用LAT、AGID、SN法检测血清抗体的比较试验

为探索出适合猪伪狂犬病防治需要的准确、实用的血清学诊断方法,我们选择乳胶凝集试验(LAT)、琼脂免疫扩散试验(AGID)、血清中和试验(SN)3种猪伪狂犬病血清学诊断方法,以进口试剂盒酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)诊断方法作为标准,对45份猪伪狂犬病被检血清样品进行了比较试验.……     

应用酶联SPA免疫吸附试验诊断牛白血病的研究

应用酶联SPA免疫吸附试验(PPA-ELISA)、ELISA和琼脂免疫扩散(AGID)对501份牛血清样品进行了对比,证明PPA-ELISA的特异性和敏感性与ELISA一致;敏感性高于AGID。经与其他疫病牛血清做交叉试验证明,PPA-ELISA具有特异性。我们认为PPA-ELISA做为牛白血病的诊断方法是完全可行的。     

三种检测猪伪狂犬病抗体的方法比较

应用血清中和试验(SNT)、乳胶凝集试验(LAT)和PRVgpI抗体鉴别ELISA三种方法检测了42份猪血清中的伪狂犬病抗体效价并进行了比较。结果表明SNT与LAT二种方法的阳性符合率为87.1%(27/31),阴性符合率为90.1%(10/11),总符合率为88.1%(37/42),且SNT的敏感性高于LAT,但PRVgpI抗体与SN和LA抗体无相关性。     

羧化胶乳凝集试验检测边缘无形体血清抗体的研究

利用边缘无形体可溶性抗原，以化学交联的方式致敏羧化胶乳制成胶乳抗原，成功地建立了一种检测牛边缘无形体血清抗体的胶乳凝集试验(LAT)诊断方法。用制备的胶乳抗原分别检测瑟氏泰勒虫、双芽巴贝虫、衣原体、附红细胞体阳性血清，结果均为阴性；与边缘无形体标准阳性血清、免疫牛血清、流行区血清样品均呈明显的凝集反应。研究结果表明，LAT方法具有操作简单、快速、敏感性高、特异性强、成本低廉等优点，是一种特别适合于基层现场检测边缘无形体血清抗体的新方法。     

PEDV流行株重组截短N蛋白间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为了建立猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)抗体检测的间接ELISA方法,本研究以纯化的原核表达的PEDV截短N蛋白作为包被抗原,建立了PEDV抗体检测的间接ELISA方法,将该方法命名为rnPED-ELISA。该抗原不与其他常见的7种猪病的阳性血清发生交叉反应,批内和批间重复性试验的变异系数均小于13%;rnPED-ELISA相对于血清中和试验(SN)试验的敏感性为93.33%,特异性为90.00%;rnPED-ELISA与TSZ全病毒抗体检测试剂盒的符合率达91.67%。采用rnPED-ELISA方法检测200份临床样品,PEDV抗体阳性检出率为69.5%。本试验建立的rnPED-ELISA方法具有良好的敏感性和特异性,可为免疫猪群抗体监测和猪流行性腹泻流行病学调查提供一种快速、简便的血清学诊断方法。     

猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合症的防治

5．1．3血清学检查可用四种方法检测血清中的PRRS病毒抗体。免疫过氧化物酶试验(IPMA)：本方法特异性和敏感性较好，但操作复杂、费用高；间接荧光抗体试验(免疫荧光染色法-IFA)：本方法可最早于感染后6d，一般于感染后两周检出抗体，抗体效价于感染后5～6周达到峰值(1：40000)；血清中和试验(SN)：因SN抗体比IFA出现     

产蛋下降综合症病毒血清学比较研究

试验用血凝抑制(HI)试验,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)试验,血清中和(SN)试验,荧光抗体(FA)试验和琼胶免疫扩散(AGID)试验分别对接种产蛋下降综合症(EDS)病毒后的实验感染鸡血清中的抗体进行检测,以比较5种血清学试验的敏感性。比较结果表明,前四种血清学试验分别于接种后5天首次测出抗EDS病毒抗体,其中SN和FA试验检查所有5只接种鸡全部为阳性,     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒重组N蛋白抗原间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

本研究以纯化的原核表达猪传染性胃肠炎病毒N蛋白为诊断抗原，建立了猪传染性胃肠炎病毒抗体检测的间接ELISA诊断方法，将其命名为mTGE-ELISA。该抗原不与其他常见10种猪病的阳性血清发生交叉反应。批内和批间重复性试验的变异系数均小于15％；对仔猪免疫后不同时间的血清检测结果表明mTGE-ELISA与纯化病毒ELISA符合率达95．0％；mTGE-ELISA相对于VN试验的敏感性为96．3％、特异性为92．2％：现地试验中，mTGE-ELISA与Svanova TGEV／PRCV antibody diagnosis Kit的符合率达87．0％，通过中和试验复核结果表明，mTGE-ELISA的假阳性低于Svanova TGEV／PRCV antibody diagnosis Kit。本试验建立的mTGE-ELISA诊断方法具有良好的敏感性和特异性，为免疫猪群抗体监测和TGE流行病学调查提供了一种快速、简便的血清学诊断方法。     

不同ELISA和AGID试剂盒检测马传染性贫血病毒抗体的比较

为比较商品化ELISA试剂盒和AGID试剂盒检测马传染性贫血病毒（EIAV）抗体的效果,并评价不同ELISA试剂盒的敏感性、特异性和一致性,将EIAV强阳性血清进行倍比稀释,分别用4种商品化ELISA试剂盒和3种AGID试剂盒进行检测,比较最低检出限;此外,以28份临床马血清作为样品盘,以AGID结果作为标准,通过计算符合率、Kappa值、敏感性、特异性和约登指数,综合评价4种ELISA试剂盒的检测效果。灵敏性结果显示：4种ELISA试剂盒可检出的最大稀释度分别为1:1 024、1:256、1:32和1:128,而3种AGID试剂盒可检出的最大稀释度均为1:16。临床样本检测结果显示：4种ELISA试剂盒与AGID检测结果的符合率均超过89%,其中有3个品牌的ELISA试剂盒一致性较高;4种ELISA试剂盒敏感性为75.00%~100%,特异性为87.50%~100%,约登指数为0.75~1.00。结果表明,ELISA试剂盒的检测灵敏度普遍高于AGID试剂盒,且与AGID试剂盒的检测结果符合率高,是EIAV检测的可靠手段之一,但不同ELISA试剂盒敏感性和特异性存在一定差异,应根据实际情况合理选择使用。本研究为制定科学合理的EIAV检测方案和试剂盒筛选提供了数据支撑。     

竞争酶联免疫吸附试验检测蓝舌病抗体的研究

用已研制的BTV－11型VP7单克隆抗体建立了竞争酶联免疫吸附试验（C－ELISA）检测蓝舌病抗体的方法，并与琼脂免疫扩散试验（AGID）进行了检测比较，C－ELISA特异性强，不与相关环状病毒发生交叉反应，敏感性比AGID高。用研究制备的C－ELISA诊断试剂盒和美国、澳大利亚制备的诊断试剂盒对1377份临床样品的检测，以及对实验动物人工感染后抗体动脉检测。三种诊断试剂盒检测结果一致，且重复性好。本研究建立的蓝舌病C－ELISA是一种特异性强、敏感性高的蓝舌病抗体检测方法。     

应用琼脂免疫扩散试验检测猪伪狂犬病抗体的研究

建立了ＡＧＩＤ用于猪伪狂犬病（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｒａｂｉｅｓ,Ｐｒ）的诊断。对９８份被俭血清的ＡＧＩＤ结果与ＳＮ结果比较,当ＳＮ滴度大于１：８时两者的阳性检出符合率为１００％,ＳＮ滴度小于或等于１：８时,两者的阳性检出符合率为８７．５％,ＡＧＩＤ和ＳＮ总的阳性符合率为９４．４％,结果表明,ＡＧＩＤ对Ｐｒ可进行特异性诊断,流行病学调查和免疫动态监测。     

Comparative evaluation of the agar gel immunodiffusion test and two commercial ELISA kits for the serodiagnosis of equine infectious anemia

Selected sets of serum samples of horses were tested blindly in a comparative investigation for antibodies against Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) virus. Three commercial kits were used, a well-established agar-gel immuno-diffusion kit which our laboratory has been using routinely for 14 years on one hand, a competitive ELISA kit (CELISA) and a non-competitive ELISA kit on the other hand. The American EIA Reference Laboratory in Ames cotested 56 serum samples with the same 3 products, with highest-level correlation, thereby ascertaining full dependability of our own results. Five EIA experts supplied us critically weak or doubtfully reacting serum samples of experimentally infected horses together with their own test results, by necessity limited to the then available AGID in most instances. A high degree of correlation was found between our and their AGID results. In our own laboratory good correlation was found between the AGID test and one lot of the CELISA product. Time of seroconversion was coincident in some experimentally infected horses, partly AGID, partly CELISA proved more sensitive. Another lot of the CELISA product deteriorated completely long before the warranted validity, an unpleasant finding experienced by many other laboratories alike. The non-competitive ELISA product showed unacceptable inter-lot differences, oscillation between positive and negative results on consecutive samples of one and the same horse, never reacted with the weak positive International Reference Serum, and one lot deteriorated well beyond its expiration date. We discuss our results with the background: high sensitivity versus false-positive horses and advocate to maintain at their present sensitivity levels the AGID and the CELISA tests and not to push them further, as would be technically possible.     

Comparison of a maedi-visna virus CA-TM fusion protein ELISA with other assays for detecting sheep infected with North American ovine lentivirus strains.

A maedi-visna virus CA-TM fusion protein ELISA (MVV ELISA) was evaluated for the detection of antibody in sheep infected with North American ovine lentivirus (OvLV). The results of the MVV ELISA were compared with other assays for OvLV antibody and with viral infection in an intensively studied group of 38 sheep with a high prevalence of OvLV infection and disease. The sensitivity, specificity, and concordance of assays for OvLV antibody (MVV ELISA, indirect ELISA, Western blot, and AGID), virus (virus isolation, PCR, antigen ELISA), and OvLV-induced disease in each animal were compared with OvLV infection status as defined by a positive result in two or more of the assays. Five sheep met the criteria for absence of OvLV infection. The sensitivity of the MVV ELISA in detecting OvLV infected sheep was 64%, whereas the sensitivity of the other three tests for antibody ranged from 85 to 94%. All the antibody assays were 100% specific in this group of animals. Of the assays for virus, the PCR test had the highest sensitivity and the best concordance with OvLV infection, but it also had the lowest specificity of any of the virus or antibody assays. Among the antibody tests, the concordance of the MVV ELISA compared most favorably with the AGID test for detecting OvLV-infected sheep. Analysis of serum samples from 28 lambs experimentally-infected with one of three North American strains of OvLV suggested that there were no significant strain differences detectable by antibody assay. Twenty virus-inoculated lambs were positive by both the MVV ELISA and the AGID test, five lambs were MVV ELISA negative and AGID test positive, and three lambs were MVV ELISA positive and AGID test negative. No pre-inoculation samples were positive by either assay. In a longitudinal study involving seven lambs, antibodies to OvLV were detected by AGID 3-5 weeks post-inoculation, but were not detected by MVV ELISA until 5-10 weeks post-inoculation. Among 128 naturally and experimentally-infected sheep that were seropositive in the AGID test, the overall sensitivity of the MVV ELISA was higher in the naturally infected sheep (84%) than in the experimentally infected sheep (69%). The data indicated that the MVV ELISA represents a less sensitive, but specific alternative for the detection of OvLV antibodies.     

Bovine leukemia virus infection in Taiwan: evaluation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and agar gel immunodiffusion test.

I evaluated an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test simultaneously for the detection of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) antibodies. Total 1,293 serum samples were tested for ELISA and AGID test and the results were compared. The results of ELISA and AGID agreed by 1,156 out of 1,293 (89.4%). All of AGID-positive 356 sera were positive by ELISA. However, of 451 ELISA-positive sera, 95 sera were either negative or equivocal by AGID test. Eleven animals which showed ELISA-positive but AGID-negative or equivocal became AGID-positive in a year. It may be inferred that ELISA detects infected cattle earlier and with greater sensitivity than AGID.     

Evaluation of serologic methods for the detection of antibodies to encephalomyocarditis virus in swine fetal thoracic fluids.

Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests were compared to the serum neutralization (SN) test to evaluate their ability to detect antibodies to encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). Swine fetal thoracic fluids of known EMCV SN antibody titers (200 samples greater than or equal to 1:2, 100 samples less than 1:2) were selected from a collection of field cases. The thoracic fluids were tested for EMCV antibodies by HI and AGID, and the results were compared to those of the SN test. Of 200 SN antibody-positive samples, 183 (91.5%) and 173 (86.5%) were positive in HI and AGID tests, respectively. Of 100 SN-negative samples, 81 (81%) and 94 (94%) were negative in HI and AGID tests, respectively. Agreement between the tests was analyzed by calculating Kappa values. The values were 0.73 between SN and HI tests and 0.77 between SN and AGID tests, indicating very good to excellent agreement for HI and AGID tests with the SN test. Of 200 SN-positive samples, 19 samples with low SN titers (1:2-1:16) were further tested by Western immunoblotting, and all were confirmed as positive. Interpretation of the present results suggests that both HI and AGID tests can be used as alternatives to the SN test.     

Sensitivity and specificity of the agar-gel-immunodiffusion test, ELISA and the skin test for detection of paratuberculosis in United States Midwest sheep populations

Our objective was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the agar-gel-immunodiffusion test (AGID), the ELISA, and the skin test for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in sheep using Bayesian methods without a gold standard. Fourteen flocks (2 465 sheep) were used. Five flocks (450 sheep) were considered MAP non-infected and 9 flocks (2 015 sheep) had sheep infected with MAP. Sheep were skin tested and blood was collected for AGID and ELISA testing. Results were analyzed using a Bayesian 3-test in 1-population model fitted in WinBUGS. The model allowed for dependence (correlation) between the two serologic tests, but these two tests were assumed to be conditionally independent of the skin test. The estimated specificity was 99.5% (95% PI of 98.9-99.9%) for the AGID; 99.3% (98.4-99.8%) for the ELISA using an optical density measured cutoff of 0.20; 99.2% (98.1-99.8%) using a cutoff of 0.15; 97.5% (95.8-98.7%) using a cutoff of 0.10; and 98.7% (97.3-99.5%) for the skin test. The estimated sensitivities were 8.3% (6.2-10.7%) for the AGID; 8.0% (6.0-10.4%), 10.6% (8.3-13.1%), and 16.3% (13.5-19.4%) for the ELISA using the cutoffs 0.20, 0.15, and 0.10 respectively; and 73.3% (62.3-85.8%) for the skin test. The skin test was specific in non-infected populations and sensitive in infected populations, although in some cases a positive skin test might represent MAP exposure rather than infection. The AGID and ELISA were specific but lacked sensitivity. The AGID and ELISA consistently identified two different populations of infected sheep with only moderate overlap between positive test results.     

Early detection of maedi-visna (ovine progressive pneumonia) virus seroconversion in field sheep samples.

The aim of this work was to investigate whether an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was useful for early detection of maedi-visna virus (MVV) infection in sheep under field conditions. An ELISA based on p25 recombinant protein and a gp46 synthetic peptide was used. Sequentially obtained serum samples (n = 1,941) were studied for 4 years. ELISA results were compared with those of the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test, and results of both tests were compared with a reference result established using consensus scores for at least 2 of 3 serologic techniques (AGID, ELISA, and western blotting, which was used to resolve result discrepancies between the other 2 techniques). A total of 247 discrepancies were observed between ELISA and AGID. Of these, 131 were due to an earlier detection of 120 sera by the ELISA and 11 sera by AGID. The remaining discrepancies (116) were due to the presence of false reactions in both tests. Fewer false-negative results were found by ELISA than with AGID (6 vs. 69 sera, respectively), whereas the number of false-positive results was virtually the same for ELISA and AGID (21 vs. 20, respectively). In relation to the reference result, ELISA sensitivity and specificity were 97.8% and 98.2%, respectively, whereas values for AGID were 76.3% and 98.3%, respectively. The agreement between ELISA and the reference result was higher than that between AGID and the reference result (K value: 0.96 and 0.77, respectively). A variation in the ELISA signal (based on optical density) was observed during the study period, suggesting different antibody levels throughout the animal's life. The ELISA was useful for detecting MVV-infected sheep in field conditions and has potential for use in control and eradication programs.     

三抗体间接Dot-ELISA检测犬旋毛虫病IgG抗体的研究

本试验成功地建立了检测旋毛虫病犬血清中的特异性抗体的一种新的免疫学诊断法 -三抗体间接 Dot-EL ISA法 ,并与压片镜检法 (TSM)和琼脂扩散试验 (AGID)进行了比较。试验结果表明 ,Dot- EL ISA和 AGID对2 4 5份被检血清的阳性检出率为 2 2 .86 % (5 6 / 2 4 5 )和 6 .94 % (17/ 2 4 5 ) ,两者符合为 30 .36 %。该法的检出率比AGID高 15 .92 % ,比 TSM高 18.37%。Dot- EL ISA的相对灵敏度为 AGID的 6 7.4 7倍     

A Labelled Avidin–Biotin ELISA to Detect Antibodies to Caprine Arthritis-encephalitis Virus in Goats' Sera

A labelled avidin–biotin ELISA (lab-ELISA) was developed and compared with indirect ELISA (i-ELISA) and agar-gel immunodiffusion assay (AGID) for its efficacy in detecting antibodies against caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in goat sera. The enzyme immunoassays were standardized using 113 sera from CAEV-negative goat flocks. The tests were compared using the results from 339 serum samples. The lab-ELISA showed the greatest number of positive results (94/339) as compared with AGID (51) and i-ELISA (64). The comparison of the other two tests with the lab-ELISA showed an agreement of 87.3% with AGID and 90.6% with i-ELISA. The lab-ELISA may be useful for screening large populations for CAEV antibodies, in epidemiological surveys and in the control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis.     

Evaluation of a bulk-milk ELISA test for the classification of herd-level bovine leukemia virus status

The results of a commercial bulk-milk enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for herd-level bovine leukemia virus (BLV) status were compared to results obtained from individual agar-gel immunodiffussion (AGID) testing on sampled cattle. A positive herd was defined as a herd having one or more AGID-positive animals. The estimated true herd status was based on the sensitivity and specificity of the AGID test and the number of cattle sampled per herd. Ninety-seven herds were used, with a mean of 13 cows sampled per herd. The AGID test indicated an apparent herd prevalence of 70.1%. After accounting for the number of cows sampled and the sensitivity and specificity of the AGID test, the estimated true herd prevalence of BLV was 52.3%. The ELISA test identified 79.4% of herds as positive for BLV, and had an apparent sensitivity and specificity of 0.97 and 0.62, respectively. However, after accounting for the sensitivity and specificity of the AGID test in individual animals, the specificity of the ELISA test was 0.44. The ELISA test was useful for identifying BLV-negative herds (i.e., ruling out the presence of BLV infection in test negative herds). With the moderately low specificity, herds identified as positive by the ELISA test would require further testing at the individual or herd level to definitively establish their BLV status.