仔猪膨化饲料与颗粒饲料的对比试验（初报）

在青岛正大示范猪场用三元杂交仔猪进行了膨化料和颗粒料饲喂对比试验，从乳猪７日龄开始补料，２８（或２１）日龄断奶，至４５日龄时头均增重膨化料组１２．５９公斤（日增重３３１克），比颗粒料组１１．７３公斤（日增重３０９克）高７．３％，差异极显著（Ｐ，０．０１）；膨化料组料重比０．８４，１，比颗粒料组０．９５：１低１１．５８％，两组仔猪成活率均为１００％。     

颗粒料与粉状料饲喂土仔鸡效果的对比试验

选用１６００只淮南麻黄鸡，比较了颗粒料与状料对１￣７０日龄土仔鸡增重，饲料利用率和饲养效益的影响。结果表明：用颗粒料饲喂在减少饲料消耗和降低料重比上优于粉状料组，经济效益也有所增加，而对增重和成活率没有显著影响。     

颗粒料和粉状料对断奶仔猪生长性能和经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究颗粒料和粉状料对断奶仔猪生长性能(日采食量、日增重、料重比等)和经济效益的影响。试验选择100头体重6.0 kg左右、(25±1)日龄的健康杜长大三元杂种断奶仔猪,按体重随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪,公母各半,分别饲喂颗粒料和粉状料,试验期14 d。试验结果表明:1)生长性能:①颗粒料组诱食性好于粉状料组。②断奶仔猪粉状料组与颗粒料组日增重、料重比差异显著(P0.05);和粉状料组相比,颗粒料组在断奶仔猪日采食量方面有改善趋势(P0.05)。2)经济效益:在当时的饲料原料价格下,每千克增重饲料成本颗粒料组(4.91元)低于粉状料组(5.43元)。综上所述,该试验条件下,断奶后仔猪使用颗粒料可较好地达到诱食目的,并改善了断奶仔猪的生长性能,提高了经济效益。     

仔猪膨化饲料与颗粒饲料对比试验(初报)

在青岛正大示范猪场用三元杂交仔猪进行膨化料和颗粒料饲喂对比试验。从乳猪7日龄开始补料,28(或21)日龄断奶,至45日龄时头均增重膨化料组12.59公斤(日增重331克),比颗料料组11.73公斤(日增重309克)高7.3％,差异极显著(P<0.01);膨化料组料重比0.84:1,比颗粒料组0.95:1低11.58％。两组仔猪成活率均为100％。     

颗粒料和粉状料对乳猪教槽效果研究

选择哺乳母猪12头[每头母猪带乳猪(10±1)头],按胎次、窝乳猪数、哺乳日龄相似的原则随机分为2组,即颗粒料组和粉状料组,每组6个重复,每个重复1窝猪。试验结束时前腔静脉采血,测定血清生化指标,研究了颗粒饲料和粉状料对乳猪的教槽效果。结果表明颗粒料教槽效果在乳猪7～21日龄时和粉状料相似(P0.05),但是在乳猪21～28日龄颗粒料组乳猪平均日采食量(ADFI)显著高于粉状料组(P0.05);平均日增重(ADG)也高于粉状料组,但是没有显著差异(P0.05);颗粒料和粉状料对乳猪断奶后一周平均日采食量和料肉比(FCR)没有显著影响(P0.05);血清生化指标方面,颗粒料组和粉状料组相比总蛋白、白蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶和尿素氮含量均没有显著变化(P0.05)。     

高剂量维生素E对乳猪生长性能的影响

试验１猪舍条件差，饲喂粉状料。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别饲喂维生素Ｅ量为１２对照）、２０、４０、６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的基础日粮，３５ｄ试验结果，平均日增重１７２、１７７、２００、２２５ｇ；料重比０．４６０、０．４５６、０．４３１、０．４１３；死亡率１６．６７％、７．１４％、６．６７％、０。试验２猪舍条件优越，饲喂颗粒料。Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组分别饲喂维生素Ｅ量为１２（对照）、３０、６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的基础日粮，４２ｄ试验结     

液态或颗粒饲料添加精氨酸对21～42 d断奶仔猪生长性能和血浆氨基酸水平的影响

文章旨在研究饲喂颗粒料或液态料以及日粮添加精氨酸对断奶仔猪生长性能及血浆必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量的影响。试验选择21 d断奶的健康仔猪672头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复28头。试验日粮采用2×2多因素方差设计,2种饲料形态(液态料或颗粒料),2个精氨酸水平(0或6 g/kg精氨酸),试验共进行21 d。断奶后前10 d饲喂液态料较颗粒料显著改善了仔猪的平均日采食量、平均日增重和料比(P<0.05);在断奶后第11~13天液态料向颗粒料过渡阶段,液态料组较颗粒料组对日增重和料比具有负面影响(P<0.05);饲料形态和添加精氨酸以及饲料形态和仔猪日龄对断奶仔猪的平均日采食量的影响具有显著交互效应(P<0.05)。断奶后前10 d,饲喂液态料的仔猪较颗粒显著提高了干物质摄入量(P<0.05);断奶后前10 d饲喂添加精氨酸的液态料仔猪,由液态料向固体料过渡,显著提高了采食量和日增重(P<0.05)。液态或颗粒饲料添加精氨酸显著降低了断奶仔猪血浆尿素氮含量(P<0.05);饲喂液态料的断奶仔猪在28和37 d较颗粒料组显著降低了血浆尿素氮含量(P<0.05)。除了色氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酸和甘氨酸外,液态料较颗粒料均显著提高了断奶仔猪血浆氨基酸水平(P<0.05);颗粒料或液态料添加精氨酸显著提高了断奶仔猪血浆亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸和甘氨酸水平(P<0.05)。综上所述,断奶后仔猪饲喂液态料可以提高生长性能,但无论颗粒料还是液态料添加精氨酸均可以显著提高血浆精氨酸水平,降低尿素氮含量。     

干料和湿料对断奶仔猪生长性能和经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究干料和湿料对断奶仔猪生长性能和综合经济效益的影响。试验选80头(28±1)日龄、体重5.5 kg左右的健康三元杂种断奶仔猪,随机分为两组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头仔猪(公母各半)。2个处理组分别饲喂干料(颗粒料)和湿料(颗粒料加水制作而成),试验期为14 d。试验结果显示:1)生长性能:①湿料饲喂诱食性优于干料饲喂。②湿料组与干料组在生长性能方面(日增重、料重比、日采食量)差异不显著(P>0.05),但湿料组对断奶仔猪生长性能方面有明显改善趋势。2)综合经济效益:湿料组每千克增重饲料成本4.67元,干料组每千克增重饲料成本4.99元,湿料组综合经济效益较好。该试验条件下,断奶仔猪使用湿料方式饲喂具有较好的诱食效果,并改善了断奶仔猪的生长性能,且获得了较好的经济效益。     

高剂量维生素E对乳猪生产性能的影响

试验１猪舍条件差，饲喂粉状料。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别饲喂维生素Ｅ量为１２（对照）、２０、４０、６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的基础日粮，３５ｄ试验结果：平均日增重１７２、１７７、２００、２２５ｇ；料重比０．４６０、０．４５６、０．４３１、０．４１３；死亡率１６．６７％、７．１４％、６．６７％、０。试验２猪舍条件优越，饲喂颗粒料。Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组分别饲喂维生素Ｅ量为１２（对照）、３０、６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的基础日粮，４２ｄ试验结果：平均日增重１８６、２０８、２４４ｇ；料重比０．６４、０．５４、０．４８；死亡率３．４５％、３．３３％、３．３３％。试验结果表明，不管猪舍条件优劣，无论饲料形状，随着维生素Ｅ添加量的增加，乳猪日增重，饲料利用率显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）提高。且在猪舍环境条件差的条件下，高剂量维生素Ｅ预防仔猪猝死症，降低死亡率的作用效果更为明显。     

4种教槽料对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻和皮毛的影响

试验选取160头体重7．02．4±0．505kg的健康断奶仔猪,随机分4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复10头猪。分别饲喂粉料^组、扮料B组、颗粒料C组和粉料D组。结果表明：断奶后10d试验期内,扮料A组仔猪采食量和日增重均显著高于粉料B组和颗柱料C组（P〈0．05）,与粉料D组差异不显著（P〉0．05）;粉料B组和颗粒料C组采食量．日增重均差异显著（P〈0．05）。粉料A组仔猪料肉比与扮料B组和颗粒料C组差异均显著（P〈0．0,5）,与粉料D组相比,粉料A组料肉比降低4．76％。腹泻率和腹泻指数粉料A组和粉料D组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但与粉料B组和颗拉料C组间差异显著（P〈0．05）。除颗粒料C组皮毛指数与各组存在显著差异外（P〈0．05）,各组间均差异不显著（P〉0．05）。以上结果表明,粉料A和粉料D提高断奶仔猪生产性能、降低仔猪腹泻率、生产效果最佳。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.