一水肌酸及其组合添加物对生长育肥猪胴体组成与肉质相关指标的营养调控研究

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加一水肌酸(CMH)及其组合添加物对生长育肥猪胴体组成、肉质性状及代谢分子指标的影响,为进一步完善CMH在肉质营养调控中的应用提供参考。选择60～70 kg体重"杜×大×长"阉公猪100头,随机分为5组(每组20个重复,每个重复1头猪),分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、CMH饲粮(在基础饲粮中添加0.5 g/kg的CMH)、CMH+α-硫辛酸(ALA)饲粮(在基础饲粮中添加0.5 g/kg的CMH和0.1 g/kg的ALA)、CMH+牛磺酸(Tau)饲粮(在基础饲粮中添加0.5 g/kg的CMH和0.1 g/kg的Tau)和CMH+L-苹果酸(LMA)饲粮(在基础饲粮中添加0.5 g/kg的CMH和0.5 g/kg的LMA),饲养50 d后统一屠宰,采集样品并测定指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮添加CMH及其不同组合添加物均显著降低生长育肥猪背膘厚度(P0.05),有提高背最长肌水分和降低脂肪含量的趋势(P0.05); CMH+ALA饲粮和CMH+LMA饲粮显著增加生长育肥猪眼肌面积(P0.05); CMH饲粮和CMH+ALA饲粮显著降低生长育肥猪背最长肌滴水损失和压榨损失(P0.05); CMH饲粮和CMH+Tau饲粮显著提高生长育肥猪背最长肌肉色亮度和黄度值以及蒸煮损失(P0.05),显著降低肉色红度值(P0.05); CM H饲粮、CM H+ALA饲粮和CM H+Tau饲粮显著提高生长育肥猪背最长肌琥珀酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶活性、总抗氧化能力和肌酸储备量(P0.05),显著降低背最长肌乳酸含量(P0.05),并以CM H+ALA饲粮改变程度最大; CM H饲粮和CM H+ALA饲粮显著提高生长育肥猪背最长肌肌酸转运蛋白基因相对表达水平(P0.05),后者改变大于前者且显著提高背最长肌肌红蛋白和肌球蛋白重链Ⅱa基因相对表达水平(P0.05)。综合上述结果可知,饲粮添加CMH、CM H+ALA或Tau或LM A均能够降低生长育肥猪背膘厚度,其中CM H+ALA组合添加综合表现出更好的胴体和肉质改善作用,比单独添加CMH进一步提高了肌酸转运储备、氧化代谢能力、肌红蛋白表达和氧化型肌纤维比例等。     

品种和体重对猪肌肉生长抑制素表达的影响

本文旨在研究猪的体重和品种对其背最长肌的肌肉生长抑制素基因表达的影响,并对猪100kg时的胴体性状与肌肉肌肉生长抑制素基因表达量的相关性进行分析。试验采用荧光定量PCR方法,以β-actin基因为内标,研究不同体重(20、50和100kg)和品种(汉普夏猪和长白×撒坝猪)对猪背最长肌的肌肉生长抑制素基因表达的影响,同时考察试验猪在100kg时的胴体肉质指标。结果表明:①猪背最长肌中肌肉生长抑制素的表达随体重的增加呈上升的趋势(P>0.05);②相同体重条件下长撒猪背最长肌中肌肉生长抑制素表达均显著高于汉普夏猪(P<0.05),其中20kg时达到极显著水平(P<0.01);③肌肉生长抑制素的表达与瘦肉率呈极显著的负相关(P<0.01),与背膘厚则呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01),与滴水损失和肌内脂肪的相关性不显著(P>0.05)。本研究结果表明猪背最长肌的肌肉生长抑制素基因的表达量随体重增加而提高,品种间差异显著,并且肌肉生长抑制素基因的表达与瘦肉率、背膘厚存在显著的相关性。     

一水肌酸对杜浙猪肉质性状、肌肉磷酸原代谢、纤维类型特征及蛋白质溶解度的影响

本文旨在研究饲粮添加一水肌酸(CMH)对杜浙猪肉质性状、肌肉磷酸原代谢、纤维类型特征及蛋白质溶解性的影响。试验选取体重70 kg左右杜浙猪30头,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%CMH,试验期30 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,饲粮添加CMH对杜浙猪生长性能无显著影响(P0.05),使背最长肌宰后24 h p H和剪切力显著增加(P0.05),滴水损失和压榨损失显著降低(P0.05),背最长肌的肌酸(Cr)总量、磷酸肌酸(PCr)储备量、肌酸激酶(CK)活性、白蛋白及肌原纤维蛋白溶解度显著增加(P0.05),背最长肌肌球蛋白重链(My HC)Ⅱa mRNA比例显著降低(P0.05)。结果提示,饲粮添加CMH对杜浙猪肉质性状具有调控作用,对肌肉磷酸原代谢能力、蛋白质溶解度及肉品系水力产生显著影响。     

五指山猪与长白猪胴体性状和肉品质的比较研究

本试验对五指山猪和长白猪胴体性状、肉质性状、背最长肌氨基酸和脂肪酸含量进行了分析,旨在探讨五指山猪肉和长白猪肉的肉品质差异。结果表明,长白猪宰前重、胴体直长、胴体斜长、屠宰率、眼肌面积、平均背膘厚及瘦肉率均极显著高于五指山猪(P<0.01);五指山猪肌内脂肪含量极显著高于长白猪(P<0.01),pH、熟肉率、滴水损失和剪切力差异不显著(P>0.05);五指山猪肉的鲜味氨基酸、必需氨基酸、饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量均极显著高于长白猪(P<0.01)。因此,五指山猪肉品质优于长白猪。     

硒代蛋氨酸对肥育猪生产性能和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究硒代蛋氨酸对肥育猪生产性能和肉品质的影响.选用64头体重约60 kg的杜×长×大三元杂交肥育猪,随机分为4个处理,各处理饲粮中分别添加0(空白对照组)、0.15和0.30 mg/kg硒代蛋氨酸硒、0.30 mg/kg亚硒酸钠硒,试猪体重达95 kg左右结束试验.结果表明:1)饲粮添加不同水平硒代蛋氨酸或亚硒酸钠均未改善肥育猪平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比(P>0.05);2)饲粮添加不同水平硒代蛋氨酸或亚硒酸钠均未显著影响肥育猪背最长肌剪切力、肌内脂肪含量和滴水损失(P>0.05);各硒处理宰后12 h背最长肌pH均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,添加硒代蛋氨酸或亚硒酸钠显著降低了宰后不同时间点肉色亮度(L*)值(P<0.05),提高了肉色红度(α*)值(P<0.05),0.15 mg/kg硒代蛋氨酸硒处理也显著降低了宰后12 h肉色黄度(b*)值(P<0.05);3)添加0.30 mg/kg硒代蛋氨酸硒显著降低了背最长肌中乳酸含量(P<0.05);0.30 mg/kg硒代蛋氨酸硒处理和0.30 mg/kg亚硒酸钠硒处理的氧合肌红蛋白含量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)和显著高于0.15 mg/kg硒代蛋氨酸硒组(P<0.05).以上试验结果提示,在肥育猪日粮中添加0.15～0.30 mg/kg硒代蛋氨酸硒对改善猪肉肉色十分有利.     

发酵豆粕对肥育黑猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质和肌内氨基酸含量的影响

为研究发酵豆粕对肥育黑猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质及肌内氨基酸含量的影响,试验选择50头(78.9±2.0) kg肥育黑猪(杜洛克♂×苏紫黑猪♀),随机分为对照组和发酵豆粕组,每组5个重复,每个重复5头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,发酵豆粕组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加8%发酵豆粕的饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)试验组肥育黑猪生长性能无显著变化(P0.05);2)试验组肥育黑猪眼肌面积显著增加(P0.05);3)试验组肥育黑猪背最长肌的肌肉红度a*极显著增加(P0.01),肉色评分显著升高(P0.05),背最长肌肌肉滴水损失显著降低(P0.05),同时肌肉剪切力极显著降低(P0.01);4)试验组肥育黑猪背最长肌缬氨酸、谷氨酸和组氨酸含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加发酵豆粕可以改善肥育黑猪胴体性状和猪肉品质,提高猪肉营养价值。     

肉质调控剂应用效果试验

为验证肉质调控剂(MQCA)在养猪生产中的实际使用效果,选择体重60kg左右的杜大长三元杂种猪224头,随机分成2组,每组设4个重复,每个重复28头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加0.2%的MQCA。经过32天饲养试验后,分别从每组中随机选取体重90kg左右的试验猪12头(母猪和阉公猪各半)进行屠宰测定。结果表明,MQCA对生长肥育猪的生长性能有一定影响,平均日增重提高3.78%(P>0.05),平均料重比降低1.75%(P>0.05);MQCA具有明显提高胴体性状的作用,试验组屠宰率提高1.47%(P=0.07),瘦肉率提高3.90%(P<0.05),眼肌面积提高10.12%(P<0.05),背膘厚下降11.90%(P<0.05);宰后24h的滴水损失降低13.36%(P<0.01),明显改善肉色(P<0.01),对宰后45min背最长肌的pH影响不大,4℃贮存初期试验组背最长肌的氧化程度(TBA值)比对照组低17.89%(P=0.056),4℃贮存2、4、6天后,试验组背最长肌TBA值明显低于对照组,分别比对照组低45.0%(P<0.05)、20.0%(P<0.05)和19.3%(P<0.05)。     

饲粮异亮氨酸水平对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮异亮氨酸水平对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响。选取体重为(77.0±0.1)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交去势公猪72头,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头猪。3组试验猪分别饲喂含0.25%(低异亮氨酸水平,表现为异亮氨酸缺乏,L-Ile组)、0.39%(NRC推荐异亮氨酸水平,N-Ile组,作为对照组)和0.53%(高异亮氨酸水平,表现为异亮氨酸超量添加,H-Ile组)标准回肠可消化异亮氨酸的饲粮。试验期为28 d。结果表明:饲粮异亮氨酸水平对肥育猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量没有显著影响(P0.05),但L-Ile组料重比较对照组显著增加(P0.05);随着饲粮异亮氨酸水平的增加,肥育猪背最长肌肌内脂肪含量线性提高(P0.05),而剪切力线性下降(P0.05);与对照组相比,采食异亮氨酸缺乏饲粮的肥育猪的背膘厚、眼肌面积和肉色评分显著降低(P0.05),采食异亮氨酸缺乏或超量添加饲粮的肥育猪的热胴体重、屠宰率以及背最长肌滴水损失和黄度值均显著降低(P0.05);随着饲粮异亮氨酸水平的增加,血清甘油三酯含量线性提高(P0.05),血清尿素氮含量线性下降(P0.05);与对照组相比,采食异亮氨酸超量添加饲粮的肥育猪的血清葡萄糖含量显著增加(P0.05),采食异亮氨酸缺乏饲粮的肥育猪的血清中游离的必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和总氨基酸的浓度显著降低(P0.05),而采食异亮氨酸缺乏或超量添加饲粮的肥育猪血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白含量均显著降低(P0.05)。由此得出,饲粮中异亮氨酸缺乏对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肌内脂肪含量有负面影响,而超量添加异亮氨酸会显著改善肌肉的剪切力和滴水损失,增加肌内脂肪含量,但会以降低热胴体重、屠宰率为代价。     

持续高温应激对肥育猪生产性能、胴体性状、背最长肌营养物质含量及肌纤维特性的影响

本试验旨在研究持续30℃的环境高温应激对肥育猪生产性能、胴体性状、背最长肌质构分析、营养物质含量及肌纤维特性的影响.试验选取8窝共24头体重为(79.0±1.5) kg的“杜长大”三元阉公猪,其中每3头来自同一窝的猪只随机分到3组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头,3组分别为对照组(22℃适温+自由采食)、高温应激组(30℃高温+自由采食)和采食量配对组(22℃适温+采食量配对),试验期21d.结果表明:1)持续高温应激显著降低肥育猪平均日增重(ADG) (P＜0.05),极显著降低肥育猪平均日采食量(ADFI) (P＜0.01).2)3组之间的肥育猪胴体重、胴体长、平均背膘厚和皮厚均差异不显著(P＞0.05),高温应激组肥育猪背最长肌大理石花纹评分在宰后24 h有低于对照组的趋势(P＜0.10).3)高温应激组肥育猪背最长肌的剪切力极显著高于对照组和采食量配对组(P＜0.01).与采食量配对组相比,高温应激组肥育猪背最长肌胶黏性和硬度有降低的趋势(P＜0.10).4)高温应激组和采食量配对组肥育猪背最长肌粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),且2组的背最长肌肌内脂肪(IMF)含量极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).5)高温应激组肥育猪背最长肌Ⅰ型肌纤维含量有低于采食量配对组的趋势(P＜0.10),采食量配对组的Ⅱx型肌纤维含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).由此可见,肥育后期高温应激会改变猪表观肉品质和肌肉营养物质含量.     

荣昌猪和长荣猪肌肉生长抑制素基因表达规律的研究

为了研究荣昌猪和长荣猪胴体瘦肉率和骨骼肌肌肉生长抑制素(MSTN)基因表达量的变化规律,试验采用2×2因子试验设计,荣昌猪和长荣猪(两种基因型猪)分别饲喂按中国瘦肉型猪饲养标准和荣昌猪饲养标准配制的日粮,共4个处理,每个处理6个重复,在20 kg、35 kg、50 kg、80 kg和110 kg时每个重复屠宰1头。结果表明:荣昌猪和长荣猪的瘦肉率随体重的增加呈降低的趋势,背最长肌中MSTN基因的表达量呈上升的趋势;在相同体重条件下,荣昌猪的胴体瘦肉率显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)地低于长荣猪,其背最长肌中MSTN基因表达均明显高于长荣猪,而日粮营养水平及品种×营养水平交互作用对猪胴体品质和MSTN基因的表达量没有明显影响(P>0.05)。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -