稻田生态系统中褐飞虱卵寄生蜂的种类

卵寄生是褐冰虱的重要自然天敌。本文从稻田周围禾本科杂草上收集到飞虱卵寄生蜂２９种,但能寄生褐飞虱卵的寄生蜂只有２０种,分属２个科,７个属。其中缨小蜂科１１种,赤眼蜂科９种。缨小蜂占卵寄生蜂总数的８２．４－９７．６％,而赤眼蜂只占小部分。     

稻褐飞虱最佳综合防治配套技术模式研究与推广

稻褐飞虱最佳综合防治配套技术模式研究与推广湖北省植保总站胡兴启，顾卫东监利县植保站宋敦砚，谭世俊水稻是我省主要粮食作物，常年种植面积２５３．３万ｈｍ２。褐飞虱是其主要害虫之一，８０年代后期以来，大发生的频率逐年加大，１９９１年全省发生面积１２６．８万...     

褐飞虱和白背飞虱在抗褐飞虱水稻品种上的行为反应

以ASD7、IR36、粳籼89(JX89)、Mudgo四个抗褐飞虱水稻品种和感性品种TN1为材料,比较了褐飞虱和白背飞虱在这些品种上的行为反应。褐飞虱对抗性品种表现出明显的非嗜好性。褐飞虱自4h、白背飞虱自8h以后,各品种上的着虫量与TN1差异显著,而其它各品种上的虫量无明显差异(Mudgo除外)。白背飞虱选择各抗性品种的百分率明显大于褐飞虱(Mudgo除外);同一水稻品种上的稻飞虱数量无时间上的规律性。两种稻飞虱在抗性品种和TN1上的取食量差异显著。取食同一品种时,白背飞虱在IR36、JX89上的取食量大于褐飞虱,且相互间差异显著。两种稻飞虱在四个抗性品种上的取食痕数量明显多于TN1;两种飞虱在ASD7和JX89上的取食痕数量差异显著,白背飞虱的数量明显少于褐飞虱。在所有水稻品种上的取食痕数量与取食量呈明显的负相关关系。     

几种农药防治大龄高密度褐飞虱田间药效试验

试验结果表明:80%烯啶虫胺.吡蚜酮WG施用20g/667m2,对高密度大龄褐飞虱有显著防效,药后3d、7d和14d防效分别达到81.51%、99.03%和99.54%;10%烯啶虫胺AS施用160g/667m2,药后3d、7d和14d防效分别达到70.6%、96.21%和97.93%,均优于25%吡蚜酮WP 32g/667m2、10g/L醚菊酯SC120g/667m2、80%敌敌畏EC160g/667m2+25%噻嗪酮WP120g/667m2,且对水稻安全,适宜水稻中后期爆发的高密度大龄褐飞虱防治。     

褐飞虱协同纹枯病发生的观察

褐飞虱协同纹枯病发生的观察吴和生，李瑛（江苏省东台市农业局植保站２２４２００）范凤山，邹德良，崔世庆，常春，顾生权（东台市农业技术推广中心梁垛农技站）褐飞虱Ｎｉｌａｐａｒｖａｔａｌｕｇｅｎｓ（ｓｔａｌ）、纹枯病Ｐｅｌｌｉｃｕｌａｒｉａｓａｓａｋｉｉ是...     

泰兴市褐飞虱发生演变规律及防治对策

分析研究泰兴市植保资料,得出泰兴市近年来褐飞虱发生呈现暴发频率增加,危害严重、迁入期早、迁入峰次多和繁殖快等特点,其原因在于虫源、气候、栽培等因素,在此基础上提出要加强虫情监测和技术研究,坚持治前控后和科学防治等防控对策。     

褐飞虱的发生危害规律及治理措施

褐飞虱自1973年在大冶市水稻发生危害至今32年,只有1974年和2005年特大发生,其余年份间隙发生。笔者曾于1975年和1976年参与全国褐飞虱研究协作网,承担褐飞虱田间系统调查、室内饲养观察等任务。经多年实践,初步掌握了褐飞虱的发生为害规律,并摸索出了一套行之有效的治理措施。     

2004年德化县中稻褐飞虱大发生特点及防治对策

褐飞虱是我县中稻穗期的重要害虫，第5代为主害代，5、6月份受异地虫源迁入影响,经2、3代繁殖,成为第4代主要虫源，褐飞虱前期迁入早、多量多,寄主抗虫性弱,有利穗期飞虱猖獗，采取“压前控后”的防治策略,在若虫盛发期选用阿克泰、吡虫啉、扑虱灵喷施可取得良好效果。     

稻田飞虱灾变与环境调控

鉴于近年我国稻飞虱危害加剧的现状,本文依据浙江嘉兴病虫测报站历年观测圃调查资料,以长三角稻区为重点,回顾了我国灰飞虱、褐飞虱和白背飞虱等三种稻飞虱灾变历史,探讨了稻飞虱灾变与环境因素,特别是农业技术变化的关系,提出了通过改善栽培制度、调整种植时间、选育抗性品种和管理化学投入等农业技术为基础的环境调控治理策略。     

杀虫剂诱导褐飞虱再猖獗的原因分析

杀虫剂诱导褐飞虱再猖獗的原因分析陈建明（浙江省农业科学院植保所杭州３１００２１）褐飞虱ＮｉｌａｐａｒｖａｔａＩｕｇｅｎｉｓＳｔａｌ是我国及许多亚洲国家当前水稻生产上的首要害虫之一。目前，在褐飞虱的综合治理中化学防治仍然是一项不可缺少的措施，不少稻区由...     

RNA interference in Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) based on dsRNA ingestion

BACKGROUND: An efficient and convenient RNA interference (RNAi) technique involving double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) ingestion is useful for gene function studies of non‐model insects. RESULTS: Three dsRNAs targeting different sites within a gene encoding vacuolar ATP synthase subunit E (V‐ATPase‐E, 21E01) were synthesised for RNAi in Nilaparvata lugens. dsRNA was found to be stable in 0.1 g mL^?1 sucrose solution, but unstable in artificial fodder. Therefore, dsRNAs were orally delivered into N. lugens in 0.1 g mL^?1 sucrose solution. RNAi was induced by all three of the dsRNAs at 0.05 µg µL^?1 in N. lugens. Time dynamics analysis of gene silencing indicated that significant suppression of the target gene began as early as 2 days after ingestion of ds2‐21E01 and ds3‐21E01. However, significant repressive effects were recorded up to 10 days after exposure to ds1‐21E01. The maximum reduction in target gene mRNA was observed after 10 days of treatment, with suppression ratios induced by ds1‐21E01, ds2‐21E01 and ds3‐21E01 of 41, 55 and 48% respectively. CONCLUSION: An efficient and convenient RNAi technique involving dsRNA ingestion has been successfully developed for N. lugens. This will be a useful tool for further functional genomic investigation in this organism. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

褐飞虱自噬相关基因NlATG4的表达与功能

ATG4是一种半胱氨酸蛋白酶,负责ATG8蛋白羧基末端的切割,在自噬体形成过程中发挥重要作用。本研究克隆得到褐飞虱ATG4基因（NlATG4）的cDNA全长序列（GenBank登录号:MF062502.1）。RT-qPCR分析结果表明,NlATG4基因在褐飞虱的若虫和成虫时期均有表达,1～2龄若虫的表达量最高,在其他发育阶段的表达量稍低。RNAi结果显示,在dsRNA注射后的第4d,靶标基因NlATG4的表达量显著下降（仅为dsGFP对照组的22%）,同时,NlATG4的RNA干扰导致虫体ATP含量显著降低,仅为1.0μmol/(L·mg蛋白-1),为对照组的25%;在注射后的第6d,dsNlATG4处理组的褐飞虱存活率出现显著降低,其脂肪体组织变得松散,大型脂滴（直径≥5.0μm）数量增多,类酵母共生菌周围泡状结构的界限基本消失;在注射后的第8 d,dsNlATG4处理的褐飞虱的存活率下降为36.7%,比dsGFP对照组的存活率下降53.3%。本研究表明靶向NlATG4基因的RNA干扰会破坏褐飞虱脂肪体的结构完整性和类酵母共生菌的微环境,影响脂类物质代谢和ATP含量,并导致褐飞虱存活...     

褐飞虱两个酚氧化酶原基因的特性及细菌诱导后的表达分析

为探讨褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens（Stål）酚氧化酶原基因的发育表达模式及生物学功能,利用转录组数据和RACE方法获得两条褐飞虱酚氧化酶原基因NlPPO1（GenBank No.：ALE32751）和NlPPO2（GenBank No.：ALE32752）全长序列,褐飞虱NlPPO1全长为2316 bp,CDS编码区为2073 bp,编码690氨基酸;NlPPO2全长为2738 bp,CDS编码区为2100 bp,编码699氨基酸。通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测NlPPO的发育表达模式及注射细菌诱导后NlPPO的表达量变化。发育表达模式结果显示,NlPPO1和NlPPO2在肠中都有较高的表达水平,而NlPPO1在表皮细胞表达量最低,NlPPO2在脂肪体表达量最低;在5龄幼虫阶段NlPPO1随时间增加表达量增加,NlPPO2表达量则维持相对较高水平;在成虫阶段NlPPO1表达量维持在较低水平,NlPPO2随时间增加表达量降低。注射大肠杆菌诱导NlPPO结果表明,诱导24 h后,NlPPO1表达量显著升高,NlPPO2表达量变化差异不显著;注射枯草芽胞杆菌诱导NlPPO结果表明,诱导24 h后,NlPPO1和NlPPO2表达量都显著升高。研究结果显示褐飞虱NlPPO1和NlPPO2的发育表达模式存在差异,对不同菌诱导免疫应答也存在差异,暗示二者具有不同的生物学功能。该结果为进一步探索酚氧化酶原在褐飞虱对病原菌的免疫响应机制奠定基础。     

杀菌剂与吡虫啉混合配剂对褐飞虱种群增长的影响

褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens Stål是亚洲国家水稻产区的主要害虫,其腹部脂肪体内存在大量类酵母共生菌（Yeast-like symbiotes,YLS）。YLS对褐飞虱的生长发育和繁殖起着至关重要的作用。以YLS为靶标,通过抑制褐飞虱体内YLS从而控制褐飞虱的发生必将是今后有效防治褐飞虱的新途径。前期研究表明,与单一的化学杀虫剂相比,杀虫剂和杀菌剂的混配制剂因能有效抑制褐飞虱体内YLS的数量从而导致褐飞虱更高的死亡率。本研究利用生命表和Morris-Watt数学模型分析了27%丰加霉素&四霉素P&四烯菌素B&四霉素A和75%肟菌酯&戊唑醇分别与吡虫啉的混合配剂对褐飞虱种群增长影响。结果表明,2种混合配剂处理后褐飞虱体内YLS的数量均明显下降,且褐飞虱种群增长指数显著低于吡虫啉处理组,混合配剂对褐飞虱的抑制作用主要表现在卵孵化期和成虫产卵期。本研究结果为褐飞虱防治提供了新的思路和方法。     

Buprofezin susceptibility survey, resistance selection and preliminary determination of the resistance mechanism in Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

BACKGROUND: Buprofezin has been used for many years to control Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Assessment of susceptibility change in the insect is essential for maintaining control efficiency and resistance management. RESULTS: Eleven‐year surveys showed that most field populations were susceptible before 2004. However, substantially higher levels of resistance (up to 28‐fold) were found in most of the rice fields in China after 2004. A field population was collected and periodically selected for buprofezin resistance in the laboratory. After 65 generations (56 were selected), the colony successfully obtained 3599‐fold resistance to buprofezin. Synergism tests showed that O,O‐diethyl‐O‐phenyl phosphorothioate (SV1), piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) increased buprofezin toxicity in the resistant strain by only 1.5–1.6 fold, suggesting that esterases, P450‐monooxygenases and glutathione S‐transferases had no substantial effect on buprofezin resistance development. CONCLUSION: The results from this study indicate that N. lugens has the potential to develop high resistance to buprofezin. A resistance management program with rotation of buprofezin and other pesticides may efficiently delay or slow down resistance development in the insect. Further investigation is also necessary to understand the resistance mechanisms in N. lugens. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

褐飞虱clip丝氨酸蛋白酶基因NlCSP4的克隆及功能分析

Clip丝氨酸蛋白酶（clip-domainserineprotease,CSP）是广泛存在于昆虫体内的一类结构保守、功能多样的蛋白质水解酶类,在昆虫生长、发育和免疫等诸多生理过程中发挥重要功能。本研究克隆并鉴定获得一个褐飞虱CSP编码基因NlCSP4(GenBank登录号：OK018340）,其cDNA序列全长1911bp,编码636个氨基酸,预测蛋白质分子量为69.29kD,等电点为9.02。NlCSP4蛋白N端包含一段由25个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽和一段由44个氨基酸残基组成的clip结构域,C端具有CSP蛋白家族典型的Tryp＿SPc结构域,且其中包含特异性保守的His-Asp-Ser催化中心三元件。系统发育分析表明NlCSP4与其他同属半翅目昆虫的CSP在NJ进化树上聚为一支,而与鳞翅目昆虫CSP亲缘关系较远。qRT-PCR分析显示,NlCSP4基因表达具有明显的时空特异性,其在雌成虫中的表达量最高,且高龄若虫期（4龄和5龄）表达量显著高于卵期和1～3龄若虫期;NlCSP4基因在褐飞虱雌成虫脂肪体、肠道和卵巢中均有表达,且在脂肪体中表达量最高;金黄色葡萄球菌（革兰氏阳性细菌）...     

褐飞虱抗药性机理及其治理研究进展

褐飞虱是一种重要的农业害虫,其对许多杀虫剂都产生了抗药性。化学药剂的大量不合理使用是导致褐飞虱产生抗药性的主要原因。褐飞虱的抗药性机理主要包括代谢抗性和靶标抗性。本文对褐飞虱的抗药性机理进行了综述,并对该虫的抗性治理进行了探讨。褐飞虱的抗性治理策略应包括抗性监测、使用新型药剂、合理使用杀虫剂及抗虫品种等。     

Inheritance mode and realized heritability of resistance to imidacloprid in the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

BACKGROUND: The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is a serious pest that causes enormous losses to the rice crop in Asia. The genetic basis of imidacloprid resistance was investigated in N. lugens. RESULTS: The resistant strain, selected for imidacloprid resistance from a field population of N. lugens collected from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, showed a 964‐fold resistance compared with the laboratory strain. Progenies of reciprocal crosses (F₁ and F₁′) showed similar dose–mortality responses (LC₅₀) to imidacloprid, and also exhibited a similar degree of dominance (D), 0.58 for F₁ and 0.63 for F₁′. Chi‐square analyses of self‐bred and backcross progenies (F₂, F₂′ and BC respectively) rejected the hypothesis for a single gene control of the resistance. The estimated realized heritability (h²) of imidacloprid resistance was 0.1141 in the resistant strain of N. lugens. CONCLUSION: The results showed that imidacloprid resistance in N. lugens was autosomal and was expressed as an incompletely dominant trait, probably controlled by multiple genes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry