广州扶桑上发现扶桑绵粉蚧

扶桑绵粉蚧(Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley)是我国最近在扶桑上发现的一种害虫,其寄主植物除扶桑外,还取食包括棉花、番木瓜、西红柿等重要农业经济作物在内的14个科的植物.扶桑绵粉蚧起源于美国,后逐步扩散到中、南美洲和非洲,目前在印度和巴基斯坦已有报道.本文报道了该虫的生物学和形态鉴定特征.     

扶桑绵粉蚧的检疫与控制

扶桑绵粉蚧是我国新发现的重要的农林害虫,对我国农林业生产构成很大威胁。本文详细介绍了扶桑绵粉蚧的危害特点、国外的分布和我国调查的分布范围、适生区域以及列为进境、农业、林业植物检疫性有害生物的过程等,并提出了加强口岸检疫把关、严格国内调运检疫、加强对发生区的检疫控制等防控措施。     

扶桑绵粉蚧辐照处理研究

为了寻求扶桑绵粉蚧有效除害处理方法,本文测定了γ-射线不同辐照剂量对该虫发育繁殖的影响,结果表明:随着辐照剂量的增加,各虫龄继续发育的比例明显降低;相同剂量水平下,各虫龄对辐照的耐受性随虫龄增大而增强,以3龄若虫和成虫的耐受性最强;大规模辐照测定表明,采用130Gy可有效阻止3龄若虫和雌成虫后代的发育繁殖。     

5种药剂对入侵新害虫扶桑绵粉蚧的防治效果

扶桑绵粉蚧作为一种新的入侵害虫,具有潜在危害性,国内尚无科学的防控技术,为了科学防控此害虫,选择5种常用药剂进行防治效果研究,结果表明:40%劲克介EC、40%氧化乐果EC和48%乐斯本EC都是比较理想防治药剂。     

扶桑绵粉蚧及其近似种的形态鉴定

扶桑绵粉蚧是一种重要的外来入侵害虫,其分布广、寄主植物多,虫体小,发生危害隐蔽,并与其近似种混合交叉发生危害,野外识别鉴定困难,易暴发成灾,难于防控。本文通过野外调查,采集到多个扶桑绵粉蚧及其近似种石蒜绵粉蚧和双条拂粉蚧。通过制作玻片标本,分别从触角、眼、口器、足、腹脐、刺孔群、盘孔、管腺和体毛等部位比较了3种粉蚧的玻片显微特征以及野外活虫虫体特征,为检疫工作人员快速识别该虫及其近似种提供参考。     

溴甲烷对扶桑绵粉蚧的熏蒸处理研究

为建立扶桑绵粉蚧溴甲烷熏蒸处理方法,本文测定了溴甲烷熏蒸2h对扶桑绵粉蚧各虫龄的致死毒力。用机率值分析表明:各虫龄对溴甲烷敏感性不同,以1龄若虫对药剂最敏感,以3龄若虫耐药性最强;在20℃和29.5℃下3龄若虫达到99%死亡率所需CT值分别为44.09 g.h/m3和29.77 g.h/m3,其对应的LC99分别为28.09 g/m3和18.10 g/m3。验证实验表明在21～25℃下以剂量38g/m3,在26～30℃下以剂量25 g/m3熏蒸2h各供试虫龄死亡率均达到100%,该指标可为扶桑绵粉蚧安全检疫处理提供参考。     

新疆扶桑绵粉蚧疫情发生、处置及思考

本文介绍了 2010年以来扶桑绵粉蚧在新疆的重大发生情况,以及自治区各级农业部门及其所属检疫机构对其采取的处置措施.并从以往对扶桑绵粉蚧的处置过程也得出一些启示,希望能为今后做好扶桑绵粉蚧防控工作提供一些借鉴.     

浙江省云和县扑灭扶桑绵粉蚧措施和经验

扶桑绵粉蚧是近年新入侵我国的有害生物,也是国家农业部、林业局列入重大农林植物检疫性有害生物之一。云和县自2009年11月发现后,立即启动了重大农业植物疫情防控应急预案,落实了各项防控扑灭措施,经2年的努力,该疫情得到了有效遏制,防控工作取得了显著的成效。本文论述了云和县扶桑绵粉蚧防控工作的措施和经验。     

基于生物量的扶桑绵粉蚧虫口当量研究及其应用

测定了以棉花为食料的扶桑绵粉蚧1龄若虫、2龄若虫、3龄若虫、4～5日龄和12～14日龄雌成虫的生物量。结果表明,随着不断发育,该虫虫体质量呈加速度增大趋势,3龄若虫后进入了快速增长期,12～14日龄时即将产仔前达到最大。建立了虫体重(Y)与虫态(X)之间的方程为Y=0.030 4X3.5552。提出了以3龄若虫为基准的虫口当量指标体系,并进行了示范。     

扶桑绵粉蚧超微结构扫描电镜观察

采用扫描电镜技术研究扶桑绵粉蚧(Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsiley)泌蜡腺体、蜡泌物、触角、足、腹部的超微结构.结果显示,扶桑绵粉蚧的主要分泌蜡腺体为管腺和三格腺;触角感受器主要为毛状感受器;口器喙着生6对刺形感受器;足及爪冠着生刺形感受器;腹部主要分布毛状感受器,三格腺和管腺分布较多.     

New record of invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Turkey

This short note reports the first record of the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Turkey. It was found on ornamental plants in the city center of Adana (Mediterranean region), but could be a threat to cotton production in the country.     

热水处理对扶桑棉粉蚧的致死作用

本文研究了热水处理对扶桑绵粉蚧的杀灭作用,结果表明,在49℃、50℃、51℃、52℃和53℃时扶桑绵粉蚧1龄若虫死亡率达到100%的处理时间分别为240min、150min、60min、40min和6min。分析显示,热水温度和处理时间长度的复合作用导致了扶桑绵粉蚧的死亡。建立了热水温度(X1)、处理时间(X2)和扶桑棉粉蚧死亡率(Y)之间的模型方程为Y=-9.466+0.192X1-0.0000240X22+0.000218X1X2。给出了不同温度热水处理时扶桑绵粉蚧100%死亡的时间长度。     

First record of cotton mealybug,Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), from Saudi Arabia

The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is recorded from Saudi Arabia for the first time. This species was collected from heavily infested Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (Malvaceae) from the city of At-Taif in the south-western part of the Arabian Peninsula. In addition, the mealybug Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell, 1893), previously recorded in Saudi Arabia, was found on Plumeria rubra L. (Apocynaceae) and on Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. (Sapindaceae). Slide mounts were prepared and voucher specimens were preserved at the University of Jordan Insects Museum. Further surveys should be initiated to investigate the distribution and hosts of P. solenopsis in Saudi Arabia.     

基于CLIMEX模型的扶桑绵粉蚧在中国潜在地理分布预测

本研究以实际测定的发育起点温度和有效积温为基础,采用CLIMEX系统对扶桑绵粉蚧在中国的适生性地理区域作了预测。结果表明,扶桑绵粉蚧在我国的潜在分布区域广泛,除西藏、青海、黑龙江3个省区的大部地区以外,可覆盖包括长江中下游、黄河中下游、西北内陆3大主要棉区以及华南和辽河流域的零星棉区所有地区,是一种对我国各棉花产区均具有潜在危险性的害虫。     

扶桑绵粉蚧生物学特性及防治的研究现状

扶桑绵粉蚧是近年传入我国的重要检疫性害虫,严重威胁我国棉花产业。阐述了国内、外对扶桑绵粉蚧生物学特性、危险性以及检疫、防治措施的研究现状。提出了目前我国对扶桑绵粉蚧有待进一步研究和亟待解决的问题。     

Natural enemies of the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): first report of some parasitoids in Italy

The bougainvillea mealybug, Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), was first detected in Sicily in 2002 at high population levels on Bougainvillea glabra Choisy (Nyctaginaceae). In 2016, during a recent monitoring activity, natural enemies of this pest were detected for the first time. This report represents the first identification of P. peruvianus parasitoids in Italy and some information on the recovered entomophagous species is provided.     

The cotton mealybug, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phenacoccus solenopsis</Emphasis> Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Israel: pest status,host plants and natural enemies

In Israel, the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, an invasive scale insect, was reported for the first time in the Jordan Valley in 2008 on basil (Ocimum basilicum) and bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). This mealybug is highly polyphagous with economic and environmental impacts. Since then, Ph. solenopsis has spread to almost every region of Israel and developed high populations on several ornamental plants, mainly Hibiscus sp. (Malvaceae) and Lantana sp. (Verbenaceae). It has become a pest in greenhouses, mainly on bell pepper, tomato, and eggplant (Solanaceae) and a serious threat in cotton fields. Fourteen species of insect natural enemies have been found in association with Ph. solenopsis in Israel the common ones were: Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hym. Encyrtidae), Cheilomenes propinqua (Mulsant), Hyperaspis vinciguerrae (Capra); H. polita Weise, Exochomus nigripennis (Erichson), Parascymnus varius Kirsch and Scymnus flagellisiphonatus (Fursch) (Col., Coccinellidae). To date, the population density of Ph. solenopsis in Israel is steeply decreasing in most regions of Israel due to the activity of A. arizonensis. An identification key to distinguish between adult females of the eight species belonging to the genus Phenacoccus in Israel is also provided.     

Phenacoccus madeirensis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): a new species of mealybug in Tunisia

In August 2013, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, 1923 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was identified for the first time in Tunisia, in the region of Akouda (Sousse, coastal area of Tunisia) on Cestrum nocturnum (Solanaceae) during a survey. The infestation was observed on leaves, shoots and also on the collar. This is the first record of P. madeirensis in Tunisia and the first record of this pest in North Africa. Two other mealybugs Peliococcus cycliger and Planococcus citri were also recorded during this survey. They have previously been reported in Tunisia.