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利用玉米酒精糟生产蛋白饲料 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
合剂:403,蚯蚓饲料:401,雏鸡:399,体腔液:368,鳝池:359,产卵率:341,牛蛙养殖:340,体内寄生虫:339中国科学院水生生物研究所最近在鱼类抗病毒和免疫的分子研究上取得突破,分离、鉴定了一 相似文献
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在过去的几年里,几位研究者已经发现,酒精生产的玉米副产品是牛和猪的优良饲料。 相似文献
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近年来 ,由于节能技术和设备效率的提高 ,玉米酒精糟液已成为生产蛋白饲料的重要原料。在国外早已有成熟经验 ,即采用玉米酒精废液 ,用固液分离、浓缩、干燥的办法 ,获得玉米酒精糟的颗粒饲料 ,商品名称为DDGS ,即含有可溶性固体的干燥蒸馏废液颗粒饲料 ,英文是Dis tillersDriedGrainsWithSolubles,本文对此予以介绍。过去对玉米酒精蒸馏废液的处理 ,只作简单过滤 ,将滤渣干燥作饲料 ,而滤清液排放了。这种滤渣干燥获得的饲料 ,简称DDG(DistillersDriedGrains) ,这种饲料… 相似文献
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用玉米酒精糟液制取全干燥蛋白饲料 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
近年来,由于节能技术和设备效率的提高,玉米酒精糟液已成为生产蛋白饲料的重要原料。在国外早已有成熟经验,即采用玉米酒精废液,用固液分离、浓缩、干燥的办法,获得玉米酒精糟的颗粒饲料,商品名称为DDGS,即含有可溶性固体的干燥蒸馏废液颗粒饲料,英文是Dis... 相似文献
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<正> 一、生产工艺 1.工艺路线利用酒精废糟液经糟液分离后的废液为基质,添加部分营养物质。采用假丝酵母属C—Ⅰ和C—Ⅱ双株混合通风流加半连续培养发酵,再经分离浓缩、干燥而制得单细胞蛋白饲料酵母。 2.工艺流程见图 3.菌种采用经筛选的适合玉米酒精废水生产单细胞蛋白的C—Ⅰ和C—Ⅱ菌株。 4.培养基 (1) 斜面固体培养基:5°B×麦芽汁、2%琼脂、0.1MP_a蒸汽灭菌15分钟。 (2) 种瓶培养基:5°B×麦芽汁、0.1MP_a蒸汽灭菌15分钟。 (3) 一级种子罐液体培养基:以葡萄糖母液配成5%糖度溶液,加0.1磷酸氢二钾、0.1%硫酸铵、0.1硫酸镁、0.5%玉米浆。 相似文献
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玉米酒精糟(DDGS)作为乙醇工业的副产品,正越来越多的被用作猪日粮的一部分。然而研究发现,即使采用的原料相同。DDGS中的化学成分也是有差异的(Cromwell等,1993;Spiehs等,2002)。这种差异可能与发酵效率、烘干温度和加入到干酒糟中可溶物的量有关。 相似文献
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Comparison of transcutaneous ultrasound over the right flank with transrectal ultrasound for pregnancy diagnosis in the dairy cow 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
JC Hunnam TJ Parkinson N Lopez-Villalobos S McDougall 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(8):318-322
Objective Evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of transrectal ultrasound and transcutaneous ultrasonography across the right flank between days 31 and 196 of pregnancy in the dairy cow.
Procedure Pregnancy status and stage of gestation at date of pregnancy diagnosis by transcutaneous and transrectal ultrasonography were determined for 1570 dairy cattle. Sensitivity and specificity values and probabilities of a correct diagnosis for both techniques were determined and compared. Possible effects of gestational age, herd, method of transcutaneous ultrasound diagnosis, cow age, cow and bull breed, and calf sex on the determination of a correct diagnosis of pregnancy status were evaluated for both techniques.
Results The overall sensitivity and probability of a correct diagnosis of pregnancy status from days 31 to 196 of gestation were significantly higher when using transrectal ultrasound relative to transcutaneous ultrasound over the right flank. However, the sensitivity of transcutaneous ultrasound changed over the course of pregnancy: it was low (7–8%) before day 84, increased to 89% between days 141 and 154, and was close to 100% thereafter. The specificity of both methods did not differ significantly. Herd and gestational age at date of pregnancy diagnosis were significantly associated with making a correct test result using transcutaneous ultrasound, although only the latter predictor was significantly associated with making a correct test result using transrectal ultrasound.
Conclusion Transcutaneous ultrasound can not be recommended as an accurate method for early pregnancy diagnosis in the dairy cow, particularly on a whole-herd basis. However, if pregnancy testing is undertaken in mid to late gestation, this technique could provide an accurate and rapid alternative to transrectal ultrasound or manual palpation per rectum. 相似文献
Procedure Pregnancy status and stage of gestation at date of pregnancy diagnosis by transcutaneous and transrectal ultrasonography were determined for 1570 dairy cattle. Sensitivity and specificity values and probabilities of a correct diagnosis for both techniques were determined and compared. Possible effects of gestational age, herd, method of transcutaneous ultrasound diagnosis, cow age, cow and bull breed, and calf sex on the determination of a correct diagnosis of pregnancy status were evaluated for both techniques.
Results The overall sensitivity and probability of a correct diagnosis of pregnancy status from days 31 to 196 of gestation were significantly higher when using transrectal ultrasound relative to transcutaneous ultrasound over the right flank. However, the sensitivity of transcutaneous ultrasound changed over the course of pregnancy: it was low (7–8%) before day 84, increased to 89% between days 141 and 154, and was close to 100% thereafter. The specificity of both methods did not differ significantly. Herd and gestational age at date of pregnancy diagnosis were significantly associated with making a correct test result using transcutaneous ultrasound, although only the latter predictor was significantly associated with making a correct test result using transrectal ultrasound.
Conclusion Transcutaneous ultrasound can not be recommended as an accurate method for early pregnancy diagnosis in the dairy cow, particularly on a whole-herd basis. However, if pregnancy testing is undertaken in mid to late gestation, this technique could provide an accurate and rapid alternative to transrectal ultrasound or manual palpation per rectum. 相似文献
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[目的]估算了山东省牛粪便的总量及其养分的负荷量和占当年排泄污染物的比例。[方法]根据2010年山东省和各地市牛存栏的行业和统计局两套数据和2012年行业数据,通过计算参数和估算的方法算出了牛粪产生总量。[结果]全省牛粪总共约在7000~9700万 t 之间,占当年所有畜禽粪便产生量的34.07%~37.37%之间,即三分之一以上。德州、济南两市单是牛粪便的土地承载量分别达到了29.7 t/hm2和27.4 t/hm2,接近了欧洲标准30 t/hm2的限量值。[结论]应该引起我们对全省牛业发展方式和发展战略的高度重视。 相似文献
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黑龙江省主要栽培的禾本科牧草对奶牛的营养价值评价 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过对常见的13种栽培禾本科牧草的常规营养成分测定及用尼龙袋法测定的干物质在瘤胃72 h降解率(RDMD)的测定,结果表明:l)用营养成分和RDMD等指标进行评定,2个冰草Agropyron cristatum品种营养价值最高,猫尾草Phleum pratense次之,3个披碱草Puccinellia tenuiflora品种居中,羊草Leymuschinensis和墨西哥玉米Zea mays较差,谷莠子Setaria anceps和稗草Echinochloa crusgalli最差。2)禾本科牧草RDMD与ADF、ADL含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.05)。利用回归方程可以用ADF、ADL含量来预测禾本科牧草的RDMD。3)应用干物质采食量(DMI)、产奶净能(NEL)估测模型计算了各种禾本科牧草的分级指数(GI)值,并参照豆科和禾本科牧草质量分级标准对研究测定的禾本科牧草等级进行划分,其结果是:符合优质牧草等级的有高冰草、中间冰草,符合中等牧草等级标准的有无芒雀麦Bromus inermis、垂穗披碱草、东北羊草、吉生羊草、百特猫尾草、猎犬披碱草、润宝高丹草Sorghum×Sudan。属于劣质牧草的有粗穗披碱草Elymus dahuricus、墨西哥玉米、稗草、谷莠子。4)用单一的营养指标如化学成分、干物质降解率不能准确地评价牧草的营养价值。只有综合考虑DMI、养分含量、消化率和有效能才能对牧草的营养价值做出正确的评价。使用GI值能明显区分养分含量差异很小的不同种类牧草,这说明分级指数是评价牧草营养价值的最权威指标。 相似文献
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乙酰辅酯A∶二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT1)是甘油三脂合成过程中唯一的关键酶,对动物机体脂肪代谢、沉积起重要作用,已成为研究奶牛泌乳性状和肉牛主要经济性状的重要候选基因之一。近年来,随着相关研究的不断深入,研究者普遍认为DGAT1基因对奶牛的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、乳脂肪酸及空怀天数、输精次数、初配年龄等繁殖性状均有显著影响,且与肉牛体脂也存在相关性。作者主要介绍了DGAT1基因的遗传多态性及其与经济性状关联分析在中国各地区不同品种奶牛、肉牛、水牛和牦牛上的研究进展,指出该基因对奶牛的产奶性能及肉牛的肉质性状、生长性状具有重要的调控作用。但由于环境条件、品种及选育背景等因素影响,DGAT1基因遗传多态性对不同地区不同牛群体的经济性状影响不尽相同。因此,要将DGAT1基因实际应用在品种选育工作中还需明确该基因对研究群体的具体遗传效应,并结合其他候选基因进行综合分析。 相似文献
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Selda Uzal Seyfi 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(10):708-717
The lying and standing behavior of dairy cattle reveal whether dairy cattle housing is appropriate to cow comfort. Lying and standing behavior indexes, such as cow comfort index (CCI), cow stress index (CSI) and stall usage index (SUI) are often used as an indication of animal welfare. This study was performed to determine the seasonal and hourly variation of cow behavioral indexes at different daily time periods (DTP) and evaluate appropriate DTP better representing daily behavioral activity of dairy cattle in free‐stall housing (FHS) in Konya, Turkey. Animal behaviors were videotaped for a total of 24 days (576 h) over four seasons in a FHS at a commercial dairy farm from November 2007 to March 2009 using continuous video data (24 h per day). The behaviors of cows in the barn were evaluated using 60‐min scan sampling. All phenotypes were evaluated on an hourly basis during the experimental period. The results show how these indexes can be accurately evaluated by analyzing video recordings taken on DTP between 08.00–15.00 and 19.00–24.00 hours for autumn and summer and 10.00–12.00 and 20.00–22.00 hours for spring, instead of continuous observation (r > 0.93, P < 0.01). Consequently, the evaluated method provides saving time and labor to accurately analyze cow behavior instead of observations over a long time. 相似文献