滩湖F1、F2代裘皮性状观测试验

为了提高滩羊繁殖力,增加滩羊二毛皮产量,同时不改变其二毛皮特性,试验采用多胎性好、繁殖力强的湖羊进行杂交的方法,对滩湖F1、F2代裘皮主要性状进行观察和测定,分析其与滩羊同期裘皮的差异。结果表明:滩湖F1、F2代初生重均低于滩羊,滩湖F2代初生重高于滩湖F1代;滩湖F2代35~38日龄毛股自然长度、伸直长度、弯曲数均高于滩湖F1代,差异不显著(P0.05);滩湖F2代羔羊毛用性能虽然较滩湖F1代明显提高,但要达到滩羊二毛期毛用性能仍存在一定差距。     

盐池滩羊主要经济性状的遗传力分析

旨在评价宁夏盐池滩羊选育场近年来舍饲条件下的选育成果,分析滩羊主要经济性状遗传力。从369只羔羊中筛选110只二毛期[(35±5)日龄]羔羊,对其二毛性状进行遗传力计算分析。结果表明,该选育场滩羊的初生重、侧部毛长、侧部弯曲数、35日龄校正体重、35日龄校正侧部毛长、35日龄校正侧部弯曲数的遗传力分别是0.02、0.07、0.04、0.13、0.09和0.12,提示该选育场舍饲滩羊的主要经济性状均属于低遗传力性状。     

舍饲条件下滩羊羔羊二毛性状的研究

对滩羊舍饲后,羔羊初生重、够毛体重以及二毛性状进行了研究。结果表明,舍饲可以提高滩羊羔羊的初生重和够毛体重;能够使肩部毛长有所提高;肩部毛股弯曲数和花穗评分保持稳定。     

乳羔生产技术及其应用

滩羊二毛羔羊45日龄左右屠宰上市由来已久,其肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,被称为肉中之佳品。“靖远羊羔肉”开发注册后,更是供不应求。为此,靖远县近年来多次引进裘皮型小尾寒羊与本地滩羊进行杂交试验,提高滩羊的产羔率。大量试验证明,滩寒杂交所产的“二转子”母羊产羔率高,所产二毛裘皮基本保持了滩羊二毛裘皮的性状。     

滩母羊日粮中铜水平对其羔羊裘皮品质影响的研究

为了研究铜对滩羊裘皮品质的影响,试验采用分组饲喂妊娠后期[(90±10)d]滩母羊,在基础日粮中分别添加了0,7,14,21 mg/kg 4个铜水平,取其二毛羔羊毛样进行裘皮品质分析。结果表明:试验组二毛中铜的含量随日粮中铜含量的增加而增加,二者极显著相关(r=0.802);试验组毛股弯曲数比对照组增加了1.22个弯曲;毛股自然长度与对照组相比增加了1.72 cm,差异显著(P0.05);随铜含量的增加无髓毛变细。说明妊娠后期滩母羊饲粮中铜水平对其羔羊二毛裘皮品质有显著影响(P0.05);日粮中铜含量为20.42 mg时效果最好。     

妊娠后期和哺乳期滩羊母羊日粮能量和蛋白质水平对其羔羊生长速度和裘皮品质的影响

利用宁夏当地资源设计试验,研究舍饲滩羊母羊日粮的不同能量和蛋白质水平对其羔羊生长速度和裘皮品质的影响。结果表明,当日粮消化能为9.80 MJ/kg、粗蛋白质为8.84%时,羔羊初生重、二毛活重和日增重均达到最高值,分别为5.04 kg、11.63 g和200.57 g,而二毛弯曲数最少,为4.55个;当日粮消化能为9.43MJ/kg、粗蛋白质为9.05%时,羔羊二毛弯曲数最多,为5.55个。     

妊娠后期和哺乳期滩羊母羊日粮能量和蛋白质水平对其羔羊生长速度和裘皮品质的影响

利用宁夏当地资源设计试验,研究舍饲滩羊母羊日粮的不同能量和蛋白质水平对其羔羊生长速度和裘皮品质的影响。结果表明,当日粮消化能为9.80 MJ/kg、粗蛋白质为8.84%时,羔羊初生重、二毛活重和日增重均达到最高值,分别为5.04 kg、11.63 g和200.57 g,而二毛弯曲数最少,为4.55个;当日粮消化能为9.43 MJ/kg、粗蛋白质为9.05%时,羔羊二毛弯曲数最多,为5.55个。     

提高滩羊二毛裘皮品质

<正> 滩羊二毛裘皮毛色洁白,光泽悦目,花案清晰美观,轻柔保暖,可谓裘皮中的“珍珠”,驰名中外。宁夏回族自治区为滩羊主产区。近十多年来,生产性能退化严重,据1978年在盐池县(为宁夏滩羊主产县)调查,成年羊中不符合品种要求的花杂色羊占40—50％;二毛裘皮的皮板面积变小,毛股弯曲数减少,花穗变劣,波形不整齐,花案不清晰。1979年盐池县供销社收购的等外皮占21％以上。 导致滩羊生产性能退化的主要原因,是由于外界营养条件的变化和系统深入的选育工作没有跟上去的结果。为提高滩羊二毛裘皮品质,防止退化,应采取以下几项主要措施。     

景泰滩羊品质现状及其选种方法的意见

滩羊是我国优良的裘皮用羊。所产二毛皮制成的皮衣轻、暖、美观、耐用,在国内外享有很高的声誉。景泰是甘肃滩羊二毛裘皮重点产区之一,大力发展滩羊,加速提高二毛裘皮品质,增加毛肉产量,满足人民生活和外贸内销的需要,这是景泰养羊业的重要任务。为此,就景泰滩     

滩羊二毛裘皮品质与其被毛特性的关系

<正> 滩羊二毛裘皮是滩羊品种的中心产品,而决定滩羊裘皮的质量优劣的基本性状则是其毛股弯曲的形态、弯曲数量、弯曲部分毛股的紧实程度以及由这种毛股在整张皮板上所形成的花案状态。为此,我们从研究滩羊二毛期的被毛特性与这些基本性状的关系入手,揭示它们之间的内在联系,进而为改进裘皮质量提供依据。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。