Infrared speckle observations of io: an eruption in the loki region

Speckle observations of Jupiter's satellite Io at a wavelength of 5 micrometers during July 1984 resolved the disk and showed emission from a hot spot in the Loki region. The hot spot contributed a flux approximately equal to 60 percent of that from the disk. Images reconstructed by means of the Knox-Thompson algorithm showed the spot moving across the disk as the satellite rotated. It was located at 301 degrees +/- 6 degrees west longitude, 10 degrees +/- 6 degrees north latitude, and had a radiance of (2.96 +/- 0.54) x 10(22) ergs sec(-1) cm(-1) sr(-1)/A where A is the area of the spot. For an assumed temperature of 400 K, the area of the source would be 11,400 square kilometers. An active "lava lake" similar to that seen by Voyager may be the source of the infrared emission.     

Scotopic spectral sensitivity in the monkey

Three rhesus monkeys learned to adjust a small illuminated spot to threshold intensity. Then, while dark adapted, they "tracked" their thresholds to stimuli spaced across the visible wavelength spectrum. Spectral sensitivity functions were determined for each animal from these threshold records. The functions agreed well with results obtained from a human subject in the same apparatus, and with the standard human scotopic function defined by the International Commission on Illumination. However, the monkeys' relative sensitivity was slightly higher in the long-wavelength portion of the spectrum.     

Experimental separation of sensory and motor functions in pea tendrils

When illuminated pea tendrils from light-grown plants are rubbed on their abaxial side, they rapidly coil in a spiral fashion. If similar tendrils are held in the dark for 3 days and then rubbed, however, they will not coil until they are subsequently illuminated. They can remain uncoiled in the dark for as long as 2 hours after stimulation, and will still coil immediately when they are illuminated. Tendrils that are rubbed and held at 25 degrees C will coil, but those treated at 5 degrees or 10 degrees C will not. However, tendrils rubbed at 25 degrees C and kept from coiling for an hour at 5 degrees C, will immediately coil when restored to the higher temperature. These observations are interpreted to imply separation of sensory and motor functions.     

Pioneer 10 infrared radiometer experiment: preliminary results

Thermal maps of Jupiter at 20 and 40 micrometers show structure closely related to the visual appearance of the planet. Peak brightness temperatures of 126 degrees and 145 degrees K have been measured on the South Equatorial Belt, for the 20- and 40-micrometer channels, respectively. Corresponding values for the South Tropical Zone are 120 degrees and 138 degrees K. No asymmetries between the illuminated sunlit and nonilluminated parts of the disk were found. A preliminary discussion of the data, in terms of simple radiative equilibrium models, is presented. The net thermal energy of the planet as a whole is twice the solar energy input.     

A modular PIP2 binding site as a determinant of capsaicin receptor sensitivity

The capsaicin receptor (TRPV1), a heat-activated ion channel of the pain pathway, is sensitized by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis after phospholipase C activation. We identify a site within the C-terminal domain of TRPV1 that is required for PIP2-mediated inhibition of channel gating. Mutations that weaken PIP2-TRPV1 interaction reduce thresholds for chemical or thermal stimuli, whereas TRPV1 channels in which this region is replaced with a lipid-binding domain from PIP2-activated potassium channels remain inhibited by PIP2. The PIP2-interaction domain therefore serves as a critical determinant of thermal threshold and dynamic sensitivity range, tuning TRPV1, and thus the sensory neuron, to appropriately detect heat under normal or pathophysiological conditions.     

28例腰椎间盘突出症再手术的医源性分析

寻找腰椎间盘突出症手术失败的及防治措施；通过再次手术探查，发现了８种医源性失误。结果；本组需再手术的３１例中，２８例都找到了引起初次手术失败的医源性失误，在补救之后，每例的症状都得到不同程度的改善。结论：要提高腰椎间治愈率，必须诊断精确，手术完善。     

辽宁东部山地混牧林可控阈值研究

辽东山区的林业和牧业一直是既互相依存又互相矛盾的两个行业，混牧林业的提出为解决这一问题提供了科学的依据。通过4年时间的定位观测及调查研究。对辽宁省混牧林业的现状，存在问题以及发展趋势等进行了系统研究，针对该区域森林生态环境的基本特征。制定出科学、简明、具有可操作性的林牧结合阈值：(1)幼林林分伤害指数临界阈值不能高于50；(2)截取利用牧草生物量(地上部分)50％为最佳值；(3)选择混牧林的坡度应小于30度。A层土容重不应大于1．3g。     

逆温对大兴安岭地区天气的影响

利用欧洲数值模式产品ECMWF 20:00的零零场的资料和大兴安岭地区自动站的实况资料,采用统计分析的方法,分析逆温对大兴安岭地区天气的影响。结果表明,逆温会导致大兴安岭地区最低气温明显偏低;冬季,它会使南部最低气温比前一日ECMWF 20:00的零零场的温度场低8~14℃,北部低16~18℃;春季,使南部最低气温比前一日ECMWF 20:00的零零场的温度场低3~12℃,北部低10~14℃;秋季,使南部最低气温比前一日ECMWF 20:00的零零场的温度场低3~10℃,北部低10~12℃;夏季,使南部最低气温比前一日ECMWF 20:00的零零场的温度场低2~8℃,北部低8~10℃;逆温还会导致大兴安岭地区雾的生成。     

Mars gravity: high-resolution results from viking orbiter 2

Doppler radio-tracking data have provided detailed measurements for a martian gravity map extending from 30 degrees S to 65 degrees N in latitude and through 360 degrees of longitude. The feature resolution is approximately 500 kilometers, revealing a huge anomaly associated with Olympus Mons, a mascon in Isidis Planitia, and other anomalies correlated with volcanic structure. Olympus Mons has been modeled with a 600-kilometer surface disk having a mass of 8.7 x 1021grams.     

The CIDA-QUEST large-scale survey of Orion OB1: evidence for rapid disk dissipation in a dispersed stellar population

We are conducting a large-scale, multiepoch, optical photometric survey [Centro de Investigaciones de Astronomia-Quasar Equatorial Survey Team (CIDA-QUEST)] covering about 120 square degrees to identify the young low-mass stars in the Orion OB1 association. We present results for an area of 34 square degrees. Using photometric variability as our main selection criterion, as well as follow-up spectroscopy, we confirmed 168 previously unidentified pre-main sequence stars that are about 0.6 to 0.9 times the mass of the sun (Mo), with ages of about 1 million to 3 million years (Ori OB1b) and about 3 million to 10 million years (Ori OB1a). The low-mass stars are spatially coincident with the high-mass (at least 3 Mo) members of the associations. Indicators of disk accretion such as Halpha emission and near-infrared emission from dusty disks fall sharply from Ori OB1b to Ori OB1a, indicating that the time scale for disk dissipation and possibly the onset of planet formation is a few million years.     

Radar images of Mars

Full disk images of Mars have been obtained with the use of the Very Large Array (VLA) to map the radar reflected flux density. The transmitter system was the 70-m antenna of the Deep Space Network at Goldstone, California. The surface of Mars was illuminated with continuous wave radiation at a wavelength of 3,5 cm. The reflected energy was mapped in individual 12-minute snapshots with the VLA in its largest configuration; fringe spacings as small as 67 km were obtained. The images reveal near-surface features including a region in the Tharsis volcano area, over 2000 km in east-west extent, that displayed no echo to the very low level of the radar system noise. The feature, called Stealth, is interpreted as a deposit of dust or ash with a density less than about 0.5 gram per cubic centimeter and free of rocks larger than 1 cm across. The deposit must be several meters thick and may be much deeper. The strongest reflecting geological feature was the south polar ice cap, which was reduced in size to the residual south polar ice cap at the season of observation. The cap image is interpreted as arising from nearly pure CO(2) or H(2)O ice with a small amount of martian dust (less than 2 percent by volume) and a depth greater than 2 to 5 m. Only one anomalous reflecting feature was identified outside of the Tharsis region, although the Elysium region was poorly sampled in this experiment and the north pole was not visible from Earth.     

The South pole region of the moon as seen by clementine

The Clementine mission has provided the first comprehensive set of high-resolution images of the south pole region of the moon. Within 5 degrees of latitude of the pole, an area of an estimated 30,000 square kilometers remained in shadow during a full lunar rotation and is a promising target for future exploration for ice deposits. The Schr?dinger Basin (320 kilometers in diameter), centered at 75 degrees S, is one of the two youngest, least modified, great multiring impact basins on the moon. A large maar-type volcano localized along a graben within the Schr?dinger Basin probably erupted between 1 and 2 billion years ago.     

用模糊择近原则评判中山柏在绵阳地区引种的适应度

本文运用模糊数学原理,以中山柏产地的气候条件作为适生的依据;与绵阳等十八个县的年平均气温等六个气象因子进行比较,分别计算贴近度;按总的贴近度,根据择近原则列出各引种地与中山柏产地气候条件的贴近顺序,从而为中山柏引种到绵阳地区提供依据。     

The role of ocular muscle proprioception in visual localization of targets

The role of ocular muscle proprioception in the localization of visual targets has been investigated in normal humans by deviating one eye to create an experimental strabismus. The passively deviated eye was covered and the other eye viewed the target. With a hand-pointing task, targets were systematically mislocalized in the direction of the deviated nonviewing eye. A 4- to 6-degree error resulted when the nonviewing eye was offset 30 degrees from straight ahead. When the eye was deviated, the perceived "straight-ahead" was also displaced, by a similar amount, in the same direction. Since the efferent motor commands to the displaced and to the nondisplaced eyes are presumably identical by the law of equal innervation, the mislocalization of visual objects must be attributed to the change in proprioceptive information issued from the nonviewing, deviated eye. Thus proprioception contributes to the localization of objects in space.     

Hypothalamic motivational systems: fixed or plastic neural circuits?

Eating and drinking were elicited by electrical stimulation through the same electrode in the hypothalamus of a satiated rat. Intensity thresholds for eliciting eating and drinking were different, and both thresholds decreased with repeated testing. These findings suggest an alternative to the hypothesis that the neural organization of hypothalamic drive systems is modified by experience.     

Radar mapping of mercury: full-disk images and polar anomalies

A random-code technique has been used at Arecibo to obtain delay-Doppler radar images of the full disk of Mercury. Anomalously bright features were found at the north and south poles. The north polar feature is oblong (4 degrees by 8 degrees ) and offset from the pole. The smaller south polar feature is mostly confined to the floor of the crater Chao Meng-Fu. The polar locations and radar properties of these features indicate that they may be produced by volume scattering in ice. The images also reveal a variety of more subdued reflectivity features ranging in size from hundreds to thousands of kilometers; some of these appear to have an impact origin.     

越南杉木种源早期评价与选择

杉木良种选择研究对越南杉木人工林有重要意义。以9个越南杉木种源与1个中国杉木无性系为研究对象,于越南3个试验点开展种源试验,并做早期选择。结果表明：种植2a后,在同一试验区不同的种源生长差异明显,同一种源在不同试验区生长不一。越南北部是杉木最适合的生长地区,南部次之,中部最差,这可能与当地的气候等因素有关。在越南北部, CL9、 CL7、 CL6、 CL4、 CL2和CL1种源为优良种源;在中部, CL4和CL1种源是优良种源;在南部,优良种源为CL8、 CL9与CL2。本试验早期研究结果有助于为越南杉木人工林选择适应种植地区和优良种源区规划提供借鉴。     

山东夏玉米土壤干旱阈值研究与影响评价

【目的】确定山东夏玉米土壤水分的适宜阈值范围与干旱胁迫阈值,定量化评估不同程度干旱对夏玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响,从而为提高农业水资源利用效率,缓解干旱胁迫的不利影响等提供依据。【方法】基于水分控制试验结果,确定夏玉米苗期、穗期与花粒期的土壤水分适宜与不适宜阈值范围;以土壤相对湿度驱动WOFOST作物机理模型,明确无旱、轻旱、中旱与重旱的阈值指标;通过设置不同干旱程度与持续天数,完成定量化的干旱影响评价。【结果】(1)夏玉米苗期、穗期与花粒期的土壤水分适宜阈值范围分别为62%—91%、66%—92%与68%—94%,不适宜阈值范围分别为<62%、<66%及<68%;(2)苗期无旱、轻旱、中旱与重旱阈值指标分别为53%、50%、45%与40%,穗期各程度干旱阈值指标分别为58%、48%、43%与37%,花粒期各程度干旱阈值指标分别为57%、52%、49%与45%;(3)苗期干旱对夏玉米总叶重、总茎重与最大叶面积指数的影响最大,穗期与花粒期干旱对总穗重影响最大,其中穗期重旱将导致不能形成最终产量。【结论】确定了夏玉米不同发育期的土壤水分阈值指标,夏玉米穗期与花粒期干旱对...     

牛源金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性及耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的检测

【目的】了解内蒙古地区奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）感染的情况,为奶牛乳房炎的防治提供理论依据。【方法】采用K-B纸片扩散法,检测分离自内蒙古地区38株金黄色葡萄球菌对17种药物的敏感性,同时用琼脂稀释法检测苯唑西林、万古霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）;再用头孢西丁、苯唑西林纸片扩散法、苯唑西林盐琼脂筛选法和PCR方法扩增mecA耐药基因对分离菌株进行全面MRSA检测。【结果】分离菌株对每种抗生素都有不同程度抗性,对氨苄西林、头孢拉丁、青霉素、复方新诺明、新生霉素和链霉素的耐药率都高于45%,而对氧氟沙星、丁胺卡那霉素、万古霉素、环丙沙星、庆大霉素和头孢唑林的敏感性高于90%,2株细菌的万古霉素MIC≥16 μg•mL-1;其中8株细菌的苯唑西林MIC≥8 μg•mL-1,而其它菌株的苯唑西林MIC≤2 μg•mL-1;分离菌株多重耐药情况严重,耐受3种及3种以上药物的菌株占84.21%,其中4株细菌能同时耐受9种不同抗菌药物;16（42.11%）株细菌被检测携带mecA耐药基因,而仅有其中7株的苯唑西林MIC≥4 μg•mL-1;头孢西丁、苯唑西林纸片扩散法和苯唑西林盐琼脂筛选法分别检出7株、10株和7株表型为MRSA的菌株。【结论】分离菌株的耐药性和多重耐药现象较为严重,被调查地区奶牛场中已经存在MRSA和OS-MRSA感染情况,且感染率高。     

Neuronal specification of cutaneous nerves through connections with skin grafts in the frog

Skin grafts were rotated 180 degrees in frog tadpoles. After metamorphosis, cutaneous reflexes were tested, and the receptive fields of cutaneous nerves were mapped electrophysiologically. Accurately localized limb movements were elicited by mechanical stimulation of normal skin, or of dorsal skin reimplanted on the back after 180-degree rotation. Reflexes misdirected to the original site of the stimulated skin were elicited from dorsoventrally inverted grafts, but not from anteroposteriorly inverted grafts. In most cases, the local nerves supplied the grafts, and each nerve entered the skin within its own receptive field. This observation eliminated the possibility that misdirected reflexes were due to selective regrowth of cutaneous nerves. We concluded that cutaneous nerves formed central synaptic associations which were specified by their new terminal connections with grafted skin.