2008年黑龙江省大豆生产形势分析与建议

随着世界性能源与食品价格的大幅上涨，大豆价格创历史新高，对于以大豆生产为主要经济来源的黑龙江省豆农而言，是迎来了大豆发展的大好形势。但是，由于2007年的严重干旱和2008年生产资料的大幅高升，给今年大豆生产也带来了不利的影响，对于如何认清形势，把握时机，争取2008年大豆生产有一个更大的效益，提出一点看法，供农民朋友思考。     

干旱对春大豆植株生长和产量的影响

浙江省丽水地区春大豆开花、结荚期和鼓粒期一般都在６月中下旬至７月上中旬，此期正是伏旱季节，因此很容易遇到高温干旱天气，造成花荚大量脱落使单产降低。为此，在品种选用和栽培措施上，如何解决干旱对春大豆生长及产量的影响，便成了春大豆高产栽培中急需研究的一个...     

灾害天气对黑龙江省粮豆生产的影响和建议

列举了近年来黑龙江省发生的灾害天气(干旱、暴雨洪涝、冰雹)对黑龙江省粮豆生产造成危害的部分实例,提出了积极防御的对策和建议.     

大豆重迎茬联合攻关有重大进展

大豆重迎茬联合攻关有重大进展黑龙江省科学技术委员会何志鸿黑龙江省农业科学院合江农科所刘忠堂中国科学院黑龙江农业现代化研究所韩晓增黑龙江省农业科学院大豆研究所胡立成为弄清重迎茬对大豆产量和品质以及大豆生产的影响，揭开大豆重迎茬减产的真正原因，寻找重迎茬...     

发展黑龙江省大豆生产的建议

发展黑龙江省大豆生产的建议黑龙江省农牧渔业厅大豆专家顾问组近日在哈尔滨市召开了黑龙江省大豆专家顾问组座谈会，会上各位专家对全省１９９４年大豆生产形势进行了分析，并针对存在的问题，对１９９５年进一步发展全省大豆生产提出建议。一、１９９４年大豆生产形势大...     

黑龙江省大豆市场及对策问题的研究（一）：大豆生产及需求现状

黑龙江省大豆市场及对策问题的研究（一）──大豆生产及需求现状王碧君，张灿欣，吴忠达，邵立红，王敬华（黑龙江省农业经济技术信息中心）黑龙江省是我国的主要大豆生产供给和出口省份。大豆生产对于黑龙江省农业发展具有重要意义。特别是近年来随着国际、国内市场对大...     

大豆抗旱性研究进展

大豆抗旱性在水分不足的干旱和半干旱地区的大豆生产中起着重要的作用。是高产稳产的限制因素之一。品种的抗旱性好，产量就高。本文从抗旱资源的鉴定和筛选，干旱对大豆生长发育的影响，抗旱性的生理基础，抗旱指标与分级方法等方面概述了大豆抗旱性研究的进展。     

浅谈"北丰号"大豆育种的发展和展望

本文系统地回顾了黑龙江省农垦北安分局的大豆育种过程，相继育成和推广了一批大豆品种“北丰1－15号”，对垦区和黑龙江省农业生产作出了一定贡献，但由于生产的发展以及“九丰号”、“黑字号”等大豆新品种的崛起，对“北丰号”大豆已造成一定的影响，因此，有必要总结经验，调整育 种目标以及适应新形势的要求。     

大豆抗旱性研究进展

大豆是人类优质蛋白质和食用油脂的重要来源。大豆生长期需水量多,是对缺水最敏感的豆类作物。干旱严重影响大豆产量和品质。抗旱大豆品种在干旱和半干旱地区的大豆生产中起着重要的作用。从干旱对大豆的影响机理、大豆抗旱机制、常用的抗旱性研究方法以及大豆抗旱性评价方法4个方面概述了大豆抗旱性的研究进展。     

安徽省濉溪县夏大豆生育期间气候资源分析

从安徽省濉溪县大豆生产的历程看出，大豆的产量低而不稳，且年际间变幅大。经分析，其主要原因是夏大豆生育期间淮北地区气候因子多变，影响了大豆的生长发育，其中以花荚期和鼓粒期的高温和干旱影响最大。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.