新生羔羊血液某些免疫功能指标的特点和发育变化

本文以１２只自然分娩、初生重１．５－４．５ｋｇ的新生湖羊羔为对象，研究了７日龄产后期内血液某些免疫功能指标的特点和发育变化。结果表明：羔羊出生时ＷＢＣ较低，２４ｈ内明显升高，然后稍降，３日龄后逐渐回升至相对稳定；中性粒细胞％出生时较低，１日龄明显升高，然后缓慢下降，５日龄后相对稳定，淋巴细胞和单核细胞％与中性粒细胞呈相反关系变化，也于５日龄后相对稳定；淋巴细胞中Ｂ淋巴细胞比例２４ｈ内明显上升，以后随日龄增长呈波动性下降，Ｔ淋巴细胞比例变化与其相反；血浆ＴＰ、Ａ、Ｇ、ｒ－Ｇ含量出生时均较低，１日龄吃初乳后明显升高，以后ＴＰ保持相对稳定的高水平，Ａ呈下降趋势，Ｇ特别是ｒ－Ｇ进一步上升，约３日龄趋于相对稳定。     

限饲对肉鸡生产性能及胴体品质的影响

试验为６（限饲方式）×２（性别）的完全随机设计，每处理组４个重复，每重复１５只鸡。６种限饲方式为：（１）Ｒｅｓ－０（自由采食）；（２）Ｒｅｓ－１（第７日龄禁饲）　；（３）Ｒｅｓ－２（第７、１４日龄禁饲）　；（４）Ｒｅｓ－３（第７、１４、２１日龄禁饲）　；（５）Ｒｅｓ－４（第７、１４、２１、２８日龄禁饲）；（６）Ｒｅｓ－５（第７、１４、２１、２８、３５日龄禁饲）。禁饲指停饲２４　ｈ。结果４２日龄时处理１、２、３组间鸡体重无显著差异，但第４、５、６处理组体重明显低于１、２、３处理组（Ｐ＜　０．０５）…     

新生反刍动物血浆cAMP和cGMP水平变化初探

初步观察了６头黑白花犊牛和３只湖羊羔生后２４ｈ内血浆环腺苷酸（ｃＡＭＰ）和环鸟苷酸（ｃＧＭＰ）水平变化。结果表明：犊牛出生时ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ分别为１．１２±０．１０ｐＭ／ｍｌ和０．８７±０．０４ｐＭ／ｍｌ，羔羊生后１ｈ分别为１．２０±０．０１ｐＭ／ｍｌ和０．３９±０．０１ｐＭ／ｍｌ，在生后２～４ｈ内犊牛和羔羊ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ均呈上升趋势，以后在相对高水平波动直至２４ｈ，ｃＡＭＰ／ｃＧＭＰ比值生后较高，２ｈ内下降，以后处于较低的比值直至２４ｈ     

半胱胺对黄羽肉鸡增重及有关激素的影响

４８０羽２８日龄黄心肉鸡随机分成两组,每组４个重复,每个重复６０羽,试验组喂以半胱胺１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重,每周１次,对５７日龄结束,结果表明,试验组比对照组增重提高１４．７％,血液生长抑制素（ＳＳ）下降６５．３％）,甲状腺素Ｔ３、Ｔ４则分别升高１２．５％和９．７％,生长激素（ＧＨ）升高４．５％。     

半胱胺对黄羽肉鸡增重及有关激素的影响

４８０羽２８日龄黄羽肉鸡随机分成二组，每组４个重复，每个重复６０羽，试验组喂以半胱氨１００ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ，每周一次，至５７日龄结束，结果表明，试验组比对照组增重提高１４．７％，血液生长抑素（ＳＳ）下降６５．３％，甲状腺素Ｔ３，Ｔ４则分别升高１２．５％和９．７０％，生长激素（ＧＨ）升高４．５％。     

复合酶对肉仔鸡生产性能及代谢的影响

选取１日龄ＡＡ肉仔鸡８０只，随机分成二组，研究日粮添加和不添加复合酶对肉仔鸡生产性能、代谢及免疫的影响。结果表明：复合酶使肉仔鸡日增重提高７％～７．７％，料肉比降低了４．５％～４．９％，但采食量增加不显著；血液中尿酸和血糖浓度显著下降，血浆胰岛素与血清Ｔ３浓度显著提高，提示复合酶改善了肉仔鸡营养物质的吸收与代谢；此外，血清蛋白和血浆ＩｇＧ水平高于对照组，表明复合酶促进了免疫功能     

耕牛锥－46药物代谢动力学研究

用反相高效液相色谱法测定了黄牛肌注锥－４６１ｍｇ／ｋｇ后１０、２０、３０、４５ｍｉｎ；１、１．５、２、３、４、６、８．１２、２４ｈ血浆中锥－４６浓度。经ＰＫＢＰ－ＮＩ程序与３Ｐ８７程序拟合，锥－４６在黄牛体内的代谢符合二室开放模型。其主要动力学参数为：Ｔ１／２α１００．９ｍｉｎ，Ｔ１／２β１２９１．４ｍｉｎ，Ｔ１／２Ｋａ７．８２５ｍｉｎ，ＡＵＣ１６４．８μｇ·ｍｉｎ／ｍｌ，Ｔｐ２７．４１ｍｉｎ，Ｃｍａｘ０．３３９μｇ／ｍｌ。提示黄牛对该药物吸收迅速，消除缓慢，在血液中滞留时间较长，故对伊氏锥虫有较好的杀灭效果。     

安宁河流域鸭瘟、鸭霍乱综合防制研究Ⅰ．鸭瘟母源抗体测定

本试验测定了母鸭免疫后不同时期所产雏鸭的母源抗体及其卵黄吸收情况。结果表明：（１）１～４周龄雏鸭血清中均含母源抗体，在１～３周内可获得不同程度保护。５～８ｄ为母抗高峰期，保护率１００％（６／６），３～４ｄ和１０～１４ｄ的保护率８３．３％（５／６），２０ｄ后保护率不到５０％。（２）同居感染结果，５日龄保护８０％（４／５），１０日龄保护４０％（２／５），１５日龄２０％（１／５），２０，２５日龄均无存活。（３）正常情况（脐带收得好）下，出壳７２ｈ卵黄吸收率达８４．８％，１２０ｈ吸收率９５．１％，１７２ｈ几乎全部（９８．９％）吸收。     

新生犊牛血液免疫功能指标的特点及其在围产期内的发育变化

选用６头黑白花品种新生公犊，生后１２ｈ内从牧场移至实验室，装置暂时性颈静脉插管，每天采血样至１５日龄转产期结束，测定血液免疫功能指标，以研究新生犊牛免疫功能的特点及其在围产期内的发育变化。结果表明：白细胞总数在犊牛生后５日龄内递降，以后逐渐回升，１周龄后相对稳定；白细胞分类计数（％）表现为１周龄内嗜中性粒细胞显著下降，淋巴细胞显著上升，单核细胞亦呈上升趋势，嗜酸性和嗜碱性粒细胞无显著变化，１周龄后     

感染IBDV雏鸡血液激素水平和ANAE阳性淋巴细胞动态变化

为探讨内分泌活动及细胞免疫反应在鸡抗传染性法氏囊病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）感染中的调节作用机制而进行了本研究。结果表明,攻毒后１～５ｄ内,未免疫攻毒鸡（Ａ组）、免疫攻毒鸡（Ｂ组）血浆皮质酮均明显上升,而未免疫未攻毒鸡（Ｃ组）则否。Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３组血浆Ｔ４水平攻毒前后无明显变化,Ｔ３除在攻毒后第３天Ａ组明显高于Ｂ、Ｃ组外,其他时间无明显差异性变化。血液ＡＮＡＥ阳性淋巴细胞（％）在攻毒后的１～５ｄ内,Ａ组和Ｂ组明显下降,以后回升,至２８ｄ回复到攻毒前水平,并接近于Ｃ组。Ａ组的ＡＮＡＥ阳性淋巴细胞（％）与皮质酮呈显著负相关,与Ｔ３和Ｔ４无明显相关性。     

家兔交配前后及妊娠期生殖内分泌变化的研究

选择新西兰母兔１０只，于交配前后及妊娠不同时期采血，测定ＬＨ、雌二醇（Ｅ２）、孕酮（Ｐ）浓度。结果显示：ＬＨ水平在交配前４小时为１８．０２±３．０５ｎｇ／ｍｌ，交配后４小时达４３．１４±８．７５ｎｇ／ｍｌ，交配后８小时达高峰水平１６５．１２±２６．４３ｎｇ／ｍｌ，是交配前９倍，其后逐渐降至交配前水平。Ｅ２浓度在交配前５天时为４２．５±１０．１ｐｇ／ｍｌ，交配前４小时为６８．７±１２．１ｐｇ／ｍｌ，交配后４小时为１１３．１±１３．７ｐｇ／ｍｌ，交配后８小时为１１８．５±１５．４ｐｇ／ｍｌ，其后渐降。孕酮浓度在受孕后逐步升高，交配前４小时至交配后２天，孕酮水平在１．０ｎｇ／ｍｌ左右，交配后第２天时，Ｐ水平为１．１２±０．５３ｎｇ／ｍｌ，而在交配后第３～８天时，Ｐ水平达３．８２±０．７２～１０．１０±２．３４ｎｇ／ｍｌ，是交配前后的３～１０倍，交配后第２１天，Ｐ水平为１８．９４±３．９８ｎｇ／ｍｌ，交配后２９天为４．０２±１．０５ｎｇ／ｍｌ。因此，家兔通过交配刺激排卵，也伴有ＬＨ峰值。交配３天后，Ｐ水平大幅度提高，表明家兔妊娠也需要高水平孕酮，同时也为通过测定Ｐ水平进行家兔早期妊娠诊断提供理论基础     

湖羊和考力代羊公羔垂体－性腺轴系内分泌活动的差异

用放射免疫方法测定了湖羊和考力代羊公羔从初生到１８０日龄垂体内ＬＨ总量，血浆ＬＨ和睾酮浓度的变化。结果表明：湖羊从初生到９０日龄垂体内ＬＨ总量迅速上升（Ｐ＜０．０１），以后呈下降趋势；血浆ＬＨ浓度０～２０日龄较低（０．８９～１．０３ｍＩｕ／ｍｌ），３０日龄开始上升，９０日龄达到峰值（２．３４ｍＩＵ／ｍｌ），以后呈下降趋势。血浆睾酮从４０日龄起迅速上升，１２０日龄达到２．７３ｎｇ／ｍｌ，以后维持于高水平（２．３４～４．４４ｎｇ／ｍｌ）。考力代羊０～１８０日龄垂体内ＬＨ总量呈持续上升趋势（Ｐ＜０．０１），血浆ＬＨ水平０～８０日龄维持较低水平（０．５２±０．９９ｍＩｕ／ｍｌ），以后呈上升趋势；血浆睾酮水平０～１３０日龄很低（０．１９～１．１３ｎｇ／ｍｌ），１４０日龄开始上升。两品种比较，０～９０日龄湖羊垂体内的ＬＨ总量，血浆ＬＨ及睾酮水平均高于考力代羊。提示湖羊公羔性成熟早与其生后早期垂体合成和释放ＬＨ水平高有关。     

Plasma erythropoietin in newborn lambs

In the present study early postnatal changes in erythropoietin (Epo) level and hemoglobin concentration in 8 lambs were examined. Plasma Epo was estimated by a monoclonal enzyme-immunoassay (ELISA), developed for human Epo. In all the lambs, except one, Epo was low, or undetectable, immediately after birth. Within 6-12 h after birth, a marked increase in plasma Epo was found in 4 of the lambs. Within 3-7 days after birth, Epo was back to low levels. In the lamb with high Epo levels at birth, drastic decreases were observed during the next 6 h. There was no obvious correlation between the hemoglobin concentrations and the changes in plasma Epo.     

Experimentally induced testicular alterations in boars: hormonal changes in mature and peripubertal boars

Eleven sexually mature boars and 10 peripubertal boars were used to study the effects of elevated testicular temperature on plasma hormonal levels. The scrotum of the boars was covered with a textile-aluminium foil insulation device for 100 h. Insulation of the scrotum in the peripubertal boars took place at an age of 100 days. Blood samples were drawn 3 times daily for 12 days in the mature boars, starting 3 days before scrotal insulation. In the peripubertal boars, blood sampling was performed once a day for 11 days, starting the first day of scrotal insulation. During scrotal insulation, the plasma levels of testosterone, oestradiol-17 beta and oestrone sulphate decreased continuously in the mature boars. After removal of the scrotal insulation device there was a continuously increase, back to normal levels of oestradiol-17 beta and oestrone sulphate. The plasma levels of testosterone showed an immediate rise of brief duration after removal of the device in 5 of the boars, while in the other 6 boars the rise in testosterone levels came 4 days after removal and lasted for 3 days. In the peripubertal boars, there were no significant differences in the hormone levels between the experimental and control animals during and after scrotal insulation. However, the decrease in testosterone concentration over time, during scrotal insulation, was significant within the experimental group.     

Activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate-aminotransferase in colostrum, milk and blood plasma of calves fed first colostrum at 0-2, 6-7, 12-13 and 24-25 h after birth

Enzyme activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and aspartate-aminotransferase (AST) were measured from birth to the age of 28 days in calves which were fed colostrum at 0-2, 6-7, 12-13, or 24-25 h after birth. Enzyme activities were also measured in colostrum (first to fifth milking) and in mature milk. Activities were highest in the first colostrum milking and decreased to the lowest activities in mature milk. Plasma gamma-GT activity transiently increased after first colostrum intake and was greater in calves fed first colostrum within less than 6-7 h than in those fed first colostrum later than 12 h after birth. Activity of gamma-GT reflected the absorption of colostral gamma-GT, which decreased with time after birth. The AP activity transiently increased after colostrum intake and was higher in calves fed colostrum within the first 12 h of life than in those fed later after birth. The transient rise of plasma AP activity also indicated absorption of colostral AP, although endogenous sources of AP could not be excluded. The activity of AST also transiently increased after colostrum intake but there was no association with time of first colostrum feeding, indicating that the rise of plasma AST activity was the consequence of enhanced endogenous production and was independent of colostrum intake. In conclusion, there are different causes leading to postnatal changes in enzyme activities.     

Changes in serum thyroid hormone levels in newborn calves as a diagnostic index of endemic goiter

Maximum serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels of healthy calves were seen at 1 day after birth, and thereafter rapidly decreased until 5 days after birth. They stabilized until 2 weeks after birth, then gradually decreased until 4 weeks after birth. Serum T4 levels of calves with endemic goiter tended to be lower than those of healthy ones, but showed similar levels to those of adult cows. T3 levels of calves with goiter were similar to those of healthy ones, but showed higher variation. T4/T3 ratio of calves with goiter were significantly lower than those of healthy ones and adult cows. While individual levels of serum T4 and T3 at just after birth could not be considered as a diagnostic index, the T4/T3 ratio could be adopted as a diagnostic index of endemic goiter.     

Concentrations of cortisol, glucose and free fatty acids in the blood plasma of swine in relation to age and in sows close to farrowing

The glucose concentration in sows tends to undergo slight rise within 24 hours from farrowing, while the concentration of free fatty acids declines from the onset of lactation. Cortisol went up on the day of farrowing and dropped afterwards, but neither movement was secured. The plasma values of newborn piglets were compared to those of their dams Cortisol was higher (15.0 +/- 6.4 and 9.7 +/- 3.7 microgram/100 ml), but glucose concentrations were lower (50 +/- 9 and 78 +/- 9 mg/100 ml), while the average levels of free fatty acids were in good agreement. In the nursing period, cortisol dropped to one fifth of the original value within 24 hours from birth and stayed at that level. Glucose increased to a maximum within twelve hours and declined continuously along with progressing nursing period. The level of free fatty acids, too, rose significantly up to the fifth day after birth. Cortisol, glucose, and free fatty acids in store pigs, aged 28 days, were lower than in nursed piglets of the same age.     

Colostral transfer of gamma glutamyl transferase in lambs

Serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels in blood samples taken from normal lambs which had suckled colostrum were found to be up to 140 times normal adult levels. These high serum levels declined rapidly reaching a stable level approximately 60% higher than normal adult values by 24 days of age. Newborn lambs which had not yet consumed colostrum had GGT levels which would be considered normal in adult sheep. The GGT concentration in ewes' colostrum was up to 470 times normal serum levels. There was a significant positive correlation between serum GGT and gamma globulin levels in blood samples taken from lambs within 24 hours of birth. Lambs' serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) levels also rose concurrently with the absorption of colostral gamma globulin, with the day 1 AP values being significantly correlated with the serum gamma globulin levels. Serum AP levels declined gradually but were still well above normal adult levels at 45 days of age while SGOT levels returned to normal adult levels by two to three days after birth. It is concluded therefore that, as previously shown in calves, lambs acquire high levels of serum GGT activity from their mothers' colostrum in proportion to the amount of gamma globulin absorbed and also show a concurrent rise in serum AP activity. However the rise in SGOT levels at this time has not been observed in calves.     

鸡血液激素水平与抗病力相关性研究

本试验以ＡＡ肉鸡父母代和商品代为试验材料，对其血浆中皮质酮、三碘甲腺原氨酸（Ｔ３）、甲状腺素（Ｔ４）和生长激素（ＧＨ）进行了测定，并对部分鸡进行马立克强毒接种，以探讨血浆激素与抗病力关系。结果表明，７周龄不同基因型鸡间存在明显差异。血液Ｔ淋巴细胞活性在商品代明显高于父母代。马立克强毒接种后血浆高、低皮质酮水平间Ｔ淋巴细胞活性有明显差异。相关估计结果表明，血浆激素水平大多与Ｔ淋巴细胞呈低正相关，而皮质酮与Ｔ淋巴细胞呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。本研究结果指出，激素受环境因素影响较大，应用于抗病育种仍需进一步研究。