鸡传染性腺胃炎的诊断与防治

鸡传染性病毒性腺胃炎是以腺胃肿大、腺胃乳头出血溃疡为主要特征的传染病,该病多发生于雏鸡,主要表现为生长停滞和消瘦,剖捡可见特征性腺胃炎变化胸腺和法氏囊萎缩,胰腺坏死。本文就该病的流行病学,病理变化,临床症状,鉴别诊断及防治措施做了叙述,为养殖户有效诊断和防治鸡传染性腺胃炎提供参考。     

肉鸡腺胃炎发病的特点及预防对策

2010年下半年来,本地肉鸡群大范围发生腺胃疾病,以肉仔鸡生长迟缓、苍白、消瘦、粪便中有未消化饲料为主要特征,因该病临床症状病理变化表现不一,病原众说纷纭,有称是传染性腺胃炎,本     

鸡肌胃腺胃炎的诊断及防控

鸡腺胃炎和肌胃糜烂已经成为危害家禽养殖业最为常见的疾病之一,主要表现为采食量低下,生长迟缓,群体整齐度差,饲料消化不良、排饲料便,机体免疫抑制,易于感染各种疾病。本文介绍了该病的流行特点、临床症状、病理变化、病因分析以及防控措施。     

肉仔鸡腺胃炎的防治

<正>近日来,肉鸡的腺胃炎频频发生,成为影响本时期肉鸡养殖的一个重要疾病,笔者在此谈一下有关腺胃炎的防治问题。1发病情况肉鸡的腺肌胃炎是一种以家禽生长不良、消瘦、整齐度差,过料等外观症状,腺胃肿大,或腺胃乳头扁平甚至消失,腺胃黏膜出血溃疡、脱落、肌胃内金和肌胃粘膜面火山口样溃疡、肌胃糜烂为主要特征的流行病。该病的临床症状、病理变化不尽相同,病原说法不一。自1978年在荷兰首次被报道外,世界各地均有此病发     

鸡腺胃炎致病因素研究进展

鸡腺胃炎在我国多个地区流行,给养鸡业造成严重损失。通过阐述鸡腺胃炎的流行范围、特点、临床症状和病理变化,分析了诱发该病的传染性与非传染性两大主要因素,提出了相应的防控思考,有助于增强行业对鸡腺胃炎的了解与重视,为该病的防治提供参考。     

鸡腺胃炎非传染性致病因素研究进展

鸡腺胃炎给养鸡业造成了严重的经济损失。本文概述了鸡腺胃炎的临床症状和病理变化,分析了诱发该病的非传染性因素,提出了相应的防控思路,有助于对该病的防治提供参考。     

肉鸡腺胃炎的综合防治

本文对鸡腺胃炎的发病及原因、临床症状、病理变化和防治措施进行了综述,以加深养殖者对该病的科学认识,掌握防治关键技术,从而积极有效地预防腺胃炎的发生。     

1例肉鸡腺胃肌胃炎的诊治

肉鸡腺胃肌胃炎已经屡见不鲜,主要表现采食下降,生长缓慢,料肉比高,一般致死率低,往往不被重视,但是据统计,腺胃肌胃炎造成的损失每年占鸡病之首,本文介绍了该病的发病情况、解剖症状、诊断和治疗方法。     

双黄连口服液加减在鸡腺肌胃炎上的应用效果

正鸡的腺肌胃炎是由某种或某几种因素导致鸡只腺胃和肌胃病理变化所表现出来症状的统称,而非是一种疾病。鸡腺肌胃炎最早发生在90年代末,近几年呈现大面积暴发状态,究其主要原因在于种代的垂直传播,导致刚进场的鸡雏就具有腺肌胃炎,临床表现就是不吃料或少吃料,乱飞,体重不达标,粪便有     

近期肉鸡常见病理变化的原因分析

正肉鸡生长周期短,生长速度快,脏器发育与肌肉发育并不均衡,所以其免疫力也较差,容易感染一些细菌、病毒和寄生虫病等。肉鸡养殖的临床实践中有几种经常可见的病理变化,发生率高,影响到肉鸡成活率、料肉比和增重,这些病变的出现具有一定的普遍性和代表性,现介绍如下。1腺胃炎与肌胃炎腺胃炎主要表现在腺胃的异常,包括腺胃的肿胀、腺胃壁增厚、腺胃乳头水肿;到了后期,腺胃会瘫软,腺胃乳头消失。肌胃炎更多表现在     

Proventriculitis in broiler chickens: effects of immunosuppression

Proventriculitis in broilers causes carcass condemnation when swollen proventriculi tear during evisceration. The cause of this proventriculitis is unknown, but several infectious agents have been associated with it. One such agent, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), has been implicated as a cause of proventriculitis, but a direct effect of this virus on the proventriculus has not been proven. The role of IBDV in proventriculitis may be indirect as a result of its ability to cause immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to understand how immunosuppression affects the incidence of proventriculitis in broiler chickens. Immunosuppression was induced in commercial and specific-pathogen-free broiler chickens using chemicals (cyclophosphamide and cyclosporin) or virus (IBDV). All groups were then exposed to a proventricular homogenate produced from diseased birds. At 7 and 14 days postinoculation, the incidence of proventriculitis in these groups was compared to that produced by homogenate exposure in immunocompetent broilers. All birds exposed to the proventricular homogenate from diseased birds developed proventriculitis. Cyclophosphamide and IBDV, both B cell suppressors, did not significantly affect the incidence or characteristics of the proventriculitis observed, although they did have an effect on the size of the proventriculus at 7 days postinoculation. Chickens immunosuppressed with cyclosporin, a T cell suppressor, developed more severe lesions and had a higher incidence of proventriculitis. These findings indicate that both B and T cells are involved in the immune response against proventriculitis, but cell-mediated immunity appears to have a more important role in controlling the disease. IBDV affects both humoral and cellular immunity in the chicken, so although under experimental conditions it didn't have a major effect on proventriculitis, it may explain why control of IBDV in the field seems to reduce the incidence of proventriculitis.     

Proventriculitis in broiler chickens: immunohistochemical characterization of the lymphocytes infiltrating the proventricular glands

Broiler chickens with transmissible proventriculitis have severe lymphocytic infiltration of the proventricular glands. The distribution of T cells and B cells in these infiltrates was studied histopathologically, and their identity was confirmed immunohistochemically (CD3, CD4, CD8, and B cells). To reproduce this disease, 1-day-old commercial boilers were orally gavaged with homogenized proventriculi from broilers with proventriculitis. Resulting lesions were examined at both acute (7 days postinoculation [i]) and chronic (14 and 21 dpi) time points. Lymphocytic infiltrates in the proventricular glands and the mucosal lamina propria were present at all time points and were most prominent and demarcated at 14 dpi. T and B lymphocytes were present during acute and chronic proventriculitis, but their distribution varied within the glands. Lymphocytic infiltrates in the proventricular glands and in the lamina propria were predominantly CD3+T cells, and most of these were also CD8+. B cells and CD4+ T cells formed aggregates in chronic proventriculitis. Thus, both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses are induced during transmissible proventriculitis, and the cell-mediated immune response is morphologically greater.     

Mycotic proventriculitis in gray partridges (Perdix perdix) on two game bird farms

Proventriculitis and chronic respiratory disease were diagnosed in two flocks of gray partridges (Perdix perdix) on unrelated Swedish game bird farms. Affected birds showed loss of condition, respiratory signs, and flock mortality rates of 50 and 98%, respectively. The proventricular lesions were associated closely with fungal organisms that were microscopically indistinguishable from the ascomycetous yeast Macrorhabdus ornithogaster (former provisional name "megabacterium"). At necropsy, the proventriculi were swollen and hyperemic, and viscous mucus adhered to the mucosa. Proventricular hemorrhages were commonly detected, and one bird had proventricular rupture and peritonitis. Microscopically, mild to severe subacute to chronic lymphoplasmacytic proventriculitis, microabscesses, necrosis, epithelial metaplasia, disrupted koilin, ulcers, and hemorrhages were observed. Transmission electron microscopy of the proventricular microorganisms revealed a membrane-bound nucleus, vacuoles, ribosomes, microtubules in parallel arrays, and a two-layered cell wall but no mitochondria. Scanning electron microscopy of the proventricular epithelium demonstrated masses of organisms with occasional constrictions in parallel arrangement. Many of the birds also suffered from concurrent respiratory bacterial infections and/or gastrointestinal candidiasis. The clinical course and gross and microscopic proventricular lesions were similar to those described in psittacine and passerine pet birds colonized by M. ornithogaster-like microorganisms but differed from published case reports and experimental infections of chickens in which the clinical signs and lesions have been considerably milder. The findings presented in this paper suggest that mycotic proventriculitis, presumably associated with M. ornithogaster, may be a serious but possibly opportunistic, although unusual, disease problem in gray partridges on game farms.     

鸡传染性腺胃炎病原学研究进展

鸡传染性腺胃炎是以鸡生长阻滞、腺胃肿大、腺胃乳头出血和溃疡等为主要特征的传染病,多发于雏鸡,以蛋用雏鸡发病较多,近年来,肉鸡发病也有逐渐增多的趋势,给养鸡业带来严重的经济损失。鸡传染性腺胃炎病原复杂,病因众说纷纭,目前尚无定论。为使广大禽病研究者更快速的认识本病,本文就国内外对该病有关的主要病原学的研究进展进行综述。     

Megabacteria-associated proventriculitis in poultry in the state of Brandenburg, Germany]

During the second half of the year 2000, we have diagnosed a megabacterial-associated proventriculitis in 13 laying hens and 4 cocks from 14 different flocks and one turkey. All birds were submitted for necropsy because of progressive runting, increased mortality and poor laying performance in the herds. Routine diagnostic workup included necropsy, histology, bacteriology, parasitology and virology. At necropsy, the proventricular of the birds were enlarged. The walls were thickened and the mucosa covered with cloudy, grey-white mucus. Petechial haemorrhages and ulcerations predominantly at the proventricular-ventricular junction and sloughing of the necrotic koilin layer of the ventriculus were inconsistently present. Megabacteria (approximately 40-50 by 2-4 microns, gram-positive to gram-labile, rod-shaped organisms) were present in large numbers in touch preparations of the proventricular mucosal surface. In some of the preparations, the megabacteria showed a branching pattern similar to fungal hyphae. By histopathology, all birds showed moderate to marked, diffuse lympho-plasmacytic proventriculitis. Heterophilic exudation was present in the terminal portion of the proventriculus, where the greatest numbers of the organism were found. Megabacteria were present in the mucus covering the mucosal surface and the lumina of the superficial proventricular crypts, occasionally invading the luminal epithelium. Megabacterial infection was in general associated with other diseases such as avian tuberculosis, salmonellosis, coccidiosis, chlamydiosis and various other bacterial and parasitic infections. Only in one hen no other concurrent infectious organism was detected. The turkey had histomoniasis. Wild birds were regarded as probable source of infection, since all affected birds were kept under conditions allowing contact to wild birds and we have diagnosed megabacterial infections in wild-living green finches earlier.     

鸡腺胃型传染性支气管炎（综述）

1996年9月份以来，中国青岛及附近地区养鸡场20－90日龄蛋用育成鸡连续发生了一种以流泪，肿眼，伴有呼吸道症状，极度消瘦，拉稀，死亡为特征的一种新的呼吸道传染病。主要剖检表现为腺胃肿大如球状，腺胃壁增厚，腺胃粘膜出血溃疡，腺胃乳头平整融合，轮廓不清，可挤出脓性分泌物的腺胃炎症变化。本病病原通过鸡胚盲传5－6代，电镜观察到典型的冠状病毒。因为引起腺胃的特征性的病理变化，因此将此病暂定名为腺胃型传染性支气管炎。我们青岛地区鸡场的分离株定为QXIBV株。本篇从病原学、临床症状、发病机理和流行病学、免疫学、实验诊断和疾病控制方面进行综合论述。本病与肠型传支在理化特性、形态和毒力上相似，可能是同一种新的IBV变异株。     

鸡腺胃型传染性支气管炎继发大肠杆菌病的诊断与防治

某养殖场饲养的麻黄鸡（882）发生以拉黄绿色稀粪、咳嗽、伸颈张口呼吸、腺胃显著肿大等为特征的病例。通过对送检病死鸡详细解剖病变观察和实验室诊断,结果表明,造成本次疫病发生的主要原因是腺胃型传染性支气管炎病毒感染继发大肠杆菌病。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒免疫机制和免疫预防研究进展

由鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（Infectious bronchitis virus,IBV）引起的鸡传染性支气管炎（Infectious bronchitis,IB）是高度传染的全球性鸡病之一,严重危害养鸡业。IBV众多的血清型及其基因组的不断变异,给IB的免疫防控带来很大的困难。IBV主要侵害鸡的呼吸系统、泌尿生殖系统和消化系统,病鸡出现呼吸困难、产蛋下降、肾炎和腺胃炎等症状和病变。IBV的特点是变异频繁,血清型复杂,所致疾病的临床表现差异很大。因此,IB已成为养禽业最难控制的疫病之一。鸡对IBV的免疫机制是国内外研究的热点之一。传统疫苗已不能完全保护免疫鸡群,开发IBV基因工程疫苗,从主要免疫原性蛋白的良好表达到免疫策略的不断完善,已成为未来预防IB的趋势。