火龙果黑斑病菌[Bipolaris cactivora（Petrak）Alcorn]生物学特性研究

为了明确分离自火龙果黑斑病的病原种类、生物学特性及防治方法,对该病菌进行了种类鉴定、生物学特性研究以及室内药剂筛选。结果表明,引起该火龙果病害的病原菌为仙人掌平脐蠕孢[Bipolaris cactivora（Petrak）Alcorn]。该病菌菌丝生长最适温度是30 ℃,产孢最适温度20 ℃。菌丝生长最适pH为5,产孢最适pH8。光照对菌丝生长无显著影响,黑暗条件有利于产孢。菌丝生长最佳碳源是葡萄糖和D-果糖,产孢最佳碳源为甘露醇。菌丝生长和产孢的最佳氮源均为蛋白胨,菌丝致死温度为70 ℃,10 min。     

油茶叶枯病菌的鉴定及生物学特性研究

从海南五指山油茶园区采集到油茶叶枯病叶,进行病原菌分离鉴定并对其生物学特性进行研究.通过对其培养特性、形态特征的观察及rDNA的转录间隔区(ITS)序列测定,与Genbank中同源性较高的菌株进行序列比对,将该病原菌OC-12确定为小孢拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis microspora).生物学特性研究结果表明:OC-12菌丝在PDA培养基上生长最佳,在crapek培养基上不产孢,在燕麦培养基上最适合产孢.菌丝生长和分生孢子产生的适宜温度分别为20～30℃和25℃,适宜pH值为4～11.供试碳源中果糖较利于菌丝生长,D-葡萄糖较利于孢子产生;供试氮源中蛋白胨和硝酸钾较利于菌丝生长,且蛋白胨较利于孢子产生.分生孢子致死温度为52℃,10 min.     

苦瓜双色平脐蠕孢叶斑病病原菌的生物学特性及其抑菌药剂筛选

为了明确苦瓜双色平脐蠕孢叶斑病菌（Bipolaris bicolor）的生物学特性及其对杀菌剂的敏感性,研究了不同培养条件对该病原菌菌丝生长的影响,并测定了10种杀菌剂对该病原菌的抑制作用。结果表明：该病原菌菌丝生长最适温度为25~30 ℃,最适pH范围为6~7,适宜培养基为马铃薯蔗糖培养基（PSA）和玉米粉培养基（CMA）,持续黑暗和光暗交替有利于菌丝生长;不同碳源和氮源对菌丝生长的影响差异显著,其中葡萄糖和蛋白胨分别为最适碳源和氮源,菌丝生长致死温度为45 ℃。250 g/L苯醚甲环唑乳油毒力最强,EC₅₀为0.0233 mg/L,其次为250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂、20%抑霉唑水乳剂和50%嘧菌环胺水分散粒剂。     

甜瓜棒孢叶斑病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性研究

对海南三亚发生的甜瓜棒孢叶斑病的危害症状进行了系统的描述,采用致病性试验、形态学观察及分子生物学的方法对引起该病的病原菌进行了鉴定,同时采用菌落生长法和玻片法测定了病原菌的生物学特性。结果表明：甜瓜棒孢叶斑病的病原菌为多主棒孢霉[Corynespora cassiicola（Berk. & Curst.）Wei];病原菌菌丝生长的最适宜培养基为大豆培养基,最适温度为 24~28 ℃,致死温度和时间为55 ℃、15 min,最适pH为 8~10,光照有利于菌丝生长,最适碳源为乳糖,最适氮源为NaNO3;分生孢子萌发的最适温度为 24 ℃,致死温度和时间为50 ℃、20 min。     

檀香炭疽病病原鉴定及其生物学特性研究

针对海南省近几年来趋重发生的檀香炭疽病,通过对该病病原进行形态学观察,致病性测定及r DNAITS序列分析,并研究病原菌生物学特性。结果表明,檀香炭疽病病原为Colletotrichum fructicola,该菌菌丝及分生孢子均能在10~35℃条件下生长,且菌丝最适生长温度及分生孢子最适萌发温度为30℃。该菌菌丝生长能适应的p H值范围为4.0~11.0,最适p H值为6.0,分生孢子萌发p H范围为4.0~11.0,最适萌发p H为5.0,光照条件下最有利于菌丝的生长,而黑暗条件下有利于分生孢子的萌发。该病病原菌在以蔗糖、可溶性淀粉为碳源的培养基上生长较好,在以蛋白胨、尿素、酵母膏浸粉、硫酸铵为氮源的培养基上生长较好。     

巴西橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病病原菌的生物学特性

研究多主棒孢菌(Corynespora cassiicola)的生物学特性,结果表明,菌丝生长的最适温度为28℃,最适pH为6～9,孢子萌发的最适温度为28～30℃。该菌能有效利用各种碳源和氮源,碳源以麦芽糖最好,氮源以蛋白胨最好。光照处理对菌丝生长速度影响不显著,交替光照有利于产孢。菌丝致死温度是60℃,15min;分生孢子的致死温度是55℃,5min。在PDA,PSA,Czapek等培养基上生长良好,但不能大量产孢,在保湿的卫生纸、玻璃片和橡胶离体叶片上,能大量产孢。     

玉米穗腐病样本中温和镰孢菌的鉴定及其生物学特性

为明确引起玉米穗腐病的一种不常见镰孢菌病原菌及其生物学特性,对采集的镰孢菌穗腐病样本进行病原菌分离和纯化,并通过柯赫氏法则（Koch''s Rule）、形态学特征和分子生物学技术对菌株进行鉴定。结果表明,分离到的菌株ZBSF002为温和镰孢菌（Fusarium temperatum）,是玉米穗腐病的致病菌。对其生物学特性研究表明,温和镰孢菌的最适碳源是可溶性淀粉,最适氮源是酵母浸粉,生长温度范围为10℃~35℃,最适温度为30℃。在pH值为4~11的培养基上均能生长和产孢,在pH值7~10培养基上菌丝生长较快且产孢量较大。光照对菌丝生长和产孢量影响不显著,菌株在光照、黑暗、交替光照3种培养条件下均能生长和产孢,连续光照条件下菌丝生长较快,且产孢量较大。病原菌菌丝和分生孢子致死温度为65℃、10 min。     

红毛丹炭疽病菌生物学特性研究

对红毛丹炭疽病病菌进行分离,鉴定病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌[Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.)Sacc.]。研究培养基、温度、湿度、pH值、光照、营养对红毛丹炭疽病菌生长和孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,该菌菌丝在PDA、CA和CZ培养基上生长较好,10~35℃下均能生长,适宜生长温度为25~28℃,分生孢子萌发的最适温度为28℃;病原菌在pH3~11都能生长,pH5~8生长较好,菌丝生长及孢子萌发最佳pH值为7;分生孢子在饱和湿度中萌发快,相对湿度低于99%时不能萌发;光照对病原菌的生长有明显的促进作用,病原菌的致死温度为:55℃,10min;PDA培养基中加入不同的糖对病原菌生长有明显的促进作用,以鼠李糖、果糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖、甘露糖和木糖最好;PDA培养基中添加2%的不同的无机氮源对病原菌的生长有明显的促进作用。     

椰子茎泻血病菌生物学特性研究

对椰子茎泻血病菌奇异长喙壳菌Ceratocystis paradoxa(Dade)Moreau[=Thie laviopsis paradoxa(De Seynes)V.Hohnel]xie331-4的生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明,马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)最适合该菌菌丝生长和产孢;以果糖为碳源最适合菌丝生长,以阿拉伯树胶粉为碳源最适合产孢;以磷酸氢二铵为氮源最适合菌丝生长,以蛋白胨为氮源最适合产孢;2%蛋白胨对孢子萌发有促进作用,2%葡萄糖、2%蔗糖对孢子萌发有抑制作用;25～35℃适合菌丝生长和产孢,25℃最适合孢子萌发,温度低于5℃或高于40℃孢子不能萌发;pH值4～11适合菌丝生长,pH为7产孢量最大,pH值为4孢子萌发率最高;光照对菌丝生长及孢子萌发无显著影响,但有利于产孢;分生孢子致死温度为52℃10min。     

亚龙湾海域海洋生态旅游活动对近岸海洋环境的影响

研究南繁区棉花炭疽病菌的生物学特性为筛选其杀菌剂提供理论依据。从海南省南繁棉花区采集病样分离得到病原菌,对病原菌进行生物学特性研究。结果表明：棉花炭疽病菌(HNNC8)菌丝在PDA培养基上生长最好;菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最适温度分别为25和30℃;最适pH值分别为7～9和6～8;连续黑暗条件较适合菌丝生长;菌丝在以麦芽糖、阿拉伯糖为碳源的培养基上生长最好;在以蛋白胨为氮源培养基上生长最好;病菌分生孢子致死温度为 55℃水浴处理 5 min。温度过高或过低酸性环境都会影响菌丝生长和分生孢子的萌发,且不同的碳源、氮源亦会影响病菌菌丝的生长。     

NR/ENR/SiO_2复合材料的阻尼性能研究

采用机械混炼的方法制备不同ENR含量的NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料,使用动态热机械分析仪(DMA)和橡胶加工分析仪(RPA)对NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料的动态力学性能和阻尼性能进行分析。结果表明:ENR对NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料的阻尼性能具有显著影响。动态热机械分析测试结果表明,随着ENR用量的增多,NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料在使用温度范围内的损耗因子积分面积增大,阻尼性能提高。橡胶加工分析频率扫描和应变扫描测试结果表明,在频率小于10 HZ不同应变时,加入了ENR的NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料的阻尼因子均高于NR/SiO2复合材料。扫描电镜分析结果证实,ENR的加入减少了SiO2的自聚,改善了填料在橡胶基体中的分散,从而使NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料力学性能得到提高。     

In VitroDigestion of Wheat Microstructure with Xylanase and Cellulase fromTrichoderma reesei

Resistant starch (RS), producedin vitroby hydrolysis of retrograded pea starch gels and amylose gels by porcine pancreaticalpha-amylase, was characterised by X-ray diffraction, size exclusion chromatography and methylation analysis. These techniques showed that RSin vitroconsisted of semi-crystalline, mostly linear material that was present in two main molecular size subfractions (DP_n>100 andDP_n20–30) with a third, minor subfraction (DP_n≤5). The extent of retrogradation of amylose was found to be of primary importance in determining the RS content of starch. Analysis ofin vivoRS, recovered during an ileostomy study, produced results that were similar to those obtained from RSin vitro. Anin vitromodel for the structure of resistant starch is proposed.     

纳米TiO_2/天然橡胶复合材料的抗菌性研究

采用溶胶凝胶法,以钛酸四丁酯掺杂金属Ag制备纳米二氧化钛(Ag-TiO2)水溶胶,并与天然胶乳湿法共混制备得到纳米TiO2/天然橡胶复合材料。紫外可见光谱表明,金属Ag能提高TiO2的光催化性能;透射电子显微镜观察到TiO2颗粒粒径为50nm左右,并且均匀的吸附在胶粒表面。研究此复合材料的抗菌性能结果表明,其具有良好的抗细菌和抗霉菌效果,对大肠杆菌的抗菌率达到90%以上,特别是硫化过后的纳米TiO2/天然橡胶复合材料的抗细菌率更达98.5%。     

细旦涤麻棉针织物的纤维素酶整理

本文介绍了酶整理技术在细旦涤麻棉针织物上的应用，提出了现在主要三种纤维素酶处理细旦涤麻棉针织物的最佳工艺及效果。     

Physicochemical Studies on Resistant StarchIn VitroandIn Vivo

Resistant starch (RS), producedin vitroby hydrolysis of retrograded pea starch gels and amylose gels by porcine pancreaticalpha-amylase, was characterised by X-ray diffraction, size exclusion chromatography and methylation analysis. These techniques showed that RSin vitroconsisted of semi-crystalline, mostly linear material that was present in two main molecular size subfractions (DP_n>100 andDP_n20–30) with a third, minor subfraction (DP_n≤5). The extent of retrogradation of amylose was found to be of primary importance in determining the RS content of starch. Analysis ofin vivoRS, recovered during an ileostomy study, produced results that were similar to those obtained from RSin vitro. Anin vitromodel for the structure of resistant starch is proposed.     

Polymorphism of Low Mr Glutenin Subunits in Triticum tauschii

A collection of 173 Triticum tauschii accessions was analysed to evaluate the variability of low molecular weight (M_r) glutenin subunits. These proteins were analysed by one-step one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and were divided into B-, C- and D-subunits in accordance with their electrophoretic mobility. Extensive polymorphism, both in the number and electrophoretic mobility, was detected in lowM_r glutenin subunits present in T. tauschii. Thirty different patterns for B-subunits and forty-three for C-subunits were identified, some of which were with identical electrophoretic mobility than those observed in hexaploid wheat. Glutenin subunits with the same electrophoretic mobilities of low M_r D-glutenin subunits as well as subunits encoded at the Glu-D4 and Glu-D5 loci, were also detected in accessions of T. tauschii. These results provide new basic knowledge regarding the genetics variability of the low M_r glutenin subunits, as well as their potential to create novel germplasm for the improvement of wheat quality in breeding programs.     

巴西橡胶树AnnHb1基因的克隆及表达分析

根据一个从巴西橡树胶乳cDNA文库中获得的EST片段的序列设计引物,通过RACE的方法获得了橡胶树编码annexin的cDNA,命名为AnnHb1。序列分析表明,AnnHb1长为1 198 bp,含有945 bp的阅读框,62 bp的5'-UTR和191 bp的3'-UTR,编码314个氨基酸,分子量为35.99 ku,等电点为8.18。该氨基酸序列与蓖麻、麻疯树、棉花、苜蓿、烟草和拟南芥中的annexin的同源性分别为82%、72%、72%、64%、60%和60%。半定量RT-PCR分析结果表明AnnHb1基因在愈伤、花、树皮、叶、胶乳中均有表达,其中在愈伤组织中表达量最低,树皮中表达量最高。     

Mating rhythms of Drosophila: rescue of tim01 mutants by D. ananassae timeless

Background  

It is reported that the circadian rhythms of female mating activity differ among Drosophila species and are controlled by an endogenous circadian clock. Here, we found that the mating rhythm of D. ananassae differed from that of D. melanogaster. Moreover, to evaluate the effect of clock gene products on mating activities, we examined the mating activity of D. melanogaster timeless (tim ⁰¹) transgenic fly harboring heat-shock promotor driven-D. ananassae timeless (tim) gene (hs-AT tim ⁰¹).     

Comparative Enzyme Kinetics of Two Allelic Forms of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Beta -amylase

The barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties, Franklin and Schooner, contain two different allelic forms of beta -amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) encoded on chromosome 4H by the Bmy 1-Sd1 and Bmy 1-Sd2L alleles, respectively. The corresponding enzymes, referred to as Sd1 and Sd2L, were purified from both mature barley grain and germinated barley (green malt), and their physical and kinetic properties studied. Approximately 4 kDa were cleaved from both Sd1 and Sd2Lbeta -amylases after germination. The K_mvalue for green malt beta -amylase was less than that of mature grain beta -amylase for both varieties when potato starch was used as a substrate, although V_maxwas similar. This indicated that proteolysis after germination increased the affinity of beta -amylase for potato starch. No significant kinetic differences were observed between beta -amylase from mature grain and green malt of the two barley varieties when amylose (degree of polymerisation 100 and 18) and maltopentaose were used as substrates. Kinetic differences were also observed between the two allelic forms of beta -amylase. Sd1 beta -amylase from green malt exhibited a lower K_mvalue for potato starch than Sd2L beta -amylase, demonstrating that at non-saturating starch concentrations Sd1 beta -amylase is better able to hydrolyse starch than Sd2L beta -amylase. As the degree of polymerisation of the substrates decreased from approximately 740 (potato starch) to 5 (maltopentaose), the K_mvalues for beta -amylase increased, whereas V_maxvalues decreased. Maltose, the hydrolytic product of beta -amylase, was found to be a weak competitive inhibitor of both Sd1 and Sd2L green malt beta -amylases with respect to potato starch and amylose. Taken together the kinetic observations for bet a-amylase suggest that the allelic differences and C-terminal proteolysis might be exploited to improve the efficiency of starch hydrolysis during the mashing stage of the brewing process.     

杜鹃红山茶离体快速繁殖

以杜鹃红山茶实生小苗为试验材料,探讨离体快速繁殖的方法。结果表明:茎段外植体在MS+BA 1 mg/L+IBA 0.01 mg/L+GA3 10 mg/L的培养基上培养60 d,侧芽萌发率高达68%;将这些萌发的侧芽连同原来的茎段外植体移至添加BA 0.2～0.4 mg/L的培养基培养1个月,74%的侧芽能够继续生长并形成丛生芽;再将丛生芽移至1/2 MS+IBA 4 mg/L+0.1%活性炭的培养基上培养1个月,得到大量伸长的芽条;将芽条切离母体后插植于1/2 MS+IBA 8 mg/L的培养基,60 d后生根率达到90%。通过以上过程繁殖得到的小苗质量良好,移栽1个月后的成活率可达90%。