2022年山东省棉花种植面积呈增加态势

根据2021年底对山东省8个主产棉市植棉意向的调查，2022年山东省植棉面积止跌反弹且增幅较大，增幅为20%，是2007年以来棉花种植面积第1次出现明显拐点。分析了2022年山东省植棉意向面积增加的原因，并对促进山东棉花供给侧改革结构性和棉花生产稳定恢复发展提出了建议，包括继续稳定加大政策支持力度、强化科技创新支撑、启动黄河三角洲优质专用棉花产业带建设等。     

完善内地主产棉区棉花补贴机制的思考与建议——以山东省为例

总结了棉花目标价格补贴政策实施以来山东植棉区的实施进展、成效与问题。从国家棉花产业安全和山东省经济社会发展角度,分析了山东植棉区棉花生产的重要地位和保持补贴政策稳定性的重要意义。以山东为例,提出了内地主产棉区棉花补贴政策改革建议。     

以高质量发展的思路破解当前棉花生产困境——以山东省东营市为例

分析了山东省东营市棉花生产的发展历程、面临的困境及其原因。欲破解当前棉花生产困境，须采用高质量发展的思路，通过落实三项政策（强化棉田土地流转补贴政策，强化对棉田特别是盐碱地棉田基础设施建设的支持政策，加大对棉花管理采收机械的补贴力度），实现三个转变（实现一家一户的种植模式向规模化集约化生产经营方式的转变，实现由单一植棉技术推广方式向新型多元化农技推广方式的转变，实现由单一种植棉花模式向棉花-耐盐碱作物两熟种植制度的转变），在棉花育种、栽培技术集成、棉花产业信息化智能化三方面取得突破，实现棉花产业高质量发展，提高植棉的综合效益，提振棉农植棉的积极性，重新确立棉花在黄河三角洲地区的主导产业地位。     

鲁西北植棉区棉花产业现状及新旧动能转换对策

鲁西北植棉区是山东省棉花主产区，其棉花生产对山东省经济发展具有重要意义。近年来受国家政策、市场需求、产业结构调整、植棉效益等的影响，山东省棉花生产形势发生了很大变化。面对当前形势，通过分析该区棉花生产现状及存在问题，提出了稳定当地棉花生产的对策及新旧动能转换思路。     

从聊城植棉情况谈抗虫棉轻简化生产技术

通过对山东省聊城市植棉情况的调研,简要回顾了山东省聊城市历史上植棉情况以及棉花生产大发展的原因,客观地分析了当前棉花生产面临棉农植棉积极性不高,植棉面积持续下滑等难题。指出了棉花发展的根本出路在于实施节本增效的棉花轻简化机械化生产新技术,以保持棉花生产的可持续发展。     

山东省滨州市棉种产业发展历程、现状及建议

山东省滨州市植棉历史悠久，曾是棉花生产大市，杂交棉制种产业曾是当地的支柱产业。但近年随着当地植棉面积下滑，棉种产业发展也进入低谷。结合滨州市棉花种植面积变化，介绍了滨州市棉种产业的现状，指出了其中存在的问题，分析了滨州棉种产业的发展前景，并提出了一些发展建议，以期为当地政府制定棉种产业支持政策、棉种企业确定发展方向提供参考。     

棉花流通所受政策影响剖析

本文对近几年来国家在棉花流通领域实行的主要政策进行了回顾，分析了这些政策对棉花生产收购产生的负面影响；针对山东省１９９５年严峻的棉花生产形势，提出了植棉政策建议。     

山东省东营市棉花提质增效的目标及政策措施建议

正近年来,棉花品质结构不能适应纺织工业转型升级的需要,国产棉竞争力下降;棉花生产规模化、机械化水平低,生产效率难以提高;劳动力价格上升,植棉成本提高,导致棉花生产效益降低,植棉意向连年下降,产业萎缩。本文以破解棉花生产存在的问题为基本定位,以创新棉花生产方式为基本路径,提出了山东省东营市棉花提质增效的目标、措施及政策保障。     

山东机械化植棉技术的建立与应用

结合山东省自然条件和生产实际,集成建立了现代植棉条件下棉花机械化生产技术,包括棉花土壤整耕技术、机械化播种技术、田间管理机械化运用技术、脱叶催熟技术以及棉花机械化采收技术;提出了与棉花机械化生产相关的各学科通力合作,促进山东省棉花生产全程机械化发展的策略。     

黄河三角洲棉花与西瓜同膜带间作增效种植模式及技术规程#br#

黄河三角洲植棉区是山东省重要棉花产区,一直以一熟制棉花种植为主。这种单作种植方式导致植棉效益降低,棉田面积大幅减少,严重制约棉花生产的持续稳定发展。目前,该区植棉效益和面积仍呈下滑的态势,棉花生产形势十分严峻。针对上述情况,以提高植棉综合效益、增加农民收入为目标,以高产高效种植模式研究攻关为突破口,创建了适宜黄河三角洲植棉区推广应用的棉花与西瓜同膜带间作增效种植模式,并制订了规范化技术规程,促进该区棉花产业升级和生态高效农业的发展。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.