常见漏油原因与整治

随着我国铁路大型养路机械的不断发展,机械设备的技术检修已经成为铁路安全运输的一个基础保障。通过对铁路工务机械段的深入调研,并结合实际教学实践,对于机械设备漏油现象进行了系统的分析,主要阐述漏油的原因、检查方法和基本的防止措施。     

拌种机械设备液压系统管路漏油原因探讨及对策

拌种机械设备液压系统中使用的管路种类很多,根据拌种机械设备液压系统的工作压力及安装位置的不同,选用的有钢管、紫铜管、橡胶管、尼龙管和塑料管等。这些管路一旦损坏漏油,轻则污染环境、影响系统功能的正常发挥,重则危及安全。本文分析归纳了造成液压管路漏油的原因及采取的相应对策。一、漏油的原因分析     

铁路大型养路机械设备管理的模式与策略探究

铁路是现在人们远程出行的重要交通工具,构成了我国庞大的交通网,给我国创造了巨大的经济效益,其安全、快速、卫生、服务好的特点吸引越来越多的人选择乘坐。铁路大型养路机械设备是铁路正常运行的重要设备,但是现存的铁路大型养路机械设备存在量大、运营效率低、使用率低、管理不到位等缺点,所以改善铁路大型养路机械设备的管理至关重要,不仅能够提高其运营效率,而且还能实现经济效益最大化。本文首先阐述了我国铁路大型养路机械设备的现状,然后针对其中的问题提出了改善铁路大型养路机械设备管理模式的策略,希望能够解决我国铁路行业现存的问题。     

油封漏油的原因及维修方法

油封是各类机械设备上的重要零件,应用广泛.其性能和质量的好坏直接影响着各种机械设备的可靠性,有些油封的寿命长则一年,少则几个月甚至三五天,因密封不严而漏油报废,这一状况严重影响了各种机械设备的工作效率,不仅增加了油耗和生产成本,而且污染环境.     

解决油封漏油的有效途径

油封是农业机械和各类机械设备上的重要零件,应用广泛。其性能和质量的好坏直接影响着农业机械和各种机械设备使用的可靠性。有些油封的寿命长则一年。少则几个月甚至三、五天因密封不严而漏油报废,这一状况严重影响了农业机械和各种机械设备的工作效率,不仅增加了油耗和生产成本。而且污染环境。     

现代农村机械设备安全管理问题及对策

随着现代科学技术的推广,农村机械设备的普及率越来越高,有效推动了农业生产效率的提升。我国农村地区的机械设备在使用过程中依然存在一定的安全隐患,如农民安全生产意识不强、违规操作,农村机械产品质量把关不严格,机械的报废制度不完善等。文章通过对农村机械设备安全管理问题进行分析,寻找相应的解决对策,以提升农村机械设备的使用效率和农村机械设备的安全管理水平。     

机械中安全设计问题的分析

机械设计的安全合理性设计需要从实际的需求出发,合理认识机械安全设计问题研究的重要性作用,合理化的发展机械设备具有安全化、合理化、数据化、整体化的维修处理过程,有效加深机械实际的运行功能,保证机械设备安全化系统运行的合理化发展,完善机械设备系统性的对象控制,保证机械设备运行的周期性和准确性,实现安全化的机械设计控制。     

现代工程机械设备的管理措施分析

随着基础工程建设的不断加快,现代工程机械设备的应用越发普遍,做好机械设备管理,确保机械设备安全、稳定、高效运行,是保障工程建设质量、进度的重要举措。强化机械设备管理,有助于延长机械设备应用年限,保障工程进度与作业安全。当下,现代工程机械设备管理存在较多问题,基于这些问题,文章提出机械设备管理的具体办法,以期提升机械设备管理水平,更好地服务于工程项目。     

基于机械维修的思考

机械的使用存在着有形和无形的磨损,正确的机械的维修及保养能够有效地保持机械使用性能和延长使用寿命。机械维修中常存在对机械维修养护的重视性欠足、对机械设备技术改造的重视度不够、对机械的检测技术能力不够等问题,所以要要注重对机械设备的技术改造和升级,不断提高对机械的检测技术。     

基于机械维修的思考

机械的使用存在着有形和无形的磨损,正确的机械的维修及保养能够有效地保持机械使用性能和延长使用寿命.机械维修中常存在对机械维修养护的重视性欠足、对机械设备技术改造的重视度不够、对机械的检测技术能力不够等问题,所以要妥注重对机械设备的技术改造和升级,不断提高对机械的检测技术.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。