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菠萝蜜因果实香甜深受大众喜爱,市场前景非常广阔,但常规种子繁殖难以保持其优良性状且嫁接法繁殖成活率极低。组培快繁技术在许多珍稀名优植物繁殖上已有广泛应用,但目前还没有应用于菠萝蜜生产实践的报道。组培过程中发现,菠萝蜜茎尖褐化严重,导致无性繁殖体系难以建立,为有效探究褐化的克服措施,促进菠萝蜜组培快繁技术体系的建立,为构建菠萝蜜种苗繁育技术体系及其产业化生产示范提供理论依据。以菠萝蜜品种‘海大2号’茎尖为外植体,利用不同时长低温预处理后将外植体接种至不同浓度的PVP培养基中对其进行初代培养,15 d后分别统计其褐化率和萌芽率,并通过测定其PPO活性变化、总酚及总黄酮含量,探究外植体经过低温预处理后不同浓度PVP对菠萝蜜茎尖组织培养中褐化的抑制情况。结果表明:茎尖经过12~24 h低温处理后再接入添加2.0 g/L PVP的1/2 MS培养基中,这一处理下菠萝蜜外植体的褐化率最低且萌芽率最高。且验证结果表明,此方法有利于菠萝蜜外植体的增殖。 相似文献
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为确定快速粘度计(rapid visco analyzer, RVA)制备菠萝蜜淀粉-椰子油复合物的最佳工艺条件,探讨椰子油添加量、复合时间、复合温度3个因素对菠萝蜜淀粉-椰子油复合物的复合指数的影响。在此基础上,利用Box-Benhnken响应面法优化RVA制备菠萝蜜淀粉-椰子油复合物的工艺条件。此外,对比了菠萝蜜淀粉和复合物的糊化特性、膨胀力和溶解性。结果表明,菠萝蜜淀粉-椰子油复合物的最佳制备条件参数为:椰子油添加量为4%,复合时间为2.40 min,复合温度为90.70℃。在最佳条件下,菠萝蜜淀粉-椰子油复合物的复合指数理论值为24.64%,实际验证值为24.33%,拟合模型预测值与实际验证结果吻合。复合物的糊化温度、峰值黏度和谷值黏度高于原淀粉,而最终黏度和回生值有所下降,说明复合物的热稳定性提高;复合物的形成阻止了淀粉膨胀,导致膨胀力和溶解度相较原淀粉明显降低。 相似文献
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在野外考察中发现了菠萝蜜白化突变体,并对其形态和生理方面进行了研究。通过分光光度计法、离体称量法、比色法等比较研究菠萝蜜实生白化苗与正常苗在形态指标和生理指标方面的差异。结果表明:菠萝蜜白化突变体的株高、侧根密度、茎粗、叶柄长、叶片长、叶片宽、叶面积、叶周长、叶绿素含量均低于正常苗,而含水量、蒸腾速率、脯氨酸含量均高于正常苗。菠萝蜜白化突变体和正常苗无论在形态还是生理上都有很大的差别。本研究不仅为木本经济作物白化突变体的研究提供材料,而且为进一步研究菠萝蜜白化苗的形成机制提供参考依据。 相似文献
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通过分析研究不同加工方法对菠萝蜜理化特性和风味成分的变化,以期为菠萝蜜加工提供实验基础和借鉴作用。对菠萝蜜进行热风干燥和蒸煮处理,取鲜样、干燥及蒸煮处理3种样品分别进行粉碎,分析不同加工方法对菠萝蜜的粒径大小、水合能力和持油性的影响,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(HS-SPMEGC-MS)分离鉴定其风味成分。结果表明,蒸煮菠萝蜜粉碎后粒径分布较鲜样和干燥样品集中,干燥加工后的持水性和膨胀性较鲜样和蒸煮样品强,持水性分别是鲜样的1.70倍和2.04倍,膨胀性分别为蒸煮样品的5.40倍和13.50倍;蒸煮有助于提高菠萝蜜的持油性,增强风味成分,其风味化合物中酯类化合物达28种,多于鲜样品的11种和干燥样品的10种。 相似文献
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Tomatoes are widely cultivated in developing countries and are a major source of income for small-scale farmers. Yields of field-grown tomatoes vary considerably under tropical conditions but the main factors that limit yields remain to be identified. To this end, we conducted an on-farm survey in 22 fields in 2003 and in 28 fields in 2005 in a range of socio-economic settings typical of smallholder farms on the island of Mayotte (Indian Ocean). Data on crop management, fulfilment of water requirements, weed density, nitrogen absorption by the crop and nutrient availability in the soil, as well as the sanitary status of the crop were recorded at two-week intervals throughout the crop cycle. The data were analysed by principal component analysis, and multiple linear regression. Yields varied between years and sites from 0.7 to 45.3 t ha−1 in 2003 and from 8.1 to 89.1 t ha−1 in 2005. In 2003, the number of fruits per m2, fruit weight, the health status of the crop, and the cation exchange capacity of the soil explained 84.7% of yield variability among fields. In 2005, the number of fruits per m2 and the health status of the crop explained 84% of yield variability. In 2003, 61.8% of the variability of the number of fruits per m2 was explained by health status and the number of plants per m2, whereas in 2005, 65.6% of the variability was explained by health status, the number of pesticide applications, and planting density. The results of this study indicate that tomato yield could be increased by improving the health status of the crop by improving the efficiency of crop protection practices and by increasing planting density. 相似文献
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通过对当前我国高校助学金和助学金工作现状,及其对学生的负面影响的分析,提出建立高校无息借款助学储备金,变助学金无偿资助为有偿资助的新的高校助学金使用方式。 相似文献
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小麦植株水分状况的实时监测和快速诊断对提高农业水分利用效率和作物产量具有关键作用。本文在概述水分监测对小麦重要性的基础上,简要介绍了植株水分遥感监测诊断技术的发展历程和研究现状,明确了不同水分诊断指标的适用条件和优缺点。最后,提出当前研究存在的问题并对发展趋势进行了展望:应加强遥感信息与土壤、气象和表型信息等数据的融合,建立新型水分诊断指标;综合利用星-机-地一体化监测体系,发展数据同化技术;优化遥感数据处理方法,建立自动化处理流程;深入研究小麦需水生理过程和调控机理,结合人工智能等现代技术,实现智能化水分管理。 相似文献
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Detailed soil and vegetation analysis at Pant-y-dwr Hill Centre illustrated the main physical, chemical and biological factors involved in low output from rough grazing on 5 soil series, ranging from acid brown earth to undifferentiated peat, which are representative of most of upland mid-Wales. While all the soils, derived from Silurian shale, had low pH and base saturation status and high lime, phosphate and potash requirements, the principal restraint on the productivity of resown grassland, particularly on the wet peaty gleys, was low available N status. 相似文献
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Prophyra-334 (p-334) may play a role of energy transfer under an uncertain mechanism, and we speculate the possible model. Via 1D and 2D NMR experiments, it was simulated the correlation between dissociation and conformation of p-334. Intramolecular interactions were observed based on a series of changes in the 1H and 13C chemical shifts. Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy experiments and molecular models in various pD conditions indicated the p-334 molecular dissociation process status. In addition, we also used Chem3D software to find the most possible molecular conformation. The relationship between the structural status and energy conversion is explained. Those are the primary results. More researches on it are highly expected in the future. 相似文献