昆明小鼠早期空间认知功能损害具有任务特异性

利用六臂辐射状水迷宫(RAWM)和Morris水迷宫(MWM)任务检测中年和青年昆明小鼠的空间性认知功能差异.结果表明,在RAWM和MWM任务中,12.5月和5月龄鼠均表现出一定的学习效应,即随测试天数的增加而成绩变好.在RAWM中,12.5月龄小鼠学习记忆能力较5月龄小鼠减退,而在MWM中,2个年龄段的小鼠的学习记忆能力无显著差异.以上结果提示昆明小鼠可能早在12.5月龄时就开始出现轻度空间认知功能损害.RAWM可能比MWM更适合小鼠轻度认知功能损害的检测.     

Salicornia bigelovii Torr.: An Oilseed Halophyte for Seawater Irrigation

The terrestrial halophyte, Salicornia bigelovii Torr., was evaluated as an oilseed crop for direct seawater irrigation during 6 years of field trials in an extreme coastal desert environment. Yields of seed and biomass equated or exceeded freshwater oilseed crops such as soybean and sunflower. The seed contained 26 to 33 percent oil, 31 percent protein, and was low in fiber and ash (5 to 7 percent). The oil and meal were extracted by normal milling equipment, and the oil was high in linoleic acid (73 to 75 percent) and could replace soybean oil in chicken diets. The meal had antigrowth factors, attributed to saponins, but could replace soybean meal in chicken diets amended with the saponin antagonist, cholesterol. Salicornia bigelovii appears to be a potentially valuable new oilseed crop for subtropical coastal deserts.     

Stratospheric response to trace gas perturbations: changes in ozone and temperature distributions

The stratospheric concentration of trace gases released in the atmosphere as a result of human activities is increasing at a rate of 5 to 8 percent per year in the case of the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 1 percent per year in the case of methane (CH(4)), and 0.25 percent per year in the case of nitrous oxide (N(2)O). The amount of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) is expected to double before the end of the 21st century. Even if the production of the CFCs remains limited according to the protocol for the protection of the ozone layer signed in September 1987 in Montreal, the abundance of active chlorine (2 parts per billion by volume in the early 1980s) is expected to reach 6 to7 parts per billion by volume by 2050. The impact of these increases on stratospheric temperature and ozone was investigated with a two-dimensional numerical model. The model includes interactive radiation, wave and mean flow dynamics, and 40 trace species. An increase in CFCs caused ozone depletion in the model, with the largest losses near the stratopause and, in the vertical mean, at high latitudes. Increased CO(2) caused ozone amounts to increase through cooling, with the largest increases again near 45 kilometers and at high latitudes. This CO(2)-induced poleward increase reduced the CFC-induced poleward decrease. Poleward and downward ozone transport played a major role in determining the latitudinal variation in column ozone changes.     

吉林省大豆新品种(系)对大豆食心虫抗性分析

2002～2004年,采用田间自然诱发鉴定方法,对吉林省新育成的91份大豆新品种(系)进行了抗大豆食心虫鉴定。鉴定结果表明,表现高抗品种16份,占17.6%;抗虫品种15份,占16.5%;中抗品种24份,占26.4%;感虫品种29份,占31.9%;高感品种7份,占7.7%。参试品种整体抗性水平呈逐年上升趋势。     

High photosynthetic capacity of a winter annual in death valley

Camissonia claviformis, a winter annual of Death Valley, California, that fixes carbon dioxide by the C(3) mechanism, has an in situ photosynthetic rate at midday in spring of nearly 6 nanomoles of carbon dioxide per square centimeter per second-an exceptionally high rate. Camissonia fixes absorbed noon sunlight in the 400- to 700-nanometer region into chemical energy with an efficiency of 8.5 percent, which is 80 percent of that theoretically possible for intact leaves. This performance is primarily due to an unusual capacity to utilize high irradiances. Factors associated with this include a high stomatal conductance to carbon dioxide and high levels of soluble protein and ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase.     

Chloroplast DNA from tobacco leaves

DNA from tobacco leaf chloroplasts was isolated as a single component with a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.702 compared to 1.697 for nuclear DNA. 5-Methylcytosine is present in nuclear DNA but absent in chloroplast DNA. Chloroplast DNA, with a guanine-cytosine content of 43 percent, has a melting temperature of 86 degrees C and renatures completely on slow cooling, whereas nuclear DNA ( melting temperature, 84 degrees C; guanine-cytosine content, 40 percent) does not renature. About 9 percent of the total DNA in tobacco leaves is chloroplast DNA representing about 4.7 xX 10-(15) gram of DNA per chloroplast with a molecular weight of approximately 4 xX 10(7).     

Cretinism in rats: enduring behavioral deficit induced by tricyanoaminopropene

Rats reared on diets containing tricyanoaminopropene, the antithyroid compound that stimulates RNA synthesis, showed a deficit in performance on automated closed-field maze tests many weeks after discontinuation of the drug. The rats were also tested while still receiving the drug, and performance deficits were indicated in tests of Y-maze reversal and manual closed-field maze performance; rats treated with the drug and with thiouracil behaved in a highly similar fashion on several tasks. No evidence of facilitation by tricyanoaminopropene appeared in any of the eight learning situations used. Exposure to tricyanoaminopropene before and after birth, at doses sufficient to produce anatomical cretinism, apparently induces an enduring behavioral deficit which is similar to that of neonatal thyroidectomy-induced cretinism in rats and which parallels the mental retardation associated with human cretinism.     

Distributions of phytoplankton blooms in the southern ocean

A regional pigment retrieval algorithm for the Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) has been tested for the Southern Ocean. The pigment concentrations estimated with this algorithm agree to within 5 percent with in situ values and are more than twice as high as those previously reported. The CZCS data also revealed an asymmetric distribution of enhanced pigments in the waters surrounding Antarctica; in contrast, most surface geophysical properties are symmetrically distributed. The asymmetry is coherent with circumpolar current patterns and the availability of silicic acid in surface waters. Intense blooms (>1 milligram of pigment per cubic meter) that occur downcurrent from continental masses result from dissolved trace elements such as iron derived from shelf sediments and glacial melt.     

加工鲜食兼用山楂新品种选育研究

在山楂资源调查的基础上,从64个品种(品系)中,经10余年的栽培调查试验,选育出果个大、肉红、耐储藏,甜酸适口、香味浓郁,适于鲜食和加工的山楂新品种长把红、秤星红和朱砂红.3个品种的可溶性糖含量均超过10,糖酸比值大,维生素C含量0.535-0.727 6mg/g,有机营养和无机营养丰富,是我国稀有的山楂珍品.同时对其生物学特性、栽培丰产性能进行了观察研究.     

CAUDATE NUCLEUS LESIONS: BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS IN THE RAT

Bilateral lesions within the caudate nucleus led to a marked impairmentc on acquistion and retention tion of a spatial alternation habit but produced no deficit in Hebb-Williams maze performance. Conversely, subtotal bilateral lesions of posterior cortex produced no significant deficit on the alternation habit but markedly impaired maze performance.     

大连市公园绿地植物配置模式研究

为进一步了解和改善大连市公园绿地植物配置模式,采用典型样地取样法,对大连市5个公园样地的植物配置模式进行了研究,并在设置的30个样方内进行了植物组成、生长型、群落密度、乔灌比和覆盖度等的调查。结果表明:(1)配置模式所占比例分别为乔灌草型70%,乔灌型10%和乔草型20%,主要采用乔灌草型;(2)乔木覆盖度是62.94%,灌木覆盖度是6.95%,草本覆盖度是66.51%。总体覆盖度较高,中层结构简单;(3)乔木层的平均密度为每300m214株,灌木层的平均密度为每300m217株,灌木层密度略大于乔木层;(4)应用最多的乔木有水杉和银杏等7种;应用的主要灌木有冬青和小叶黄杨等8种;应用的地被植物有花叶玉簪和矮牵牛等12种;草坪草都是早熟禾。     

基于矩阵模型的森林动态模拟与经营

利用矩阵模型模拟了带岭林业局东方红林场森林资源30a间在无干扰以及采伐量为5%、10%和15%,采伐周期为10a的动态变化规律。结果表明:30a内在无干扰情况下森林总蓄积年增长率为2.14%;采伐量为5%、10%、15%时,蓄积年平均增长率分别为1.96%、1.78%、1.59%,且林分结构没有较大的变化,说明东方红林场的现有资源已不适合于大强度采伐。若考虑综合效益,应采用采伐量为5%,采伐周期为10a的经营策略。     

湖南烤烟适宜移栽期分析

利用湖南省97个气象站1961—2005年3—4月逐日气温和地形高程数据,采用农业气候统计方法分析各气象站稳定通过5、8、10℃的初日;采用GIS小网格技术,得到湖南500 m×500 m植烟区域适宜移栽的初日地域分布。结果表明:稳定通过5℃的80%保证率初日以江永县、江华县出现最早,为2月19—22日,湘西高海拔地区及浏阳市东部出现在3月13日以后,其他烟区出现在2月23—3月13日;稳定通过8℃的80%保证率初日湘南大部分烟区在3月23—26日,湘西中海拔地区及桃源县、临澧县、浏阳市东部大多出现在3月26日—4月1日,湘西高海拔地区为4月7日以后;稳定通过10℃的80%保证率初日湘中以南烟区为3月30日—4月1日,湘西低海拔地区以及邵阳市、郴州市中部等地在4月1—5日,湘西中高海拔地区出现在4月7日以后。     

Polymorphism in Isopropyl Alcohol

Evidence for two polymorphic forms of isopropyl alcohol is presented. Three transformation reactions were observed. The transformation temperatures for pure isopropanol were 185.27(7) degrees K and 183.65(2) degrees K. The purity of the alcohol was found to be 99.98(5) percent ( calculated as moles).     

灰色系统理论在甘蔗杂交育种上的应用

应用灰色系统理论分析和性状综合表现位次和,对我所2007年配置的7个甘蔗有性杂交组合的杂种F1群体的5个主要经济性状进行分析对比,结果表明,灰色系统理论与性状综合表现分析的结果基本一致,ROC1×赣14(X2)、ROC1×lcp85-384+Hocp92-648(X4)组合群体综合性状良好,高产高糖,具有较大的选择潜力,可重点配置使用。Hocp94-846×崖96-4+崖96-24(X5)、CP85-1491×崖98-2+崖98-11(X6)2个组合田间锤度较高,产量表现一般,可从中选出部分高糖品系,适当配置。CP57-614×粤83-257(X7)、CP80-1827×ROC1(X3)、ROC10×CP57-614(X1)等3个组合综合性状较差,应少配置使用或不用。     

宁夏引进黑核桃果实产量及品质分析

对宁夏引进10a的19株黑核桃从果实丰产性状、外观品质和营养品质3方面开展调查,对高产优树果实的各外观品质及营养品质进行相关分析。综合单株产量及单位树冠投影面积产仁量两项指标的调查结果,获得丰产性状较好的优树7株;主要外观品质分析表明,7株优树单果质量变幅为6.9～26.1g,核仁质量变幅为1.4～4.6g,壳厚变幅为0.1～0.4cm,出仁率变幅为17.7%～27.4%;其中单果质量与核仁质量呈极显著相关,与壳厚呈显著相关。营养品质分析表明,7株优树总脂肪质量分数变幅为51.2%～58.4%,总蛋白质量分数变幅为5.9%～11.7%,脂肪酸组分中不饱和脂肪酸(油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸)质量分数以A6最高,达87.45%;饱和脂肪酸(棕榈酸、硬脂酸)质量分数以W5最高,达到40.36%。其中总蛋白与油酸、棕榈酸与硬脂酸呈显著负相关,其他各营养成分间无明显相关性。A6、L24、L323株优树具有选育为高油品种的潜力。     

利用Aroona近等基因系研究高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基对面包加工品质的影响

【目的】低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）以Glu-A3c、Glu-B3b、Glu-D3c为背景,明确不同高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）对面团流变学特性、贮藏蛋白组份含量和面包加工品质作用大小。【方法】在新疆乌鲁木齐和石河子种植以澳大利亚小麦品种Aroona作为轮回亲本培育的近等基因系（NILs）,并测定其粉质仪、拉伸仪、贮藏蛋白组份含量和面包加工品质等参数。【结果】HMW-GS对延展性效应不显著,对面团强度效应大小为Glu-D1＞Glu-B1＞Glu-A1;就单个亚基对而言,7+9、17+18和5+10面团强度最大;亚基组合1、7+9、5+10具有最大面团强度,2*、7+9、2+12和1、7+9、2.2+12具有最好的延展性。HMW-GS对不溶性谷蛋白聚合体百分含量（%UPP）效应大小为Glu-D1＞Glu-B1＞Glu-A1;就单个亚基对而言,7+9、17+18和5+10的%UPP最高;亚基组合1、7+9、5+10具有最高的%UPP。HMW-GS对面包总分效应大小为Glu-D1＞Glu-A1＞Glu-B1;就单个亚基或亚基对而言,1、2*、2+12和5+10具有最高的面包总分;亚基组合1、7+9、2+12面包总分最高,1、7+9、5+10次之,null、7+9、2+12最低。【结论】在相同LMW-GS（Glu-A3c、Glu-B3b、Glu-D3c）背景下,HMW-GS对面团强度、%UPP和面包加工品质影响较大,对延展性影响较小;单个亚基或亚基对1、2*、7+9、17+18和5+10对小麦品质影响较大;亚基组合1、7+9、5+10可作为品质改良的最佳组合。     

A-Axis--Oriented YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 Superlattices

A modulated structure has been fabricated from high transition temperature superconductors where the individual CuO(2) planes are composed of alternating superconducting and insulating strips. This structure is made by growing a-axis-oriented YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7)/PrBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) superlattices by 90 degrees off-axis sputtering on (100)SrTiO(3) and (100)LaAlO(3) substrates. Superlattice modulation is observed to a modulation wavelength of 24 angstroms (12 angstroms-YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7)/12 angstroms-PrBa(2)Cu(3)O(7)), both by x-ray diffraction and by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy indicates a high degree of crystalline perfection with a channeling minimum yield of 3 percent. Quasi-one-dimensional conductivity should be obtainable in these structures.     

“兔病毒性出血症”组织灭活苗的研制和应用

本文报告了“兔病毒性出血症”(俗称兔瘟)组织灭活苗的研制程序、测试结果和应用效果。本苗是用人工感染兔的肝、脾和肾的5%组织匀浆中加入0.25%福马林溶液(最后浓度 V/V),37℃灭活96小时而制成的。本苗的安全性可靠,免疫原性良好。兔肌注射0.5毫升,7天产生免疫力,近期保护率100%,6个月的保护率87.5%。普通冰箱内的保存期半年。在大田等十几个县市预防接种8万余头兔,取得了很好的效果。     

大豆异黄酮对低压间歇缺氧大鼠学习记忆及脂质过氧化的影响

[目的]研究大豆异黄酮对低压间歇缺氧大鼠学习记忆能力和脂质过氧化的影响,评价大豆异黄酮对低压间歇缺氧的保护作用。[方法]采用析因设计,设置地面和7 500 m缺氧两大组,地面和缺氧各再均分5组(对照组,雌二醇组,大豆异黄酮高、中、低剂量组),每个组随机设大鼠8只,雌雄各半;缺氧组采用小动物低压氧舱模拟7 500 m环境,间断缺氧,持续15 d,地面组正常饲养;试验期间,各组大鼠分别灌胃相应的药物,每天一次。给药结束时进行水迷宫实验,并取大鼠血清测定SOD活力和MDA含量。[结果]缺氧和给药2个因素间无交互作用;缺氧组水迷宫空间搜索实验中目标象限时间,平台停留时间较地面组短,经过平台次数较地面组少,同时缺氧组SOD活力较地面组增高,MDA含量较地面组增加;缺氧组给予雌二醇和不同剂量的大豆异黄酮可不同程度地提高SOD活力,降低MDA含量。[结论]低压间歇缺氧加速了大鼠体内酯质过氧化,损害了大鼠的学习记忆能力,而大豆异黄酮能改善缺氧大鼠的脂质过氧化水平,提高学习记忆能力,对低压间歇缺氧具有一定的保护作用。