牛中华泰勒虫(Theileria sinensis sp.nov.)新种Ⅰ.传统分类学研究

对分离自我甘肃中部地区土种黄牛体的泰勒虫未定种作了鉴定。与环形泰勒虫（T.annulata)、瑟氏泰勒虫（T.sergenti)、小泰勒虫（T.parva)、突变泰勒虫（T.mutans)、斑羚泰勒虫（T.tautotragi)、附膜泰勒虫（T.velifera)、水牛泰勒虫（T.buffeli)作了形态学上的比较研究，观察到该未定种除了泰勒虫所共有形态外，还有其它泰勒虫所没有的且难以描述的特异形态，尤其对染虫率高峰期，特异形态占虫体总数的20％左右。该种还具有出芽增殖的特性，可在除脾牛体内大量繁殖，染虫率可达52．69％的高峰，试验感染牛出现高烧、极度贫血、精神沉郁、食欲不振等临床症状，导致个别牛只死亡，剖检观察到某些脏器有严重病变，表明具有一定的致病力。媒介蜱尚不清楚，但已证实，在我国传播家畜泰勒虫和巴贝斯虫的7种媒介蜱对该种无传播能力。传统分类学研究结果表明，该种不同于已知牛泰勒虫有效种，系一新种。由于这一新种首次在中国分离到，因而被命名为中华泰勒虫（Theileria sinensis sp.nov.)（梨形虫亚目：泰勒虫科）。     

牛中华泰勒虫(Theileria sinensis sp·nov.)新种Ⅰ.传统分类学研究

对分离自我国甘肃中部地区土种黄牛体的泰勒虫未定种作了鉴定.与环形泰勒虫(T.annulata)、瑟氏泰勒虫(T.sergenti)、小泰勒虫(T.parva)、突变泰勒虫(T.mutans)、斑羚泰勒虫(T.tautotragi)、附膜泰勒虫(T.velifera)、水牛泰勒虫(T.buffeli)作了形态学上的比较研究,观察到该未定种除了泰勒虫所共有形态外,还有其它泰勒虫所没有的且难以描述的特异形态,尤其在染虫率高峰期,特异形态占虫体总数的20%左右.该种还具有出芽增殖的特性,可在除脾牛体内大量繁殖,染虫率可达52.69%的高峰,试验感染牛出现高烧、极度贫血、精神沉郁、食欲不振等临床症状,导致个别牛只死亡,剖检观察到某些脏器有严重病变,表明具有一定的致病力.媒介蜱尚不清楚,但已证实,在我国传播家畜泰勒虫和巴贝斯虫的7种媒介蜱对该种无传播能力.传统分类学研究结果表明,该种不同于已知牛泰勒虫有效种,系一新种.由于这一新种首次在中国分离到,因而被命名为中华泰勒虫(Theileria sinensis sp.nov.)(梨形虫亚目泰勒虫科).     

四川省攀西地区羊梨形虫的分子流行病学调查

为了解四川省攀西地区羊梨形虫的感染情况及种类分布,本研究采用原虫、泰勒虫18S rRNA基因通用引物和种特异性引物对采集自凉山州和攀枝花市7个县/市的497份羊血样样品进行套式PCR检测,并对阳性样品进行测序和序列分析.结果显示,攀西地区7个县/市羊梨形虫阳性率为11.27％(56/497),其中吕氏泰勒虫、尤氏泰勒虫...     

吉林省牛瑟氏泰勒虫病分子流行病学调查

为了解吉林省牛瑟氏泰勒虫病感染情况,本试验根据牛瑟氏泰勒虫18S rRNA基因序列设计引物,应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法对吉林省珲春、通化、安图、舒兰、龙井、辽源、白山共7个县市采集的247份血液样本进行了牛瑟氏泰勒虫病分子流行病学调查,并进行不同地区、不同饲养方式、不同性别及不同年龄之间的比较。结果显示,牛瑟氏泰勒虫总体阳性率为39.68%(98/247),其中通化阳性率最高为70.00%(14/20),龙井阳性率最低为20.00%(8/40),地区之间除安图和白山差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其他各地区之间均差异显著(P<0.05);散养牛阳性率64.44%(58/90)与规模化养殖牛阳性率25.48%(40/157)之间差异极显著(P<0.01);母牛阳性率38.46%(50/130)与公牛阳性率41.03%(48/117)之间差异不显著(P>0.05);1岁以内牛阳性率为56.67%(34/60),1～3岁牛阳性率为42.22%(38/90),3岁以上牛阳性率为26.80%(26/97),不同年龄间差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,吉林省牛瑟...     

牛瑟氏泰勒虫吉林株18S rRNA基因的扩增及系统发育研究

本研究根据GenBank上发表的牛瑟氏泰勒虫18S rRNA基因的核苷酸序列设计并合成1对特异性引物,对寄生于牛体内的瑟氏泰勒虫基因组DNA进行扩增,得到1 356 bp的18S rRNA基因片段,测序后blast分析表明该虫种属牛瑟氏泰勒虫。将该基因片段序列与GenBank中8种已知泰勒虫的相应序列进行比较分析,建立系统发育树。结果表明,牛瑟氏泰勒虫吉林分离株与水牛泰勒虫亲缘关系最近,与小泰勒虫亲缘关系较远。这一结果说明宿主因素对泰勒虫的基因型影响较大。     

Phylogenetic analysis of Theileria sp. from sika deer, Cervus nippon, in Japan

The 18S rRNA genes of Theileria species detected in sika deer, Cervus nippon centralis in Yamaguchi and Cervus nippon yesoensis in Hokkaido, were analyzed. The percent identities of the nucleotide sequences of Theileria from Cervus nippon centralis and Cervus nippon yesoensis were more than 99%. The percent identities of the Theileria sp. from sika deer and Theileria sergenti, Theileria buffeli and Theileria cervi were 97, 96 and 95%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the gene sequences also revealed that Theileria sp. detected from sika deer comprise a clade that is clearly distinct from the clade comprised of Theileria from cattle.     

Investigation of Molecular Etiology of Theileria equi Infection in Three Herds

To explore the prevalence of Theileria equi (T.equi) infection in horse in Guizhou province, the antibody level and 18S rRNA gene were detected from blood samples of Guizhou pony, Southwest horse and Yili horse using competitive ELISA and PCR methods.Giemsa-stained blood smear was prepared to observe T.equi in red blood cells.Intact protozoans of T.equi were observed in red blood cells of horses at Giemsa-stained slide smears with a detection rate of 12.5%.The 18S rRNA gene fragment of T.equi was detected in Guizhou pony, Southwest horse and Yili horse, and the consistent rates with the known nucleotide sequence were 97% to 100%.The PCR result indicated that the positive rates of T.equi in Guizhou pony (76.62%) and Yili horse (73.81%) were similar, which were higher than that in Southwest horse (33.33%).Furthermore, the antibody levels against T.equi in Guizhou pony (24.68%) and Southwest horse (12.12%) were lower than that in Yili horse (31.71%).A weak correlation between the antibody level and the blood physicochemical indexes was calculated from Guizhou pony and Southwest horse, including weak positive correlations with neutrophils numbers, gamma-glutamyl transferase and creatine kinase levels, and weak negative correlations with the numbers of red blood cell, white blood cell, platelet and lymphocyte and contents of hemoglobin.It suggested that a higher proportion of T.equi infection present in three herds.     

3个马群感染马泰勒虫的分子病原学调查

试验采用显微镜观察、PCR和竞争性酶联免疫吸附试验(competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay,cELISA)等方法对贵州矮马、西南马和伊犁马的马泰勒虫病的感染状况进行研究。结果显示,从32份新鲜的血液涂片中,观察到形态完整的马泰勒虫(Theileria equi)虫体,检出率12.5%。从贵州矮马、西南马及伊犁马3个马群血液总DNA中都检测到马泰勒虫的18S rRNA基因片段,与已知序列的同源性为97%~100%;相比之下,贵州矮马与伊犁马的阳性率相近,分别为76.62%和73.81%,西南马较低,仅为33.33%。另外,经cELISA检测,与伊犁马(31.71%)相比,贵州矮马和西南马血液中抗马泰勒虫抗体的阳性率较低,分别为24.68%和12.12%,并与两个马群的血液理化指标存在一定的联系:与中性细胞数量、γ-谷氨酰转移酶和肌酸激酶的含量呈弱正相关;与红细胞、白细胞、血小板、淋巴细胞数量及血红蛋白含量呈弱负相关。这些研究结果提示3个马群中均存在较高比例的马泰勒虫感染。     

Study on some molecular characterization of Babesia orientalis

The study on buffalo babesiosis indicated that its pathogen was different from other Babesia on many aspects such as morphology, transmission and pathogenicity. Therefore, it was named as a new species—Babesia orientalis. In order to prove the validity of this taxon, molecular taxonomic study on the pathogen was done in this experiment. The complete 18S rRNA gene sequence of B. orientalis was determined by PCR. It was sequenced and blasted. The results indicated that the classification of the parasite belonged to the genus Babesia. The 1700 bp complete sequence was compared with 15 other Babesia sp. available in GenBank. The data were analyzed and a phylogenetic tree was established. The results indicated that the hereditary distance of the parasite was close to that of Babesia sp. from South Africa and Babesia ovis, and the hereditary distance was far from Babesia bigemina and B. bovis.     

羊泰勒虫不同PCR检测方法的比较

为寻求快速、有效检测羊泰勒虫的PCR方法,本试验建立了检测羊泰勒虫18SrRNA基因和表面蛋白基因的两种常规PCR方法和一种检测18SrRNA基因的半套式PCR方法,并从其敏感性和临床样本检出率等方面进行了比较。结果显示:上述方法检测羊泰勒虫基因组DNA的最小检测量分别为1.6fg/μL、16fg/μL和0.016fg/μL;检测临床样本阳性检出率分别为31.37%(16/51)、17.64%(9/51)和45.10%(23/51)。3种方法中,检测18SrRNA基因的半套式PCR方法敏感性和临床样本检出率最高,其次为检测18SrRNA基因的常规PCR方法,最后为检测表面蛋白基因的常规PCR方法。结果说明,所建立的半套式PCR方法是一种较好的羊泰勒虫检测方法。     

牛瑟氏泰勒虫不同靶基因PCR检测方法的比较

为筛选出检测牛瑟氏泰勒虫更为特异、敏感的PCR方法,本试验以牛瑟氏泰勒虫p23和p33基因、HSP70基因及18S rRNA基因为靶基因进行PCR检测,并从其敏感性、特异性和临床样本检出率等方面进行了比较。结果显示,4种靶基因引物对牛瑟氏泰勒虫的检测均有较高的特异性,当牛瑟氏泰勒虫基因组DNA浓度为127 ng/μL时,p23、p33、HSP70及18S rRNA4种基因的最小检测量分别为1×105、1×105、1×104和1×106copies/μL;检测临床样本阳性检出率分别为30.19%(16/53)、39.62%(21/53)、47.17%(25/53)和54.72%(29/53)。表明以18SrRNA基因为靶基因的PCR方法从敏感性和临床检出率上明显优于其他3种基因。     

牛的巴贝斯虫18S rRNA基因序列比较研究

对中国已报道的8株牛的巴贝斯虫（包括1株牛巴贝斯虫、1株双芽巴贝斯虫、1株大巴贝斯虫、3株卵形巴贝斯虫和2株巴贝斯虫未定种）的18S rRNA基因序列进行了测定与比较。自感染动物的血液中纯化虫体，提取基因组DNA，PCR扩增靶基因，然后将其连接到pGEM—T Easy载体上，进行克隆测序。研究结果显示：牛的巴贝斯虫18S rRNA基因大小在1653～1699bp之间；用所测得的和自GenBank下载的各种动物的巴贝斯虫18S rRNA基因序列构建了系统发生树，发现由刻点血蜱传播的大巴贝斯虫伊犁株与由长角血蜱传播的3株卵形巴贝斯虫存在明显差别，应属于2个独立种；由小亚璃眼蜱传播的牛巴贝斯虫未定种不同于目前已报道的任何种类，在中国应为一个新种。因而，中国存在5种牛的巴贝斯虫，即：牛巴贝斯虫，双芽巴贝斯虫、大巴贝斯虫，卵形巴贝斯虫和巴贝斯虫未定种。