree ages. The results indicate that species-specific allometric equations and species-dependent BEFs are applicable for obtaining accurate biomass estimates of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests.     

Host specificity of co‐infecting Botryosphaeriaceae on ornamental and forest trees in the Western Balkans

The Botryosphaeriaceae is a diverse family of endophytes and fungal pathogens of mainly woody plants. We considered the host range and distribution of these fungi by sampling diseased ornamental and forest trees and shrubs in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, spanning a Mediterranean and a Continental climatic region. In total, ten Botryosphaeriaceae species were identified in the Western Balkans and with the exception of Sphaeropsis visci and Phaeobotryon cupressi, which occurred on one host, all the species had a broader host range. Phaeobotryon cupressi was found only in the Mediterranean region and S. visci, Dothiorella sp., Dothiorella sarmentorum and Diplodia seriata were present only in the Continental region. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on a variety of hosts from which the Botryosphaeriaceae species were isolated. These included leaves and/or stems of seedlings of 21 hosts, and cut leaves and/or branches of six hosts. Moreover, stems of seedlings of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Cedrus deodara, Picea omorika, Pinus patula and Eucalyptus grandis were inoculated as hosts from which some or all of the Botryosphaeriaceae species used for inoculation were not isolated. Inoculations showed that the majority of these fungi could also co‐infect hosts other than those from which they were isolated. The results suggest that most of the species have broad host ranges and can potentially cause disease on a broad range of tree species under certain conditions.     

甘肃杜鹃花属野生观赏植物资源评价及利用

报道了甘肃杜鹃花属野生观赏植物的种类 ,初步评价了这些植物的观赏特性 ,介绍了其园林用途 ,提出了资源开发利用的建议     

长白山野生树木资料的引种栽培及在北方城市绿化上开发利用

通过引种,从长白山野生树木资源中的筛选出适宜于北方地区栽培的绿化树种,丰富了北方地区绿化树木的种类。