湖北省越冬水鸟同步调查试点工作完成

根据湖北省湿地资源和越冬水鸟的分布特点,湖北省野生动植物保护总站选定在湖北龙感湖国家级自然保护区、沉湖国际重要湿地、网湖湿地自然保护区范围内开展越冬水鸟同步调查试点工作。     

信息

江西省湿地保护和自然保护区建设工作会议在南昌隆重举行2006年1月18日全省湿地保护和自然保护区建设工作会议在南昌市隆重举行。这次会议的主要任务是,认真贯彻落实《国务院办公厅关于加强湿地保护管理的通知》和全国湿地保护、自然保护区建设、野生鸟类禽流感防控工作会议精神,研究部署新形势下加强全省湿地保护和自然保护区建设工作。大会由江西省林业厅厅长刘礼祖主持,会上首先表彰了在湿地保护和自然保护区建设中做出贡献的先进集体和先进个人。省湿地保护协调小组办公室主任、省林业厅副厅长肖河作了“切实保护青山绿水,建设绿色生态…     

兴凯湖国家级自然保护区规划与效益评价

兴凯湖自然保护区通过项目建设,使保护区内湿地破坏现象得到彻底治理。保护区湿地面积增加,湿地功能得到恢复。同时,进一步完善保护区建设,全面健全各项规章制度,使保护区的保护、科研、监测及宣教工作走上正轨,将建成标准化、规范化的湿地自然保护区。对加强兴凯湖湿地的生物多样性保护,建立完善的湿地监测体系,增强管理机构的保护管理能力;开展宣传教育和培训,提高广大群众的保护意识,引导社区群众开展生态农业、生态旅游等环保项目,促进区域经济的可持续发展。基本建成生物多样性丰富,生态系统良性循环,管理科学高效的国际重要湿地和国家重点野外培训基地。     

江西省湿地保护和自然保护区建设工作会议在南昌隆重举行

2006年1月18日全省湿地保护和自然保护区建设工作会议在南昌市隆重举行。这次会议的主要任务是．认真贯彻落实《国务院办公厅关于加强湿地保护管理的通知》和全国湿地保护、自然保护区建设、野生鸟类禽流感防控工作会议精神，研究部署新形势下加强全省湿地保护和自然保护区建设工作。     

香港米浦沼泽湿地自然保护区管理现状探析

探讨了香港米埔沼泽自然保护区当前所采用的多部门综合管理模式,以管理计划为基础和以监测为工具的科学保护管理决策系统,多途径的保护投入体系,以及当前所取得的积极保护成效,并探析了该湿地保护区保护管理现状对于我国湿地自然保护区走上健康发展道路的启示。     

国家湿地公园生态监测指标体系及案例分析

本文在介绍了国家湿地公园生态监测拟解决的问题的基础上,分析了国家湿地公园生态监测的指标体系和技术方法,并以四川白玉拉龙措国家湿地公园为例,通过生态环境状态监测和影响湿地状态因子监测,保护该湿地公园的生态环境,以期为该公园的湿地生态监测提供科学依据,同时也为其他湿地公园的生态监测提供参考。     

福建泰宁采取措施加强湿地管理

泰宁采取措施加强湿地管理。一是加强宣传教育。结合“世界湿地日”、“爱鸟周”和“野生动物保护宣传月”等活动，广泛宣传湿地保护有关法律法规和湿地保护的目的意义，提高公众自觉保护湿地的意识。二是开展湿地资源调查。2002年对全县湿地资源开展调查，2006年又进行补充调查，查清湿地资源本底数据，全县湿地面积达17760．4hm^2，占土地总面积的11．6％。三是建立湿地资源管理地理信息系统，为合理利用和保护湿地提供依据。四是做好湿地保护规划，完成湿地保护总体规划工作，并拟建立金湖湿地自然保护区。五是加强湿地监测。全县设立监测站2个、监测点3个，并筹集5万余元资金添置调查监测设备，对湿地资源进行动态监测管理，及时掌握湿地变化趋势。     

湖北省新增2处省级湿地自然保护区

近日，湖北省人民政府批准神农架大九湖湿地和咸丰县二仙岩湿地为省级自然保护区。至此，湖北省湿地自然保护区（小区）达到了31个，保护面积为36．33万公顷，占全省湿地总面积的23．25％。     

东方红湿地 雄鸡冠上的明珠

如果说美丽的黑龙江省是祖国这只＂雄鸡＂的鸡冠,那么＂东方红＂湿地保护区便是鸡冠上的明珠!黑龙江东方红湿地国家级自然保护区是集生态保护、科研监测、科学研究、资源管理、生态旅游、宣传教育和生物多样性保护等多种功能于一体的湿地自然保护区。这个湿地保护区是中国长白山系老爷岭余脉与三江平原过渡地带保存非常完整、     

我国应对气候变化林业行动计划发布

国家林业局昨日发布了《应对气候变化林业行动计划》。《计划》确定了林业应对气候变化的五项基本原则：坚持林业发展目标和国家应对气候变化战略相结合,坚持扩大森林面积和提高森林质量相结合,坚持增加碳汇和控制排放相结合,坚持政府主导和社会参与相结合,坚持减缓与适应相结合。林业适应气候变化的7项行动包括提高人工林生态系统的适应性,建立典型森林物种自然保护区,加大重点物种保护的力度,提高野生动物疫源疫病监测预警能力,加强荒漠化地区的植被保护,加强湿地保护的基础工作,建立和完善湿地自然保护区网络。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.