籽粒苋的饲用价值及其栽培技术

籽粒苋(Amaranthus paniculatus L.)是苋科苋属一年生草本植物,别名千穗谷、西粘谷、苋菜、繁穗苋等.1982年我国从美国Rodal研究中心引进,试种效果很好.目前籽粒苋在我国分布极广,全国栽培面积约有20多万公顷,主要分布在河北、山西、陕西、东北、云南、西藏等地.籽粒苋是一种高产的饲料作物,是草食家畜良好的青绿饲料.     

籽粒苋的饲用价值与效果

在我国,作为粮、饲兼用作物籽粒苋的利用途径更多方面是在饲用上,由于我国人均耕地少,农民又习惯于从畜禽那里获取有机肥料用于种植业上,所以家庭养殖较普遍,每家总有几头猪,几只鸡或一头牛,这就常出现畜与人争粮食的现象。近年来有些地区由于种植了籽粒苋,从而缓解了农村饲料不足而引起的人畜争粮矛盾。     

籽粒苋的饲用价值及其栽培技术

<正> 籽粒苋(Amaranthus paniculatus L.)是苋科苋属一年生草本植物,别名千穗谷、西粘谷、苋菜、繁穗苋等。1982年我国从美国Rodal研究中心引进,试种效果很好。目前籽粒苋在我国分布极广,全国栽培面积约有20多万公顷,主要分布在河北、山西、陕西、     

籽粒苋的饲用价值及饲喂效果

籽粒苋的饲用价值 一、叶片含有丰富的蛋白质成分,是理想的优质青饲料 众所周知.蛋白质含量在20％以上、纤维含量18％以下的饲料即被称之为蛋白饲料,籽粒苋品种的叶片粗蛋白含量全部在21％以上,粗纤维在12％以下,正符合蛋白质饲料标准,况且叶片中赖氨酸含量也高,达到0.52～1.01,因此,籽粒苋无论作青饲料,还是被加工成叶粉饲料或从中提取叶蛋白,皆是理想的蛋白的饲料源。     

籽粒苋的饲用价值与效界

在我国,作为粮、饲兼用作物籽粒苋的利用途径更多方面是在饲用上,由于我国人均耕地少,农民又习惯于从畜禽那里获取有机肥料用于种植业上,所以家庭养殖较普遍,每家总有几头猪,几只鸡或一头牛,这就常出现畜与人争粮食的现象.近年来有些地区由于种植了籽粒苋,从而缓解了农村饲料不足而引起的人畜争粮矛盾.     

籽粒苋的饲用价值和高产栽培技术

籽粒苋属粮饲兼用型植物,营养丰富,适口性好,作为牧草含有丰富的蛋白质和赖氨酸,可为家畜提供充足的营养物质,还可促进消化吸收,并且产量高,给种植者带来比较高的经济效益,在我国的种植范围越来越广.籽粒苋喜温暖湿润的环境,要想达到高产、优质的栽培目的需要了解其生长习性,并掌握科学的栽培技术,加强田间管理.     

籽粒苋饲用一切研究

籽粒苋饲用一切研究孟枋，李承开，周更生，宁志华，徐美康，肖艳玉（江西民星企业集团公司）戴征煌，欧阳延生，于徐根（省畜牧技术推广站）谢国强（省饲料科学研究所）籽粒苋是一种可作饲料、粮食、蔬菜的兼用作物。为了在我国率先进行籽粒觅的饲用开发，江西民星企业集...     

籽粒苋的饲用价值与喂饲效果的试验报告

在我国,作为粮、料兼用作物的籽粒苋利用途径更多的是用在饲料上。由于我国人均耕地少,农民又习惯于从畜禽那里获取有机肥料用于种植业,所以,家庭养殖较普遍,每家总有几头猪,几只鸡或一头牛,这就出现畜与人争粮食的问题。近年来,有些地区由于种植了籽粒苋,从而缓解了农村饲料不足而引起的人畜争粮     

籽粒苋的饲用价值及其在家禽中的应用

1籽粒苋的饲用价值 籽粒苋是苋科苋属的一年生草本植物,播种后2.5~3个月结籽,籽粒小（千粒重0.7g 左右）,每穗可结籽6万粒[1]。籽粒苋的主要特点是适应性强、种植范围广、产量高、抗病力强、适口性好、再生能力强,且营养价值高,籽实每亩可产180~280kg ,兼收青茎叶4000~6000kg。籽粒苋茎叶及籽实中一般营养成分、微量元素及氨基酸含量见表1[2]。     

Feeding value of pastures for ruminants

Perennial ryegrass is the primary forage component of ruminant diets in New Zealand. It is persistent and palatable, and immature ryegrass has a high nutritive value (NV). However, seedhead development substantially lowers its feeding value (FV) as fibre concentration increases, the rate and extent of digestibility decreases, and voluntary intake declines. Ryegrass pastures are susceptible to accumulation of endophytic and saprophytic fungi in dead material at the base of the sward, especially when mature and laxly grazed. Feeding forage legumes to ruminants grazing grass-dominant pastures will improve animal performance and lessen the reliance on a single species to meet all nutritional requirements. The FV of forage is a function of intake and NV, measured by chemical analyses and animal feeding trials. Performance of individual animals grazing forages is usually limited by energy intake because structural fibre can slow digestion and clearance from the rumen and because of competition between individuals for available feed. The use of metabolisable energy (ME) content of forage to signify FV can give a reasonable indication of animal performance, but it should be used in conjunction with chemical analyses to improve the accuracy of predictions. The relationship between FV, pasture production, animal performance and profitability is complex. The importance of skilled management to maintain pasture quality and optimise animal performance under inconsistent climatic conditions should not be underestimated. Acceptable animal performance with minimal veterinary intervention requires good nutrition, but the genetic potential of livestock in New Zealand cannot be met solely by grazing pasture, especially when a high utilisation of pasture is required to maintain quality and profitability. Producers are responding to industry demands to reduce the seasonality in supply of milk and meat by changing lambing and calving dates, and extending lactation length in dairy cows. Social changes include adoption of once-daily milking in the dairy industry. Some changes have necessitated increased use of supplements and others can be met by feeding forages with a higher FV than ryegrass, all of which require an improved knowledge of feed quality. This information is available through rapid and inexpensive near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis, enabling animal nutritional needs to be balanced by appropriate nutrient supply. It is essential that producers continue to improve animal welfare, limit excessive use of fertilisers and meet the demands of overseas consumers. Good nutrition, with an increased use of legumes and other forages to complement ryegrass pastures, will enable these objectives to be achieved.     

Feeding value of pastures for horses

The feeding value of fresh pasture grazed in situ is determined by animal performance or productivity and could be relatively easily established for growing and lactating horses. Despite this, there is a lack of published information on the relative feeding value of different pastures and forages grazed by horses in New Zealand and the world. In addition, for adult breeding or non-breeding and young or adult sport or performance horses, the definition of feeding value and its determination remain problematic. Limited information suggests that the feeding value of perennial ryegrass-based pasture in New Zealand for young growing horses is high, and growth rates for Thoroughbred horses fed solely on pasture in New Zealand are similar to those reported from the Northern Hemisphere where grain-based supplements are fed in addition to pasture or other forages. Attempts to assess the ability of fresh pastures to meet the nutrient requirements of horses are hampered by problems associated with determination of feed intake by grazing horses and lack of knowledge of the digestibility and utilisation of digested nutrients, including the relative bioavailability of macro- and micro-minerals in pasture. A further challenge for future research is to determine the effect of herbage allowance and grazing behaviour, including pasture species preferences, on voluntary feed intake by grazing horses. Grazing pasture has benefits for equine health and well-being including reduced risk of some nutrition-related disorders and reduced prevalence of stereotypic behaviour. Pastured horses have greater freedom for expression of natural behaviours including social interaction and exercise. However, grazing pasture is also associated with animal health problems, particularly parasitism and diseases related to pasture-associated toxins.     

Feeding value of pastures for ruminants

Perennial ryegrass is the primary forage component of ruminant diets in New Zealand. It is persistent and palatable, and immature ryegrass has a high nutritive value (NV). However, seed-head development substantially lowers its feeding value (FV) as fibre concentration increases, the rate and extent of digestibility decreases, and voluntary intake declines. Ryegrass pastures are susceptible to accumulation of endophytic and saprophytic fungi in dead material at the base of the sward, especially when mature and laxly grazed. Feeding forage legumes to ruminants grazing grass-dominant pastures will improve animal performance and lessen the reliance on a single species to meet all nutritional requirements.

The FV of forage is a function of intake and NV, measured by chemical analyses and animal feeding trials. Performance of individual animals grazing forages is usually limited by energy intake because structural fibre can slow digestion and clearance from the rumen and because of competition between individuals for available feed. The use of metabolisable energy (ME) content of forage to signify FV can give a reasonable indication of animal performance, but it should be used in conjunction with chemical analyses to improve the accuracy of predictions.

The relationship between FV, pasture production, animal performance and profitability is complex. The importance of skilled management to maintain pasture quality and optimise animal performance under inconsistent climatic conditions should not be underestimated. Acceptable animal performance with minimal veterinary intervention requires good nutrition, but the genetic potential of livestock in New Zealand cannot be met solely by grazing pasture, especially when a high utilisation of pasture is required to maintain quality and profitability.

Producers are responding to industry demands to reduce the seasonality in supply of milk and meat by changing lambing and calving dates, and extending lactation length in dairy cows. Social changes include adoption of once-daily milking in the dairy industry. Some changes have necessitated increased use of supplements and others can be met by feeding forages with a higher FV than ryegrass, all of which require an improved knowledge of feed quality. This information is available through rapid and inexpensive near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis, enabling animal nutritional needs to be balanced by appropriate nutrient supply. It is essential that producers continue to improve animal welfare, limit excessive use of fertilisers and meet the demands of overseas consumers. Good nutrition, with an increased use of legumes and other forages to complement ryegrass pastures, will enable these objectives to be achieved.     

Feeding value of pastures for horses

The feeding value of fresh pasture grazed in situ is determined by animal performance or productivity and could be relatively easily established for growing and lactating horses. Despite this, there is a lack of published information on the relative feeding value of different pastures and forages grazed by horses in New Zealand and the world. In addition, for adult breeding or non-breeding and young or adult sport or performance horses, the definition of feeding value and its determination remain problematic.

Limited information suggests that the feeding value of perennial ryegrass-based pasture in New Zealand for young growing horses is high, and growth rates for Thoroughbred horses fed solely on pasture in New Zealand are similar to those reported from the Northern Hemisphere where grain-based supplements are fed in addition to pasture or other forages. Attempts to assess the ability of fresh pastures to meet the nutrient requirements of horses are hampered by problems associated with determination of feed intake by grazing horses and lack of knowledge of the digestibility and utilisation of digested nutrients, including the relative bio availability of macro- and micro-minerals in pasture. A further challenge for future research is to determine the effect of herbage allowance and grazing behaviour, including pasture species preferences, on voluntary feed intake by grazing horses.

Grazing pasture has benefits for equine health and well-being including reduced risk of some nutrition-related disorders and reduced prevalence of stereotypic behaviour. Pastured horses have greater freedom for expression of natural behaviours including social interaction and exercise. However, grazing pasture is also associated with animal health problems, particularly parasitism and diseases related to pasture-associated toxins.     

椰子粕在肉鸡中的饲用价值

<正>椰子粕(copra meal)是椰子胚乳提取油脂后的副产物。椰子粕富含蛋白质(15%~25%)和碳水化合物(60%)。但它在家禽日粮中的使用受限,主要是由于其中几种必需氨基酸含量低,特别是赖氨酸和蛋氨酸(Thomas和Scott,1962;Lachance和Molina,1974;)。     

血液制品对断奶仔猪的饲用价值

断奶仔猪饲料所选用的原料,必需极易消化,且不含过敏原化合物或其他营养抑制因子,以适应肠道和酶系统都未完全发育的仔猪。传统上,符合上述要求,适宜用作断奶仔猪日粮的重要蛋白质源,主要包括脱脂奶粉、乳清粉、无过敏原大豆蛋白和鱼粉。近年来,血液加工蛋白质制品的利用,已引起人们的关注。1　影响血液制品营养价值的因素研究显示,血液制品可应用于仔猪饲料中。血液中含有诸如氨基酸和矿物质等多种仔猪需要的养分。加工方法对血液制品的营养价值起关键性作用。大量的研究表明,喷雾干燥制品中的氨基酸回肠消化率最高(表1)。表1　加工方法对…     

Feeding value of diets containing almond hulls

Four mature geldings were used in a 4 X 4 Latin Square digestion experiment to determine the digestibility of pelleted diets containing 0. 15, 30 and 45% Nonpareil almond hulls. The four isonitrogenous treatments consisting of almond hulls, oat hay, and alfalfa hay provided approximately 94% dry matter (DM), 11% crude protein (CP), 23-32% acid detergent fiber (ADF) and 4100 kcal/kg gross energy (GE). Each horse consumed a different diet during each of four 14-day trial periods. Horses were fed 10 kg of their assigned diet per day. The horses gained an average of 15 kg over the course of the 8-week study. No feed was refused in any of the trials and there were no signs of adverse reactions to any of the diets. The digestibilities of the four dietary components (DM, CP, ADF and GE) were not affected by horse or trial period. Dry matter and GE digestibilities increased (P<.05) as the almond hull content increased in the four diets (59, 63, 64 and 68% DM digestibility and 57, 61, 61 and 64% GE digestibility, respectively). Acid detergent fiber digestibility was not affected by almond hull content (39, 39, 39 and 42% digestibility, respectively) while CP digestibility decreased as the almond hull content increased in the four diets (69, 62, 66 and 56% digestibility, respectively). Almond hulls appear to be a safe and palatable feed for horses and can be fed up to levels of 45%.     

Feeding value of frost-damaged soybeans for lambs.

Three experiments were conducted to determine the relative feeding value of frost-damaged soybeans (FDS) for ruminants. Frost-damaged soybean ether-extract content was variable and differed (P less than .05) from mature soybeans. Isonitrogenous supplementation of corn silage diets with soybean meal (SBM), SBM+soybean oil (SBO), mature raw soybeans (MSB), and FDS was compared in sheep. Acid detergent fiber and apparent N digestion were lower (P less than .001) for supplements containing oil. Nitrogen retention was reduced (P less than .07) only for raw soybean supplements. Ruminal NH3 N and branched-chain VFA concentrations differed (P less than .01) between SBM and supplements containing oil. Maximum tolerable inclusion level of FDS in corn silage diets was tested in wethers using diets containing 0, 7, 14, or 21% FDS. Dry matter and ADF digestibility declined linearly (P less than .01) with increasing dietary FDS. Ether extract digestibility was unchanged due to treatment, but GE digestibility decreased quadratically (P less than .01). The most pronounced decline in GE digestibility occurred when FDS increased from 14 to 21% of the diet. The effects of FDS on corn silage utilization were similar to MSB effects. Oil content and antinutritional factors contributed to detrimental effects. Frost-damaged soybeans should not exceed 14% of corn silage diets fed to growing wethers.     

新疆5种藜科盐生植物的饲用价值

为了研究新疆5种藜科一年生盐生饲草红叶藜(Chenopodium rubrum)、野榆钱菠菜(Atriplex aucheri)、盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)、盐角草(Salicornia europaea)和高碱蓬(Suaeda altissima)的最佳刈割时期和相对饲用价值大小,对其3个不同生育时期(营养期、初花期和结实期)的营养成分含量进行测定分析。结果表明,5种植物在初花期营养价值最高,地上部生物量能够满足载畜需求,因此适宜在初花期开发利用;5种盐生饲草在初花期与苜蓿(Medicago sativa)相比,红叶藜的相对饲用价值最高,之后依次为野榆钱菠菜、盐地碱蓬、高碱蓬和盐角草。野榆钱菠菜、红叶藜和高碱蓬甜菜碱含量丰富,在7%左右,盐角草、红叶藜和野榆钱菠菜草酸盐含量超标。总之,这5种植物均具有一定的饲用开发利用价值,但盐分含量偏高不宜长期单一饲喂反刍动物。