稀有濒危植物云南金钱槭迁地保护的研究

对稀有濒危植物云南金钱槭的分布、原产地与迁地栽培地的自然条件及其迁地栽培试验结果进行了报道和分析，并首次报道了云南金钱槭的染色体数目。提出了云南金钱槭的播种育苗及迁地栽培技术。经过7年的试验，云南金钱槭巳在云南省珍稀濒危植物引种繁育中心昆明基地完成了从种子到种子的生命周期，迁地保护获得成功。     

珍稀濒危植物贺兰丁香,大叶细裂槭的引种试验

贺兰丁香、大叶细裂槭两树种是内蒙古自治区贺兰山特有植物,被定为国家三级、内蒙古二级保护的珍稀濒危植物。我园从1985年开始对以上二种珍稀濒危植物进行了迁地保护、引种试验研究。经过引种,育苗,现已获得苗木,并初步掌握了贺兰丁香、大叶细裂槭的种子处理方法,播种育苗技术,为迁地保护珍稀濒危植物积累了资料。     

稀有植物云南金钱槭的现状及保护措施

云南金钱槭(Dipteroina dyeriana)是我国特有、稀有和极危种,基于实地调查和查阅相关文献,对云南金钱槭的形态特征、地理分布、生态环境及其研究现状进行了详述,并针对云南金钱槭的生态学特性和科研提出了保护措施:建立保护区进行就地保护,进行人工培育,建立珍衡濒危植物园.     

6种槭树在武汉地区引种栽培试验初报

本文通过对武汉地区栽培的6种槭树的物候期表现,地径、树高、冠幅、耐热性、抗寒性及种子繁殖出苗率等的观测与统计,研究其在武汉地区引种栽培的适应性.结果表明：三峡槭、元宝槭、红翅械、飞蛾槭、血皮槭等5种槭树在武汉地区生长迅速,病虫害较少,种子繁殖成苗率高,适合引种栽培;金钱槭由于耐热性较差,不适合在武汉地区引种栽培.     

稀有植物云南金钱槭的扦插繁殖技术研究

对稀有植物云南金钱槭进行了扦插繁殖技术的研究。结果表明:云南金钱槭具有易生根的特点;未经处理的幼龄(3年生)云南金钱槭植株的嫩枝具备一定的生根能力。扦插繁殖技术处理的最佳组合为:以嫩枝作插穗,用浓度为100 mg/L的ABT1作浸穗处理,采用海煤土作扦插基质;其次是嫩枝200 mg/L的ABT1海煤土处理。以云南金钱槭1年生扦插苗与种子实生苗进行生长量和生物量比较,扦插苗优于种子实生苗。扦插苗的冠幅是种子苗的1.63倍,根重是2.27倍,进一步证实嫩枝扦插繁殖是云南金钱槭的一种有效可行的繁殖方法。     

五小叶槭播种育苗技术总结

五小叶槭为中国四川特有种,极度濒危。根据迁地保护计划,在甘肃省小陇山立远林场建立五小叶槭种苗繁育基地,初获成功。总结几年经验,五小叶槭播种育苗技术要点包括整地做床、种子催芽及苗期管理,揉搓去翅、覆土厚度、苗期浇水、搭盖遮阳网四要素影响出苗。     

金钱槭繁育试验研究

以种子、硬枝、嫩枝为材料采用不同生长激素、不同浓度、不同处理时间和不同栽培基质对金钱槭进行了繁育试验研究,结果表明:扦插繁殖剪口处白色分泌物遇氧变褐色,较难生根。硬枝扦插时,插条以0.01%的NAA处理20h,嫩枝扦插时,插条以0.008%的IBA处理20h,基质以蛭石+森林土为1∶1金钱槭扦插繁殖的效果较好。     

漾濞槭的研究与保护

槭树科仅有槭属和金钱槭属两个属,其中金钱槭属有云南金钱槭和金钱槭两个种,均为我国特有(Sun,2018)。槭属全球共约有129种,广泛分布于北半球温带、部分热带地区,我国该属植物约99种,其中63种为特有种(Sun,2018)。漾濞槭(A.yangbiense Y.S.Chen et Q.E.Yang)特产于我国云南省漾濞彝族自治县,其发现比较偶然。     

贺兰山大叶细裂槭拯救性保护研究

<正>2013年，贺兰山国家级自然保护区针对珍稀野生植物大叶细裂槭（Acer stenolobum Rehd.var.megalophyllum Fang et Wu）在贺兰山西坡的分布情况和稀有程度建立了就地保护基地，并进行迁地繁育试验研究。在对大叶细裂槭资源与分布调查的基础上，通过就地保护与繁育试验，对该物种的生存现状、种群结构与动态、繁育回迁等方面进行了综合研究，分析了大叶细裂槭在贺兰山西坡的生存现状，探究其濒危原因，并进行人工繁育和移栽试验，在此基础上提出了适合其在贺兰山的种群保护对策。     

南涧迁地保护127种濒危植物

云南无量山国家级自然保护区南涧管理局建成"迁地保护园",127种珍稀濒危植物得到迁地保护。云南无量山国家级自然保护区内野生植物资源丰富,是我国生物多样性特别丰富和物种分化特别明显的地区之一。迁地保护园2010年1月始     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.