食物引诱剂防治柑桔大实蝇效果分析

2014年用柑桔大实蝇食物引诱剂对大实蝇进行防治试验,结果表明,食物引诱剂对大实蝇的防治效果好,食物引诱剂是一种理想的绿色防控药剂。     

引诱剂对实蝇类害虫的诱捕效果

实蝇类害虫为世界重要的果树蔬菜害虫,广泛为害各种果蔬产品,造成巨大损失,已知世界上重要实蝇种类害虫有以下数种。小条实蝇属 Ceratitis Macleay 包括:地中海实蝇 Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann 分布于西南非洲,欧洲南部,近东,澳洲西南部,夏威夷及中南美     

引诱剂对蜜柑大实蝇的诱捕效果

本文报道了采用国际通用的监测技术,利用橘小实蝇、瓜实蝇、地中海实蝇引诱剂和水解蛋白诱饵,在广西凭祥市确定存在蜜柑大实蝇的果园开展了针对性的诱捕;诱捕结果表明,瓜实蝇引诱剂和水解蛋白诱饵能够诱捕到蜜柑大实蝇成虫,且水解蛋白诱饵比瓜实蝇引诱剂诱捕效果好.     

不同引诱剂对柑桔小实蝇的诱杀效果试验

采用5种不同引诱剂对柑桔小实蝇进行诱杀效果试验.结果表明,果实蝇性引诱剂分别添加甜酒酿原液、红糖液、米醋王原液后都能增强诱杀效果,但添加甜酒酿原液增效较明显,是一种既经济又增效的混配型引诱剂.而甜酒酿原液、红糖液、米醋王原液3种混合液对柑桔小实蝇诱杀效果较低,但它能诱杀到柑桔小实蝇雌成虫,值得进一步研究探讨.     

柑桔大实蝇辐照成虫对两种引诱剂的敏感性

为了明确柑桔大实蝇Bactrocera minax(Enderlein)辐照成虫和田间自然发生的成虫对引诱剂的敏感性差异,指导柑桔大实蝇辐照不育技术的有效利用,在田间释放柑桔大实蝇辐照成虫,以常用引诱剂桔丰和果瑞特同期进行诱集监测。监测结果显示,辐照显著降低了柑桔大实蝇成虫对桔丰和果瑞特的敏感性。在柑桔大实蝇成虫发生高峰期桔丰诱集到辐照成虫的数量仅为诱集总虫量的2.6%-11.6%,果瑞特为5.0%-50.0%;桔丰诱集到的辐照雌性成虫的数量仅为诱集的所有雌性成虫数量的4.4%-11.8%,果瑞特为33.7%-50.0%;桔丰诱集到的辐照雄性成虫的数量仅为诱集的所有雄性成虫的5.3%-11.4%,而果瑞特始终未能诱集到辐照雄性成虫。此外,辐照缩短了柑桔大实蝇成虫对常用引诱剂趋向性的持续时间。研究结果对柑桔大实蝇辐照不育技术与诱集诱杀技术的协调应用具有重要指导意义。     

引诱剂在综合防治桔小实蝇作用中的评估

以使用引诱剂为主 ,坚持在杨桃园挂引诱笼 2 - 3年后 ,大量降低田间桔小实蝇BactroceradorsalisHendel雄虫数量和卵的受精率 ,配合其它的综防措施 ,防效逐年提高。三个综防点试验实践表明 :杨桃每果虫口数 ,卵孵化率及受害果率大大降低 ,防效达 92 5%。对桔小实蝇的防治初见成效。     

合肥地区检疫性实蝇监测调查

应用实蝇引诱剂和诱饵，在安徽合肥地区实蝇的适生区设点诱捕实蝇，调查合肥地区检疫性实蝇的发生情况。结果表明：合肥地区发生的检疫性实蝇种类仅为具条实绳，其发生高峰期在每年8月份，发生程度逐年加重，瓜实蝇诱剂对其诱集效果较好。     

重要果蔬类有害实蝇概论（双翅目：实蝇科）

本篇根据国内外近期研究的结果，结合我国的国情，对重要果蔬类实蝇害虫的类群、寄主植物和地理分布、生物学习性与传播途径、危害性和经济意义、实蝇引诱剂、实蝇害虫的监测和植检措施以及防治和根除法等七个方面分别概述。希望能对从事本领域研究和实际工作的植保、植检人员有所帮助，并引起社会各界对实蝇虫害问题的关注。     

重要果蔬菜有害虫实蝇概论：双翅目：实蝇科

本篇根据国内外近期研究的结果，结合我国的国情，对重要果蔬菜实蝇害虫的类群，寄主植物和地理分布、生物学习性与传播途径、危害性和经济意义，实蝇引诱剂、实蝇害虫的监测和植检措施以及防治和根除法等七个方面分别概述，希望能对从事本领域研究和实际工作的植保、植检人员有所帮助，并引起社会各界对实蝇虫害虫问题的关注。     

新西兰地中海实蝇发生和防治

新西兰地中海实蝇发生和防治梁广勤１张遵雄２郭汉弟３１．（广州动植物检疫局５１００１０）２．（国家动植物检疫局１０００２６）３．（农业部国际合作司１０００２６）地中海实蝇，原产非洲，现已分布世界五大洲，在欧洲和地中海地区、澳大利亚和中美及南美的大部分地...     

Feeding and attraction of non-target flies to spinosad-based fruit fly bait

A spinosad-based fruit fly bait, GF-120, has recently become a primary tool for area-wide suppression or eradication of pest tephritid fruit flies. The present study assessed the attraction and feeding of five non-target fly species to GF-120 in Hawaii. These non-target flies include three beneficial tephritid species [Eutreta xanthochaeta (Aldrich), Tetreuaresta obscuriventris (Loew), Ensina sonchi (L.)] introduced for weed biological control, an endemic Hawaiian tephritid [Trupanea dubautiae (Bryan)] (all Diptera: Tephritidae) and the cosmopolitan Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae). All five non-target fly species were susceptible to GF-120, as was the target pest Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Feeding on, or even brief tasting of, GF-120 killed all fly species within 2 h. When individual flies were provided with a choice of GF-120 or honey solution, there was no difference in the frequency of first food encounter by E. xanthochaeta, D. melanogaster or C. capitata. The other three non-target species approached honey more often than GF-120 in their first food encounter. Feeding times on GF-120 and honey were not significantly different for D. melanogaster and C. capitata, while the other four non-target species fed longer on honey than on GF-120. There was no significant difference in feeding time on honey versus GF-120 between males and females of each species. These results suggest that area-wide treatment using GF-120 for the purpose of eradication of pest fruit flies has potential negative impacts on these and other non-target fly species in Hawaii.     

Evaluation of lure dispensers for fruit fly surveillance in New Zealand

BACKGROUND: Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) represent a major biosecurity threat to the horticulture sector of New Zealand, which is entirely free of these invasive pests. A nationwide surveillance programme is conducted to ensure any incursion is detected as early as possible. A review of the lure dispensers used is reported here. RESULTS: Lure dispenser emission trials found that the currently used lure plugs release lure more slowly under New Zealand subtropical to temperate climates than wafer dispensers. Subsequent trapping experiments at high altitude in Hawaii (as a mimic of New Zealand meteorological and expected fruit fly ecological conditions) compared Lynfield traps baited with the existing lure plug dispensers and newer wafer dispensers. Catches of wild Oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), were 9.5-fold higher with methyl eugenol wafers than with the plugs. Recaptures of sterile melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet), were 2.6-fold higher with cuelure wafers than with the plugs. Recaptures of sterile Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata Weid., were not significantly higher with trimedlure wafers than with the plugs.CONCLUSIONS: Release rate and trapping experiments found new lure dispensers differed in release rate characteristics from existing dispensers under temperate and subtropical conditions, and indicated some potential for improvement in surveillance efficacy.     

Slug control in Australian canola: monitoring, molluscicidal baits and economic thresholds

Exotic slugs have become serious pests of canola, at establishment, in Southern Australian high-rainfall cropping zones. Slugs were monitored using relatively inexpensive 300 mm x 300 mm terracotta tiles acting as refuges. An investigation was made of the effects of the time of application of chelated iron baits on the slug species Deroceras reticulatum Müller and Lehmannia nyctelia Bourguignat. Baits reduced the number of surface-active slug species. A single application at sowing provided greater efficacy than one application before sowing, and efficacy was comparable with that of two applications. Canola seedling densities showed a negative response to D. reticulatum numbers; the presence of even one individual per refuge trap reduced seedling numbers below optimum densities. Thistles and other vegetation were associated with increased numbers of slugs. European guidelines for slug monitoring and damage appear to be at least partly applicable to Australian conditions.     

杨梅果蝇综合防治技术研究

从农业、物理、生物防治的角度出发,对昆明地区为害杨梅的果蝇进行综合防治技术研究,结果表明,果蝇对颜色无明显趋性,对气味较敏感,对水、糖、醋、酒比例为10∶6∶3∶1的糖醋液趋性最强;生物源杀虫剂0.3%印楝素乳油300倍液、600倍液,2.5%多杀菌素悬浮剂600倍液对为害杨梅的果蝇均具有较好防效,且对果品安全;及时清除地上落果并运出果园集中处理,也是较好的农业防治措施。     

Reducing sodium fluoroacetate and fluoroacetamide concentrations in field rodent baits

Laboratory trials were carried out in order to establish the minimum active ingredient (a.i.) concentration of sodium fluoroacetate (1080) and of fluoroacetamide (1081) in wheat baits employed againstMicrotus guentheri, the Levant vole, andMeriones tristrami, Tristram’s jird, without interfering with the toxicants’ efficacy. Using a mixture of treated and untreated grain enabled a greater reduction in the a.i. concentration compared with that which could be achieved whenall the grains offered contained a lower a.i. concentration of the toxicants. ForM. tristrami the lowest efficient final a.i. concentration in the bait was 0.0125% for 1080 mixed bait (1:4 mixture of 0.05% poison grains with filler grains) and 0.01% for 1081 mixed bait (1:10 mixture of 0.1% poison grains with filler grains); and forM. guentheri — 0.005% mixed bait of 1080 or 1081 (1:10 mixture of 0.05% poison grains with filler grains). This leads to a reduction of the hazards involved in the use of prepared baits of these toxicants in the field.