新疆准噶尔盆地猎隼(Falco cherrug)繁殖期食性及其对鼠类的防控

2005年3～7月在新疆卡拉麦里山地区和北塔山地区的猎隼（Falco cherrug）食性研究中发现鼠类是其主要食物.调查中收集到猎隼食团342个,其中有鼠毛出现的食团是287个,占到83.9%.有鼠骨出现的食团是117个,占到34.2%.在鉴定出来的117个残留物种类中,大沙鼠出现次数超过15次.根据目击的结果分析,鼠类在食物种类中占绝对优势.由于繁殖季节对鼠类大量捕食,猛禽类能在生物防治鼠害中起到积极的作用.     

Animals respond for food in the presence of free food

Pigeons pecked a response disk to gain access to grain rewards while identical grain was freely available from a cup within the experimental chamber. Similarly, rats pressed a lever for food pellets while free pellets were present. It is not necessary, therefore, to deprive an animal of food before it will engage in instrumental responding for food. Such responding can serve as its own motivation and reward.     

Production of polydipsia in normal rats by an intermittent food schedule

Marked polydipsia was produced in all animals trained to press a bar for food pellets on a 1-minute variableinterval schedule. It is suggested that since this feeding arrangement produces a sustained, high fluid intake in the normal, unrestrained animal, it might serve as a useful tool in the study of renal function.     

黑骨藤追风活络微丸处方及制备工艺的研究

本研究旨在获得黑骨藤追风活络微丸的最优处方及制备工艺。以吸湿率、成型率和微丸圆整度为指标,采用软件Design Expert 8.06中的混料设计实验对微丸处方进行优化,确定最优处方:复方黑骨藤药粉40%、微晶纤维素45%、乳糖15%。采用挤出滚圆法制备黑骨藤追风活络微丸,通过正交实验确定最优条件为:挤出频率为35 Hz,滚圆频率为45 Hz,滚圆时间为10 min。采用最优处方及最佳工艺制备了3批黑骨藤追风活络微丸,得到的微丸外观圆整、光滑,粒度均匀且收率高,能完全满足后续生产工艺过程中对微丸流动性、硬度、崩解时限等的要求。     

新型菊芋秸秆-烟煤混合固体燃料添加剂的选择与燃烧性能分析

在研制新型菊芋秸秆-烟煤混合固体燃料的基础上,筛选不同添加剂[MgCO3、CaCO_3、Al2O_3、Al_2Si_2O_5(OH)_5]优化燃料,以提高生物质混合固体燃料的燃烧性能。将四种添加剂以3%比例(质量比)与菊芋秸秆-烟煤混合固体燃料混合,比较了不同添加剂对混合固体燃料的灰分、结渣率、放热量、烟黑、灰熔点、烟气成分等的影响。结果表明:四种添加剂对酸性气体有明显的吸附作用,且能有效降低混合固体燃料的结渣率,其中CaCO_3添加剂使混合固体燃料的灰分含量、烟黑的林格曼指数下降最为明显。这表明,CaCO_3添加剂能有效缓解混合固体燃料中的灰分、烟黑、酸性气体的生成,提高其燃烧性能,是一种较为理想的新型菊芋秸秆-烟煤混合固体燃料添加剂。     

口服半胱胺颗粒料或粉料对羔羊瘤胃pH值、总脱氢酶及TVFA的影响

试验采用 5头 3月龄安装了瘤胃瘘管 ,体重 18.50 kg左右的雌性东北细毛羊 ,单笼舍饲 ,试验采用自身前后对照 ,将半胱胺均匀地混入饲料中制成颗粒料或粉料两种剂型 ,按 80 mg·kg-1,W,B的计量 ,每周饲喂一次 ,连续 3周。试验结果表明 ,瘤胃液中 p H值对照期 6.17± 0 .0 9;粉料期 6.18± 0 .0 9;颗粒料期 6.2 0±0 .13。半胱胺颗粒料与粉料对羔羊瘤胃液 p H值影响差异不显著 ,两者与对照期相比也不显著。瘤胃液中总挥发性脂肪酸 ( TVFA)的浓度 :对照期 10 .85± 0 .58mmo L /10 0 m L ;粉料期 9.76± 0 .4 4mmo L /10 0 m L ;颗粒料期 13.2 3± 0 .4 9mmo L /10 0 m L。半胱胺颗粒料使瘤胃液的 TVFA的浓度显著高于粉料期与对照期 ( P<0 .0 1)。瘤胃液中总脱氢酶 ( TDHE)的活性 :对照期 0 .16± 0 .0 2 OD/m L ;粉料期 0 .2 4± 0 .0 9OD/m L ;颗料料期 0 .2 5± 0 .17OD/m L ,总体差异不显著 ,但早饲后至11:0 0时颗粒料期和粉料期酶的活性明显高于对照期 (颗粒料期 0 .33± 0 .16OD/m L ;粉料期 0 .2 9± 0 .0 7OD/m L ;对照期 0 .17± 0 .0 2 OD/m L ;P<0 .0 5)试验结果提示半胱胺颗粒料比粉料能较快地进入羔羊小肠 ,通过吸收使其发挥调节作用 ,同时能够增强羔羊瘤胃的消化代谢水平     

Production of urinary bladder carcinomas in mice by sodium saccharin

Pellets weighing 20 to 24 milligrams and containing 20 percent sodium saccharin suspended in cholesterol were surgically implanted into the urinary bladder lumens of female Swiss mice (60 to 90 days old) under ether anesthesia. Incidences of mouse bladder carcinomas in animals exposed to these pellets were 47 and 52 percent as compared with incidences of 13 and 12 percent in control mice exposed to pellets of pure cholesterol. The exposure of the mouse bladder to saccharin was very brief, because the time required for 50 percent of the compound to be eluted from the pellets was about 5.5 hours.     

微量元素缓释丸对绵羊器官中硒铜钴含量的影响

将２００只绵羊分为４组，第１、２、３组分别投服３种不同的缓释丸，第４组为对照组。结果表明，该缓释丸在瘤胃内环境中缓慢释放微量元素，１月左右即引起全血和被毛Ｓｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ含量明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），达到动物适宜水平，投服３６０ｄ后全血、被毛和肝脏Ｓｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ极显著高于对照组。因此，该缓释丸对绵羊Ｓｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ缺乏提供了一种有效防制措施     

Copepod fecal pellets as a source of dihydrophytol in marine sediments

Dihydrophytol(3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanol) was identified in the nonsaponified lipid fraction of fecal pellets from the copepod Calanus helgolandicus fed in the laboratory on a unialgal diet. Direct deposition in the fecal pellets of certain zooplankton species may explain the presence of dihydrophytol in marine sediments. Microbial reduction of phytol in sediment cores does not account for the origin of this compound in all sedimentary environments.     

鸭病毒性肝炎的发生和病理形态学观察

本文根据流行病学、临床症状和病理变化观察表明:鸭病毒性肝炎一般发生于3周龄以内的雏鸭,死亡高峰集中在10～14d 龄之间;临床上表现为发病突然,传播迅速,死后呈典型的角弓反张姿态;眼观病变主要是肝脏肿大和斑驳状出血;组织学检查,见肝细胞高度脂肪变性和坏死,以及胆管上皮增生和不同程度的炎性细胞浸润。电镜观察:在肝细胞核内发现有类圆形颗粒,直径为40nm,疑为病毒样粒子。     

Iron ore: energy, labor, and capital changes with technology

Resource gathering is depending on leaner crude ores. Iron ore mining typifies this trend. To make lean taconite iron ores useful required a technologic breakthrough-pelletization. The shift to iron ore pellets has the advantage that they require less energy and labor per ton of molten iron than high-grade naturally concentrated ores. Increased reliance on pellets causes a geographic shift of some jobs and environmental effects from blast furnaces to iron ore mines.     

固定化小球与悬浮态菌去除氨氮的比较研究

[目的]比较固定化亚硝化型细菌与传统悬浮生物处理法在氨氮废水硝化过程中的性能.[方法]研究沉降性能、温度变化、pH值变化和溶解氧变化分别对固定化小球氨氮去除效率和硝化污泥氨氮去除效率的影响. [结果]结果表明:固定化微生物技术较普通生物处理稳定性好.[结论]固定化小球处理氨氮废水技术有极大的应用潜力和发展前景.     

苜蓿草粉制粒密度与挤出力关系研究

以苜蓿草粉为原料,模拟苜蓿颗粒的制粒过程,通过对不同粒度的苜蓿草粉进行压缩试验,得到颗粒挤出力与粒度、密度的关系,并建立数学模型,作为环模失效研究的基础参数.由此模型可得出,当密度达到草颗粒刻度时,得到出模压力;随着粒度的增加,力密系数和粒密系数增大.     

Fecal pellets: role in sedimentation of pelagic diatoms

Membrane-enclosed fecal pellets of planktonic herbivores were sampled at several depths in the Baltic Sea (459 meters deep) and off Portugal (4000 meters deep) by means of a Simonsen multinet. Pellets contained mainly empty shells of planktonic diatoms and silicoflagellates. Two kinds of fecal pellets were found, those with the remains of one species (for example, Thalassiosira baltica) and those with the remains of several species (for example, Chaetoceros, Achnanthes, and Thalassiosira). Siliceous skeletons were protected from dissolution during settling by a membrane around the pellet.     

利用稻草粉净化造纸黑液及制造颗粒饲料的试验研究

利用稻草粉净化亚铵法造纸黑液的试验表明，造纸黑液中70％以上的有机物和灰分被转移至稻草粉。经此处理可达到两项目的：(1)作为吸附载体的稻草粉，通过生物—膨化技术能制成优质牛羊蛋白颗粒饲料，并可降低制造饲料所需之蛋白及能量原料的用量；(2)经吸附后的黑液，再经简单后处理，即可达到排放标准。     

水稻秸秆成型燃料热解特性试验研究

秸秆是我国最主要的生物质资源,对其进行热解是将生物质能转换为高效高品位清洁能源的最有效措施之一。利用热重分析方法对水稻秸秆及木屑成型燃料热解特性及其动力学规律进行了研究,分析了试样以不同升温速率在氩气气氛下进行热解的试验结果。结果表明:水稻秸秆成型燃料热解过程划分为三个重要阶段,即预热解、快速热解和慢速热解阶段;热解最大速率会随着热解升温速率的升高而增大,有利于热解进行,但会造成反应不彻底等问题,因此温升速率不宜过高;通过对比两种成型燃料的热解性能得到,木屑成型燃料的热稳定性优于水稻秸秆成型燃料;对水稻秸秆成型燃料热解进行动力学参数计算得到:活化能和指前因子会随着升温速率的升高而增大,线性拟合系数均在0.99之上,说明主反应阶段符合一级反应模型。     

米根霉菌体对胰酶粉浸提液吸附脱色研究

[目的]研究1株米根霉菌体对胰酶粉浸提液中色素的生物吸附作用。[方法]分别考察菌体预处理、菌体添加量、菌球吸附粒径、溶液初始值、吸附时间、温度等对生物吸附脱色的影响。[结果]米根霉菌体对胰酶粉浸提液中色素的最佳脱色条件为：0.2 mol/L NaOH溶液热处理20 min,添加菌体量2%,菌体粒径0.6 mm,溶液初始pH值6.0,吸附脱色时间160 min、10℃,脱色率在89.5%以上,激肽原酶活性损耗小。[结论]米根霉菌体对胰酶粉浸提液脱色效果显著。     

猪精液冷冻保存的初步研究

采用液氮熏蒸法制作猪冻精颗粒 ,对稀释液及冷冻保护剂进行优化筛选。结果表明 ,在 5种稀释液中 ,5号稀释液优于其他 4种 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;甘油的冷冻保护性能优于乙二醇和二甲基亚砜 (P<0 .0 1) ,其适宜浓度为2 m L/ L;稀释液中添加安钠咖可有效延长精子的冻后存活时间 (P<0 .0 1)。猪精液冷冻效果的关键因素是冷冻温度、冷冻速度和解冻温度 ,通过对不同温度情况的研究 ,初步制定了猪精液冷冻温度曲线。     

固定化厌氧微生物处理含五氯酚废水

在厌氧条件下，分别以海藻酸钙（CA）和聚乙烯醇（PVA）为固定化微生物包埋剂，采用正交试验法，确定了其适宜的包埋条件，对形成的两种固定化微生物小球进行了比较，其中CA球的机械强度及吸附性能不及PVA球，但传质性能强于PVA球，在低负荷下CA球的PCP去除率高于PVA球，在高负荷下，则反这，固定化微生物对废水中PCP处理效率均优于未包埋的活性污泥。     

Do the tropical freshwater fishes feed on aquatic fungi?

Consumption and processing of allochthonous plant litter by fishes is more common in tropical than temperate streams and rivers. Therefore, aquatic hyphomycetes in water (filtration), leaf litter (bubble chamber incubation), and fecal pellets (direct observation and inoculation to sterile leaf litter) of three dominant fishes belonging to the family Cyprinidae (Aplocheilus lineatus, Puntius filamentosus, and Rasbora daniconius) in two locations of the River Kali of the Western Ghats, India, were evaluated during postmonsoon season. Spores of 14 and 9 species of aquatic hyphomycetes were recovered on filtering water samples of Kaiga stream and Kadra dam with equal number of spores (32 spores · 100 mL⁻¹) and high Shannon diversity in Kaiga stream. In a bubble chamber incubation of leaf litter, 16 and 9 species were recovered from Kaiga stream and Kadra dam with high spore output (1122 versus 324 spores per mg dry mass) and high Shannon diversity in Kaiga stream. Both direct and indirect methods of examination of fecal pellets of fishes revealed more species in Kaiga stream than Kadra dam (4–7 versus 1–4 species). The spore release in leaf litter incubated with fecal pellets ranged from 2.3 to 98 spores·mg⁻¹·d⁻¹ with the highest Aplocheilus lineatus in Kaiga stream; while in Kadra dam, it was from 0.02 to 22.9 spores·mg⁻¹·d⁻¹ with the highest in Puntius filamentosus. The Shannon diversity of aquatic hyphomycetes was high in fecal pellets of Aplocheilus lineatus of Kaiga stream and Rasbora daniconius of Kadra dam. The top-ranked five species of aquatic hyphomycetes differed in water, leaf litter, and fish fecal pellets; however, Triscelophorus konajensis was common for all. All five top-ranked species of aquatic hyphomycetes in feces produced multicelled spores; thus, they were likely to have a better chance of viability through gut passage than single-celled spores. Preferential feeding, fungi in gut and feces, and survival and dissemination of spores by invertebrates and fishes with reference to aquatic hyphomycetes were discussed.