复杂环境下石灰石露天矿山安全开采高陡边坡的研究

针对复杂环境下石灰石露天矿山高陡边坡较难开采的问题,基于某露天石灰石矿山工程地质概况,提出了采用分区开采的边坡开采方案,通过对各种不同角度的边坡进行分区,研究它们各自的安全开采措施,最终该石灰石露天矿山实现了安全高效的开采高陡边坡,取得了较好的开采效果,可为类似工况下的露天矿山高陡边坡的开采提供参考。     

矿山开采生态环境破坏与恢复研究——以赣州市矿山为例

以矿山开采中面临的环境问题为出发点,并以露天矿山生态环境恢复为例,重点分析了恢复生态学的理论和方法,对赣州市矿山生态环境恢复提出了对策建议。     

露天矿山排土场边坡稳定性分析

露天矿山排土场在废料堆放过程中极易引发地质灾害,考察排土场边坡稳定性情况有利于后期矿山安全运行。以武汉市某露天矿山排土场边坡为研究对象,借助数值模拟工具建立剖面模型计算了安全系数,结合有限元模型选取边坡上特征点比较了自重与渗流因素对采场边坡稳定性影响。结果表明：露天排土场在自重与渗流因素影响下边坡稳定性逐渐降低,如不对该边坡做出有效治理将会发生滑坡事故。最后根据预测结果并结合排土场边坡实际情况提出了削帮压脚、及时处理拉伸裂缝、加强监测巡查和边坡维护等加固措施,为预防边坡发生滑坡事故提供参考。     

辽宁省矿山废弃地植被恢复技术研究

文章分析了辽宁省矿山废弃地现状，对辽宁省矿山废弃地的植被恢复技术进行了探讨，详细阐述了露天采矿场、排岩场的植被恢复技术。并根据实践经验提出了建议。     

泸溪县露天矿山采石场恢复植被技术研究

简明介绍泸溪县露天矿山采石场现状，分析泸溪县露天矿山采石场恢复植被的必要性，阐述了恢复植被的建设思路和恢复植被的原则，就恢复植被技术措施予以研究，以期对泸溪县生态建设提供有益借鉴。     

EXCEL在AUTO CAD绘图中的应用——以雅满苏磁海铁矿为例

介绍了AUTO CAD技术在矿山测量中的应用,以及野外实测后利用excel建立坐标数据组,在Auto Cad中批量展点,从而快速地绘制出露天矿山测量所需的露天采场现状图及各种所需断面图。     

延平区闽江流域山水林田湖草生态保护及修复

从水土保持、矿区、水源、水质、生物多样性等方面识别与诊断了延平区现存的生态问题,并针对性地提出了水源地保护、污染水体修复、河道景观提升、农业养殖业污染源治理、生物多样性修复、废弃矿山综合整治及地质灾害治理等工程措施,探索出了特色化的闽江流域延平段山水林田湖草一体化修复方案。     

浅谈承德市矿山自然生态环境治理

为改变工矿厂区和废弃矿山的环境,加快绿化速度,对矿山环境绿化治理设计进行了探讨。本技术用于矿山和采石场整治,既能满足整治工程的复绿要求,又符合生态恢复原则,具有很强的适用性。选择的绿化树种耐干旱瘠薄,有较强的生命力,适应性广;治理模式造价低廉、绿化速度快、效果好,对矿山绿化治理有一定的指导意义。     

做好露天矿山开采废弃地生态修复的几点思考

<正>改革开放以来,包括金属矿山和非金属矿山在内的露天矿山为我国社会经济快速发展提供了大量的资源和生产资料,做出了巨大贡献。与此同时,在开采过程中,也造成了不同程度的生态问题。如生物多样性遭到破坏、土壤污染、水污染,等等。有研究显示,这些失去土壤和植被的露天矿山开采废弃地,没有人工干预的自然修复至少需要300年的时间,甚至无法修复。     

甘肃省涉重金属重点行业企业环境风险现状研究

甘肃省建设有大量涉重金属企业,该省生态环境脆弱,涉重金属环境风险十分突出,而矿山环境综合整治已经成为推进生态文明建设的关键一环。分析了甘肃省重点涉重金属行业企业,提出了采用督促企业开展摸底调查、储备相应应急物资、完善涉重金属应急处置技术等措施,以提升甘肃省涉重金属突发环境事件应急处置能力和水平。     

现代林业建设工程总体规划初探

从编制太原市迎泽区现代林业建设工程规划出发,围绕建设“绿化山西”和一流省会城市的现实需求,广泛收集国土、水利、交通等相关资料,利用3s技术对迎泽区土地利用状况现状调查进行了详细的调查核实。在综合分析现状的基础上,遵循现代林业发展理念,明确了规划的指导思想、基本原则,按照尊重现实、因地制宜、分类施策、科学规划、合理布局的要求,提出了迎泽区城郊现代林业建设目标、工程建设重点,提出了突出3条路线、建好5个组团、美化10个村庄、绿化8个景点、开通1个循环圈的建设思路。创新性提出了“无变有”、“灌改乔”、“疏加密”、“林提档”、“矿覆绿”5种建设模式。     

桥山林区矿山植被保护与恢复技术的探讨

通过对桥山林区矿山范围内生态环境破坏现状和相同生态区位废旧矿山植被恢复情况进行调查分析,提出了黄陵矿区矿山植被保护与恢复技术措施,为保护当地生态环境提供技术支撑。     

厂矿园林绿化的特点与效益评价

基于厂矿园林绿化立地条件的特点,阐述了厂矿园林绿化树种选择的原则和各类树种配置比例,并从环境效益、社会效益和经济效益3个方面,对厂矿园林绿化进行了效益评价。     

废弃矿区生态修复植物种的筛选

用隶属函数法对大田贵竹林废弃矿区引入的10种植物的生长和生理指标进行分析。结果显示：废弃矿区植物叶片的叶绿素含量及其光合特性在种间亦存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）,表明不同植物对废弃矿区的适应是存在差异的。利用隶属函数法分析表明,邓恩桉、香樟和泡桐是废弃矿区最适宜栽植的树种,可作为废弃矿区恢复的先锋树种予以大力推广。     

我国县级石漠化综合治理的思路与技术探讨

分析了我国岩溶地区石漠化现状及特点,根据国务院2008年批复的《岩溶地区石漠化综合治理规划大纲》中确定的8省(区)100个县的石漠化综合治理试点范围,提出县级石漠化综合治理的思路,对现有治理技术进行归纳、分类,形成综合治理技术体系,为试点阶段县级实施方案编制以及综合治理提供参考。     

城镇化建设中工业遗产的保护与利用途径——以木鱼石矿区为例

随着时间的更迭与前进,城镇化建设中产生了大量面临淘汰或闲置的工业遗产．它们承载了各种不同的经验与文化累积,对于复兴城市经济活力、延续城市文脉有着极其重要的意义。但是这些具有历史意义与价值的对象有些面临淘汰,有些被保存的工业遗产,从保护的实质层面而言,则缺乏尊重文脉、注重可持续发展的理念。作者以木鱼石矿区为例,不仅关注有形的物质形态的保护与利用,还关注精神与历史记忆的保存,并从更全面地视角,提出了工业遗产保护与利用的途径,为城镇化建设中的工业遗产研究提供了新的思路和可能。     

尾矿干式堆存技术在江西银海矿业有限公司的应用

指出了尾矿干式堆存技术以其显著的环保、社会和经济效益的优势已在全国矿山得到推广和应用。以江西银海矿业有限公司为实例阐明了尾矿干式堆存技术在南方多雨地区,且在正在运行中上游式尾矿库上堆存运用的可行性。江西银海矿业有限公司采用井下充填、尾矿干堆、污水处理、真空预压等技术,成功地实验了将尾矿库由湿式堆存转型为干式堆存。     

基于动景再框和电影剪辑类比研究的采矿废弃地景观重构

以安徽省淮北市一处典型的露天采矿废弃地为研究对象,利用中国传统园林中的框景手法,仿照中国传统山水画中构筑物的位置经营方式,在设计基址内框选择美景,通过电影剪辑方式,对框选的景观进行片段选取、编辑,设置路线对其进行串联以形成观画般的叙事性。旨在探索框裁、剪辑和编景的空间营造方式在采矿废弃地这种特殊场地形式中的应用。     

Influence of herbaceous ground cover on forest restoration of eastern US coal surface mines

Competitive effects of dense herbaceous vegetation (ground cover) can inhibit forest restoration on mine sites. Here we review the evidence of ground cover interactions with planted tree seedlings on coal surface mines of the eastern US, discuss recent research into these interactions, and draw conclusions concerning ground cover management when restoring forests on reclaimed coal mines. Reclaimed mine sites have a high potential to support productive forests, however forest establishment is inhibited by reclamation practices that included soil compaction, and the seeding of competitive ground covers. In the first few years after tree planting, a dense ground cover of grass and legume species commonly seeded on mine sites often affect growth and survival negatively. Herbaceous vegetation providing less extensive and competitive ground coverage may either facilitate or inhibit tree establishment, depending on site conditions. The use of quality planting stock promotes the competitive ability of seedlings by improving nutrient status and the ability to capture available resources. Herbaceous species have contrasting functional characteristics, and thus compete differently with trees for available resources. Negative interactions with trees are more frequently reported for non-native cool-season grasses than for native warm-season grasses, while the effects of legumes change over time. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of tree/ground cover interactions. The development of seeding mixes that can control erosion, facilitate survival and growth of planted trees, and allow establishment by unplanted native species would aid forest restoration on eastern US, coal mines.

     

Effects of fertilization and irrigation on American sycamore and black locust planted on a reclaimed surface mine in Appalachia

Short rotation woody biofuel plantations on reclaimed surface mines in Appalachia can diversify domestic energy supplies and facilitate the reforestation of these disturbed lands. This study examined growth, survival, biomass accumulation and allocation, and nitrogen concentrations following two growing seasons in American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seedlings receiving irrigation, granular fertilization, and irrigation + fertilization compared with untreated controls. Fertilization increased basal diameter, height, and stem mass of American sycamore following two growing seasons. Increased stem production was attributed to accelerated development and not shifts in biomass allocation due to treatment. Irrigation and irrigation + fertilization treatments did not enhance growth or biomass accumulation of American sycamore. Similarly, black locust basal diameter, height, and stem mass did not differ among the treatments. Browse surveys showed that more than 76% of black locust seedlings experienced arrested or retrogressed growth due to browse; less than 3% of American sycamores were browsed. This intensive browse by ungulates, likely including reintroduced elk, may have affected growth differences among species and confounded the effects of treatments on black locust. Survival was unaffected by treatment in both species, but mean survival was greatest in American sycamore (80%) compared to black locust (58%). Per tree total nitrogen uptake was highest in fertilized American sycamore (7.9 g) and lowest in irrigated American sycamore (0.9 g). The results of our study suggest that granular fertilizer applications can accelerate seedling growth on reclaimed surface mines in the Appalachian region.