发动机排放技术的研究现状及未来展望

改革开放以来,我国汽车工业得到了快速发展,汽车保有量持续增长,由汽车尾气排放造成的环境污染问题也日益严重。我国汽车的排放标准远低于欧美等发达国家,汽车排放控制水平仅相当于发达国家20世纪70年代中后期水平。汽车废气造成的污染,不仅是一个环境保护问题,而且本身也造成了能源浪费。为此,通过对国内外发动机排放技术的分析与综合,阐明了发动机排放技术的特点及措施,最后指出发动机排放技术的发展趋势。     

低速汽车烟度标准与测试研究

介绍了我国低速汽车烟度排放标准的发展和现状,分析了应用现行标准进行烟度测试应注意的问题,并对标准的制订和修订、贯彻与执行提出了对策和建议,强调了出台更为严格的强制性标准和法规对在用低速车排放监控的重要性,旨在有效地控制汽车排放污染,促进低速汽车行业健康发展.     

虚拟仪器在汽车燃油蒸发污染物排放测试中的应用

针对传统手工操作汽车燃油蒸发污染物排放测试系统的不足,依据国家标准规定的试验规程和要求,开发了基于虚拟仪器的汽车燃油蒸发排放测试系统.通过对该系统进行性能试验研究表明,该系统运行良好,具有较高的自动化程度和测试精度,结果符合国家标准规定.     

基于与传统汽车比较的纯电动汽车总装工艺分析

由于社会对污染问题越来越重视,而传统汽车排放的废气对于日益严峻的空气污染问题起到了不良的促进作用,因此汽车企业都在积极尝试生产新能源汽车。其中纯电动汽车的装配生产相较于传统汽车来说有其特点,文章通过与传统汽车的对比来对纯电动汽车的总装工艺特点进行研究。     

新能源汽车动力电池关键技术的研究现状

随着全球空气污染的进一步加剧,生态环境遭受巨大的伤害,为了保护家园,我国加大力度研究如何减少汽车排放的尾气,新能源汽车应运而生。文章对动力电池的现状及关键技术进行了分析,希望加强对环境的保护,促进生态环境的平衡发展。     

新能源时代汽车检修改革

随着汽车行业的快速发展,汽车尾气排放造成的大气污染严重影响到人们的生活环境。新能源的发展对各个行业提出了节能减排的要求,汽车尾气的高排放跟这一发展理念是相违背的。所以我国需要加强对汽车维修和检测技术方面的改革,以满足新能源时代下的发展需求,实现节能减排,使我国汽车行业实现绿色的、可持续的发展,帮助解决目前我国在环境方面出现的相关问题。通过对汽车维修与检测技术的研究,实现行业的改革和技术创新,推动我国汽车行业的进步。     

新能源汽车动力电池关键技术的研究现状

随着我国经济的不断发展,汽车作为代步工具也慢慢进入每个家庭,但是随着汽车的增多相应尾气排放也会增多,而尾气排放正是温室效应最主要的原因,所以尾气造成环境污染的问题便是目前人们需要解决的重要课题。随着新能源汽车的引入,解决尾气污染问题的方法也相应出现。但由于新能源汽车电池动力不足、续航差,往往人们不会选择新能源汽车。通过对新能源汽车不断的研究与改进,发现解决新能源汽车电池动力不足最好方法便是使用锂电池作为电力储备工具,因为锂电池具备电压大、存储大、可用时间长等优点,所以锂电池便是新能源汽车的首选电池。     

电控发动机故障诊断中汽车数据流分析的应用

随着我国经济的高速发展,人均收入的不断提高,汽车已经广泛进入普通家庭,这也造成了我国目前汽车保有量的大幅度提升,这种比重还在不断增长。汽车保有量的提高所带来最直接的环境问题就是汽车尾气的排放,已经严重影响到了生态的可持续发展与人们的健康。因此,怎样控制汽车尾气排放已成为政府与汽车研发商所面临的最严峻的挑战。从技术角度看,保证汽车发动机的良好运转成为解决这个问题的突破口,成功解决这个难题成为针对减少尾气排放研究的重要课题。本文使用最先进的开放式汽车故障诊断系统收集到的电控发动机传感器的瞬时数据,结合小波分析数据流的办法进行研究,找出共性,为提高电控发动机的系统诊断识别的识别度与准确性带来一些便利。     

实际道路车辆排放因子的测试方法

设计了一种实际道路上的车辆排放因子的测试方法,将一套车载实测系统安装在一辆机动车上进行测试研究,可以获得大量的实际道路上的行驶参数和排放原始数据,根据实测的汽车的瞬时车速、油耗以及各排放气体浓度值(HC,CO,NO,O2,CO2),可以计算得到各组分的质量排放率和排放因子。并通过这种测试方法,获得了试验用公交汽车的实际道路排放因子。     

我国新能源汽车发展现状及建议

随着我国的经济发展,居民的生活水平越来越高,私家车的拥有量逐年增加。但是,随之而来的汽车排放的污染物,无论是对环境的影响还是对能源来都带来了危机。针对这种情况我国对电动汽车的研究加大,极力推行环保、节能的新型私家车。本文对我国新能源汽车发展存在的问题进行分析,也给出了适合我国新能源汽车发展的建议,指明了我国新能源汽车的发展方向。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。