奶牛子宫脓肿的诊治

奶牛子宫脓肿易与子宫蓄脓、子宫肿瘤等混淆,在诊断上应加以区别.对临床诊疗中诊治的11例患子宫脓肿的奶牛的临床诊断和治疗方法进行了介绍,供同仁参考.     

奶牛子宫内膜炎诊断及防治

奶牛子宫内膜炎是导致奶牛不发情,发情不规律,多次配种不能正常受孕的常见生殖系统疾病,该种疾病不仅会影响奶牛养殖产业的发展,而且还会影响奶牛的泌乳量,需要引起养殖户的高度重视。该文结合实际情况分析了奶牛子宫内膜炎的发病原因、临床症状、诊断方法,并论述了奶牛子宫内膜炎的预防措施。     

奶牛子宫内膜炎的诊断和防治

随着现代养牛业的发展,奶牛饲养密度大大增加,但是对疫病的抵抗力却在不断下降.奶牛子宫内膜炎是奶牛常见的生殖系统疾病,病原有多种致病菌,主要威胁奶牛发情、配种和受胎.本文分析了奶牛子宫内膜炎的病因和临床症状,指出诊断方法和防治措施,以期缓解奶牛子宫内膜炎对奶牛自身和养殖场(户)造成的威胁,为保障奶牛生殖系统健康提供理论依...     

奶牛子宫免疫系统研究

由于产后奶牛子宫免疫系统容易受损并且普遍发生子宫内细菌感染,所以奶牛经常会发生子宫类疾病。世界各国奶牛子宫类疾病的发病率存在着很大的差异。子宫感染的发生取决于奶牛的免疫状态及入侵细菌种类及数量。了解奶牛子宫免疫系统组成及其调节有助于快速有效的诊断和治疗相关的子宫疾病。     

奶牛子宫内膜炎的综合防治

奶牛子宫内膜炎是奶牛养殖时比较常见的疾病类型,主要病变是子宫黏膜出现脓性或者粘液性炎症.此病一般在产后2周内发生,发病率一般为20%~40%.此病会影响奶牛的正常发情和妊娠,也容易引起其他疾病的发生,给畜牧业带来严重的经济损失.本文从奶牛子宫内膜炎的病因、临床症状、诊断、预防和治疗进行了阐述,望对相关工作者有所帮助.     

不孕奶牛子宫异常的B超检查

自20世纪80年代B超应用于奶牛繁殖领域以来,其在奶牛妊娠诊断、鉴定胎儿性别、确定胎龄、监测排卵及卵巢囊肿诊断等方面有非常明显的优势.但关于奶牛子宫疾病方面的超声诊断研究报道很少,这可能是与子宫病变的声学特性变化不明显有关.然而,本试验发现,子宫内膜炎、幼稚型子宫、子宫肌瘤、子宫颈囊肿、子宫炎等病例的子宫病变也可通过B超进行区分.本试验意在通过B超对奶牛子宫进行超声成像,研究异常子宫的超声形态学特点,从而及时发现存在各种子宫疾病的不孕奶牛,以进行治疗或淘汰,为奶牛饲养业减少经济损失.     

奶牛子宫内膜炎的调查和诊治

随着人们生活水平不断的提高,我国乳业在迅速发展.奶牛养殖业也在大规模的扩增.奶牛的不孕症是奶牛四大类疾病之一,而子宫内摸炎是奶牛不孕症的主要原因之一.子宫内膜炎是奶牛生产中的常见病,一旦发生,奶牛配种困难或长期不孕,导致养殖率低,甚至提前淘汰.抓好子宫内膜炎的预防和治疗,对促进奶业增效,奶农增收意义重大.因此,平时要对奶牛加强饲养管理,要达到标准,防止疾病发生减少经济损失.本文我介绍该病的发生原因,临床症状,诊断,治疗和预防措施,经济损伤方面的内容.     

浅谈奶牛子宫内膜炎的发病原因及防治措施

奶牛子宫内膜炎作为最常见的一种生殖道疾病,不仅影响奶牛的身体健康,也影响养殖厂的规模经济效益.本文主要分析了奶牛子宫内膜炎的发病原因以及临床表现,提出了预防为主,治疗为辅的防治措施.     

奶牛子宫内膜炎的诊疗

奶牛子宫内膜炎是奶牛常见的繁殖疾病,若不及时治疗,常常引起奶牛的不孕.下面结合多年的实践经验,谈谈奶牛子宫内膜炎的病因、诊断与治疗.……     

奶牛子宫内膜炎厌氧菌的分离鉴定

子宫内膜炎是奶牛子宫内膜的炎症,是危害奶牛业发展的四大疾病之一.该病的发病率很高,国外许多资料报道,发病率在30%～40%,而90%的不孕症是由隐性子宫内膜炎引起的. 为了探讨产后正常奶牛和一些屡配不孕的、被临床诊断为隐性子宫内膜炎的奶牛体内都有哪些细菌,哪些是致病菌,设计了此试验.     

肉牛子宫脱出产科病的综合治疗

为了对肉牛子宫脱出产科病进行综合治疗,提高治疗的效果。本文分析了引起肉牛子宫脱出的因素、发病的临床症状。针对临床症状进行了手术治疗、西药治疗、中药辅助治疗以及加强饲养管理,治愈效果明显提高。采用手术法、中西结合综合治疗肉牛子宫脱出。     

4种常见家畜子宫疾病的治疗与预防

主要对治疗和预防胎衣不下、子宫内膜炎、子宫积水、子宫脱出4种常见的家畜子宫疾病的方法进行介绍。治疗方法主要有采用中西药全身用药和针对子宫进行冲洗、灌注以及手术复位,以达到缓解或治愈子宫疾病的目的。在日常的饲养管理中,为母畜提供优质、营养均衡的日粮以及宽敞的运动场,保持圈舍卫生,在助产时注意做好消毒工作,可有效预防子宫疾病的发生。     

Uterine torsion diagnosed in a mare at 515 days' gestation

A pregnant mare with a history of prolonged gestation (～515 days) and suspected diagnosis of fetal mummification was examined. Rectal palpation revealed that the left broad ligament of the uterus was dorsal and medial to the right uterine ligament and it was not possible to observe the cervix during vaginal examination. Transabdominal ultrasound revealed fluid in the uterus, fetal membranes and the uterine walls defined and thickened. Free fluid was not seen in the peritoneal cavity. Laboratory tests (blood cell count and clinical chemistry) were normal. Based on clinical history, physical examination and ultrasound findings, a chronic uterine torsion with fetal death was diagnosed and the mare was subjected to exploratory celiotomy. The uterus was strongly adhered to the peritoneum of the ventral abdominal wall and there were multiple adhesions to the colon. Hysterotomy was performed to remove the fetus and to permit repositioning of the uterus. When the fetus was removed, a large devitalised grey tissue area of the right ventral uterine horn was observed. Multiple adhesions prevented a rescue hysterectomy and euthanasia of the patient was performed. During the necropsy, a 180° cranial cervix clockwise uterine torsion was observed. This rare case of uterine torsion appears to be the most chronic case reported in the equine literature.     

助产对奶牛产后子宫菌群的影响

在奶牛养殖业中,难产是奶牛临床上的常发病,助产是处理难产的常用手段。助产的发生会导致母牛受胎率降低、冻精使用量增加、空怀时间增加和首次配种时间后移等繁殖问题。本研究从细菌学角度分析助产对奶牛产后子宫菌群的影响,以期为提高牧场受胎率提供数据参考。在宁夏地区某大型奶牛场,以助产和非助产奶牛为研究对象,在产后45 d进行子宫灌洗,采集灌洗液样本共7份。通过细菌分离培养、16S rRNA测序等方法分离细菌。结果共分离出10个细菌属,12种细菌,其中,非助产奶牛子宫冲洗液中分离出链霉菌属、链球菌属、肠杆菌属、葡萄球菌属、气球菌属5个属的细菌;助产奶牛子宫冲洗液分离出志贺菌属、不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属、棒状杆菌属、芽胞杆菌属、气球菌属、肠杆菌属、葡萄球菌属、链球菌属等9个属的细菌。本研究的结果表明,助产和非助产奶牛子宫菌群差异显著,助产导致子宫内菌群多样性增加。     

奶牛产后子宫感染与子宫免疫

非特异性子宫感染会降低奶牛的生产性能和奶牛场的潜在效益。发生子宫感染时常并发感染化脓性放线杆菌或混合感染其他细菌。当从产后21 d的奶牛子宫液中分离到化脓性放线杆菌时,说明奶牛发生了严重的子宫内膜炎,并且将导致产后第一个发情期不孕。然而引起子宫感染的确切原因尚不清楚,但可以肯定与多种因素有关。发生难产、胎衣不下、怀有双胎或死胎以及患有各种代谢紊乱疾病的奶牛比其他奶牛更容易发生子宫感染。分娩前后异常的免疫功能更容易导致发生严重的子宫感染。子宫感染一般不会引起奶牛死亡,但是发生子宫感染的奶牛其生产性能会受到很大影响。另外,子宫发生感染还会降低产奶量,并且对子宫感染的一些治疗措施还会对牛奶产生污染。因为感染的非特异性,所以子宫感染很难预防;注意加强卫生设施以及围产期的卫生,特别是在助产过程中的卫生,才可能是最好的预防方法。异常免疫功能导致奶牛发生子宫感染的现象,说明通过对免疫功能的调节来预防和治疗围产期奶牛子宫感染是有潜力的。     

小尾寒羊产后子宫内细菌类型和数量的研究

通过子宫内膜活检采样器得到子宫腔内液,应用细菌分离培养鉴定技术,研究10只小尾寒羊产后不同时期子宫内细菌的种类和数量的变化规律。结果发现:在产后1~25 d,小尾寒羊子宫腔内存在4个属的细菌,这些细菌是以芽孢杆菌属、葡萄球菌属、微球菌属为主的革兰氏阳性菌和以大肠杆菌群为主的革兰氏阴性菌等。产后子宫细菌数量和种类随着子宫内环境的改变而有规律地变化:从无菌状态增加到最高点约7 d左右,而下降比较缓慢,到子宫颈管复旧完成(22 d)后,才接近于无菌状态。产后子宫内一定数量的细菌对子宫复旧无显著影响。     

Uterine prolapse in a mare leading to metritis,systemic inflammatory response syndrome,septic shock and death

This Case Report describes severe complications associated with uterine prolapse in a mare. A 6‐year‐old Trakehner mare was examined for depression, moderate pain and vaginal discharge 3 days after correction of a uterine prolapse. The clinical examination and haematology revealed that the mare had an infection with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and shock. Due to the uncontrollable, persistent pain, an exploratory celiotomy was performed which revealed severe metritis. During anaesthesia, the mare developed severe cardiovascular compromise and died in recovery. In previously reported cases of uterine prolapse in the mare, the authors warn of uterine injury, broad ligament haemorrhage, metritis, endotoxaemia and laminitis but often have a successful outcome with conventional therapy. This case describes a mare that developed severe complications and death after uterine prolapse. Mares with uterine prolapse require appropriate treatment and vigilant monitoring post treatment to prevent life threatening complications.     

Uterine adenomyosis in an orang-utan (Pongo abelii/pygmaeus)

A 48-year-old, multiparous, female hybrid orang-utan ( Pongo abelii/pygmaeus ) was investigated after a 3-year history of irregular and excessively heavy menstrual bleeding. Opportunistic pelvic examinations over a 2.5-year period were non-diagnostic. Medical therapy was not effective. A subtotal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-ovariectomy was performed. A pedunculated mass spanning 90% of the uterine lumen was seen grossly, and histopathology confirmed uterine adenomyosis. Adenomyosis is defined as the ectopic occurrence or diffuse implantation of endometrial tissue, including glands and stroma, into the myometrium. It is common in older, usually premenopausal, multiparous women and is frequently associated with other uterine pathology, including endometrial hyperplasia and leiomyomas. The most common clinical signs are dysmenorrhoea and heavy menstrual bleeding; however, up to 35% of women are asymptomatic. Diagnosis is difficult and requires myometrial sampling and an experienced pathologist. A hysterectomy in this case was diagnostic and curative. There have been few reports of uterine adenomyosis in non-human primates and none reported in an orang-utan. Uterine adenomyosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in any multiparous, aged, non-human female primate with irregular and excessively heavy menstrual bleeding, and hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-ovariectomy is recommended as a diagnostic and therapeutic solution.     

支配子宫的植物神经和肥大细胞与子宫免疫调节的关系

本文概述了近年来子宫的植物性神经支配、子宫肥大细胞（ＭＣ）的最新研究概况，阐述了植物性神经通过子宫肥大细胞对子宫免疫的影响及Ｐ物质对子宫免疫的调节。植物性神经可通过抑制子宫ＭＣ的增殖和组织胺释放来抑制子宫局部免疫水平，神经肽Ｐ物质能刺激子宫ＭＣ组织胺和细胞因子的释放来调节子宫免疫，但组织胺的释放与子宫的生殖状态有关。神经肽对ＭＣ功能的调节是免疫－神经－分分泌网络相互作用的一个侧面，深入研究神经肽对ＭＣ作用的机理，将有助于推动神经免疫的发展。     

牛子宫复旧调控机制及促进子宫复旧方法的研究进展

牛产后子宫复旧延迟会延长繁殖间隔，降低繁殖率。子宫复旧涉及产后子宫组织退化、修复与子宫肌层的重塑，其中干细胞、细胞因子与非编码RNA以及雌激素与孕激素等参与调控产后子宫组织修复与再生。同时，维生素与葡萄糖类物质、中药制剂、免疫调节因子等绿色、无公害防治方法能够有效促进牛产后子宫复旧。本文就牛产后子宫复旧调控机制及促进子宫复旧方法的最新研究进展进行归纳总结，以期为研究动物产后子宫复旧的分子调控机制及研发促进子宫复旧新方法提供一定参考。