鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒的分离鉴定

采用自然感染鸡的气管粘膜及分泌物为材料，以鸡胚接种分离出一株病毒ＣＬ９４。通过接种鸡胚的病变特点、回归本动物试验、琼脂免疫扩散试验、毒价测定、中和试验以及对有机溶剂的敏感试验等证明ＣＬ９４分离株是鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒（ＩＬＴＶ）。为证实ＩＬＴ在安徽存在提供了可靠的依据。     

用单抗介导的荧光抗体技术检测鸡尿囊细胞内传染性支气管炎病毒的研究

用传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）Ｈ１２０、Ｈ５２、Ｍ４１、ＡＲＫ、澳大利亚Ｔ株、野外分离株ＲＳ、ＲＹ及鸡新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）、鸡传染性法氏囊病毒（ＩＢＤＶ），鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒（ＩＬＴＶ）、减蛋综合症病毒（ＥＤＳＶ）等分别接种９日龄ＳＰＦ鸡胚，３７℃孵育４８小时后，将其尿囊液离心，沉淀用ＰＢＳ悬浮，涂片，用抗ＩＢＶ单抗ＭＣ作一抗、进行间接荧光抗体检测。结果：Ｈ１２Ｏ、Ｈ５２、Ｍ４１“ＡＲＫ、Ｔ株及ＲＳ、ＲＹ均显阳性，而ＮＤＶ、ＩＢＤＶ、ＩＬＴＶ、ＥＤＳＶ均为阴性。结果表明、用此法检测鸡胚尿囊液中ＩＢＶ．具有快速、敏感、特异的优点。     

用单抗介导的荧光抗体技术检测鸡尿囊细胞内传染性支气管炎病毒的研究

用传染性支气管炎病毒Ｈ１２０、Ｈ５２、Ｍ４１、ＡＲＫ、澳大利亚Ｔ株、野外分离株ＲＳ、ＲＹ及鸡新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）、鸡传染性法氏囊病毒、鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒，减蛋综合症病毒等分别接种９日龄ＳＰＦ鸡胚，３７Ｃ孵育４８小时后，将其尿囊液离心，沉淀用ＰＢＳ悬浮，涂片，用抗ＩＢＶ单抗ＭＣ作一抗，进行间接荧光抗体检测。结果：Ｈ１２０、Ｈ５２、Ｍ４１“ＡＲＫ、Ｔ株及ＲＳ、ＲＹ均显阳性，而ＮＤＶ、ＴＢＤＶ、ＩＬＴ     

鸡病毒性关节炎病毒适应Vero细胞的研究

５株已适应鸡胚细胞的ＡＶＡＶ在Ｖｅｒｏ细胞上传２～５代后各毒株均能产生明显的ＣＰＥ和较高的病毒滴度，而２株非鸡胚细胞适应株（分别为鸡胚毒和野外组织毒）在Ｖｅｒｏ细胞上盲传７代，仍无明显的ＣＰＥ出现。这一结果初步表明Ｖｅｒｏ细胞能用于已适应鸡胚细胞的毒株的增殖。而不能用于病毒的分离。吸附时间与冻融次数明显影响病毒的适应进程，以吸附１小时、冻融２次以上为佳。ＡＶＡＶＪＮ－１株能在Ｖｅｒｏ细胞上产生蚀斑，大小为２．７～４．４ｍｍ，出斑时间为接种后４～５天，Ｖｅｒｏ细胞用于中和试验，测得Ｓ（１１３３）株免疫鸡血清的小和效价为１：８０。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病超强毒LX株的分离鉴定

从一免疫失败鸡场中分离到１株鸡传染性法氏囊病野毒株,命名为ＬＸ株。经血清学、鸡胚接种、病毒形态、外源病毒（ＣＡＡ、ＮＤＶ和ＩＢＶ）排除试验等证实该分离物为纯净的ＩＢＤＶ。人工感染试验表明,该ＬＸ株接种８龄ＳＰＦ鸡后第２天鸡只精神 沉郁,拉白色或绿色粪便,发病率为１００％,第３￣４天出现死亡高峰,而后很少引起死亡,死亡率达９２．３％,剖检可见全身性出血素质,法氏囊呈“紫葡萄样”外观,脾脏肿大,胸腺萎     

犬瘟热病毒的分离鉴定

本试验通过鸡胚成纤维细胞直接从犬病料中分离到一株犬瘟热病毒，定名为ＣＤＶ－ＤＬ１株。该毒株在鸡胚成纤维细胞上生长良好，产生明显的细胞病变（ＣＰＥ），在电镜下观察，病毒粒子具有囊和纤突，大小为１２０－２００ｎｍ。核酸型为ＲＮＡ，不耐乙醚。该病毒接种幼犬，可使幼犬发病，但无论考验工感染均不能使幼犬１００％的发病。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒的分离鉴定

通过鸡胚接种，从北京郊区某鸡场出现呼吸道症状并有肾肿大、苍白的鸡群中分离到一株病毒，该病毒能导致鸡胚出现侏儒胚；病毒大小为８５～１０３ｎｍ，表面有特征性纤突，排列稀疏均匀，在鸡胚内能干扰鸡新城疫病毒增殖，对乙醚敏感，属有囊膜病毒；该病毒不耐热，５６℃１小时即被更活；用本病毒回归２５日龄雏鸡，可使试验鸡出现典型的花斑肾，上述各项鉴定证明，该分离毒为肾型ＩＢＶ．此外，用本病毒制备的油乳剂灭活苗，基本上可抵抗该每株的攻击．     

鸽新城疫病毒的分离及其生物学特性测定

用ＳＰＦ鸡胚从疑似鸽新城疫（鸽ＮＤ）病鸽群中分离到一株病毒ＱＬ株,该病毒株能凝集鸡红细胞（ＲＢＣ）,这种凝集作用能被抗新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）阳性血清抑制;用抗ＮＤＶ单抗ＰＥＧ夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ测定分离株为阳性。分离株经肌肉注射能使鸽发病和死亡,出现与自然发病鸽一致的症状和病变,但肌注ＳＰＦ鸡只感染,不见临床症状。对该分离株作进一步生物学特性鉴定,按照国际上规定的ＮＤＶ毒力判定标准,测定了该毒株最低致死量致死鸡胚的平均死亡时间（ＭＤＴ）、１日龄雏鸡脑内接种致病指数（ＩＣＰＩ）和６周龄雏鸡静脉接种致病指数（ＩＶＰＩ）,结果ＭＤＴ为１０５小时、ＩＣＰＩ为１．３３、ＩＶＰＩ为１．０。试验结果表明本分离株为鸽新城疫病毒。     

兽用干扰素诱生剂抗病毒效果的试验研究

通过鸡胚接种抗病毒试验，观察了兽用于干扰素诱生剂对火鸡疱疹病毒（ＨＶＴ）、传染性喉气管炎病毒（ＩＬＴＶ）、传染性法氏囊病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）三种病毒的灭毒效果。结果表明，该药对ＨＶＴ杀毒作用不大明显，但对ＩＬＴＶ、ＩＢＤＶ具有较强的杀毒作用。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒弱毒株的选育

从南京地区分离的肾病变型传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）经ＳＰＦ鸡胚连续传代至６５代时,对雏鸡无致病性,命名为ＩＢＶ－ＡＴ６５,感染鸡胚的ＥＩＫ５０为１０＾－７．６６/０．２mＬ,鸡胚于接种后５１h开始死亡,存活鸡胚表现为发育受阻、卷缩,肾脏有尿酸盐沉积,其尿囊液对１％鸡红细胞凝集反应为阴性。用ＡＴ６５原液０．２mＬ分别于气 管内接种１０日龄ＡＡ鸡（攻毒前经血凝抑制试验检测ＩＢＶ抗体为阴性）,以及攻毒后将     

狐狸脑炎病毒的分离鉴定

通过ＭＤＣＫ传细胞从黑龙江某狐场疑似狐狸脑炎病狐的肝脏中分离到对本动物具有较强致病能力的强毒株,定名为ＦＥＶ－Ｈ。经系统鉴定,并与已知国内分离毒株狐狸脑炎病毒ＦＥＶ－８８０１,狐喉气管炎病毒ＦＡＶ－２比较,证实为狐狸脑炎病毒,属犬１型腺病毒（ＣＡＶ－１）。     

Development of a monoclonal antibody based competitive-ELISA for detection and titration of antibodies to peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute febrile, viral, disease of small ruminants with great economic importance. A competitive-ELISA (c-ELISA) test was developed for detection of antibodies to PPR virus in the sera samples of goats and sheep. The test uses monoclonal antibody to a neutralizing epitope of haemagglutinin protein of the virus. Based on the distribution of known negative sera samples (n=933) in respect of PPR virus antibodies in the test, a cut-off value was set as 38%. This value was the result of mean of negative population added with two times the standard deviations. A total of 1668 sera samples from goat and sheep and 32 sera from cattle were screened by c-ELISA and virus neutralization test (VNT). Efficacy of c-ELISA compared very well with VNT having high relative specificity (98.4%) and sensitivity (92.4%). The sensitivity of c-ELISA for PPR sero-surveillance could further be increased (95.4%), if the target population is non-vaccinated. c-ELISA test correlated well with VNT (r=0.845) for end-point titration of PPR virus antibody in 64 goat sera samples. It could clearly separate infected population from uninfected in field sera. Using c-ELISA test paired sera samples from 13 goats provided a clear diagnosis of PPR virus infection. Furthermore, antibodies to PPR virus could be successfully detected during 1 year after vaccination in four goats inoculated with an experimental PPR vaccine. Findings suggest that the c-ELISA test developed can easily replace VNT for sero-surveillance, sero-monitoring, diagnosis from paired sera samples and end-point titration of PPR virus antibodies.     

赤羽病病毒套式RT-PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

根据GenBank中已发表的赤羽病病毒(AKAV)的S基因序列,设计了3条特异性引物,建立了检测AKAV的套式RT-PCR方法。特异性试验表明,该方法可以特异扩增出AKAV的S基因片段,但从牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、传染性牛鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)等13种对照病毒中均不能扩增出目的条带。敏感性试验表明,套式RT-PCR能够扩增10-5稀释度的病毒RNA(核酸含量约1.18 ng/μL),比普通RT-PCR高出1 000倍。用此方法检测130份奶牛血清样品与1份流产胎儿病料,均未检测到阳性样本,但AKAV在血清模拟样品中可被有效检出。研究结果表明,该方法灵敏、特异,为AKAV的检测提供了一个快速、有效的手段。     

鸭疱疹病毒Ⅱ型（暂定名）的分离鉴定

自1990年以来，在福建、浙江和广东等省发生一种以双翅羽毛管淤血呈紫黑色、断裂和脱落以及皮下、脏器（肝脏、胰脏）和肠道（十二指肠、直肠和盲肠）出血为主要特征的新的鸭传染病，暂定名为鸭出血症。我们对从自然感染该病典型病死番鸭脏器中获得的1株含2种病毒粒子（直径大小分别为30－40mm和80－120mm)的分离物，以Ⅰ型雏鸭病毒性肝炎标准阳性血清进行连续4代中和后接种番鸭胚，收集死亡番鸭胚胚液进行病毒纯化、负染、电镜观察和SPF鸡胚接种试验证明获得单一病毒分离株（定名为鸭出血症病毒）。该病毒为不耐酸、不耐碱、不耐热、对氯仿处理敏感、核酸类型为双股DNA的有囊膜病毒，直径为80－150nm；对番鸭胚、鹅胚、麻鸭胚、半番鸭胚、北京鸭胚和SPF鸡胚的致 死率分别为100％、100％、78．3％、60％、82．1％和0％；对10－11日龄番鸭胚的ELD50为10^-7.78/0.2ml；无血凝活性，不凝集“O”型人、鸭、鸡、鹅、家兔、小鼠，豚鼠、猪和绵羊红细胞；经血清中和试验证明该病毒与Ⅰ型雏鸭肝炎病毒、雏番鸭细小病毒、雏鹅细小病毒、鸭瘟病毒无血清学相关性。据以上结果可将该病毒确定为疱疹病毒科成员，但鉴于其与鸭瘟病毒（鸭疱疹病毒Ⅰ型）无血清学相关性，则暂定名为鸭疱疹病毒Ⅱ型，此为国内外首次报道。     

Duration of excretion of virulent Newcastle disease virus following challenge of chickens with different titres of serum antibody to the virus

Virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was isolated from susceptible and immune chickens following intra-ocular challenge with the Essex '70 strain. Challenge virus was isolated from the trachea and cloaca of susceptible birds until they died 7 to 9 days after challenge. This virus was isolated from immunised chickens for up to 14 days after challenge. The duration of excretion was influenced by the prechallenge serum antibody titre to NDV. It persisted longest in chickens with titres of 2(3) to 2(7) and decreased in length and frequency from chickens with titres in the range 2(8) to 2(12). Chickens with pre-challenge titres of 2(3) to 2(5) developed 2- to 3- fold increases in post-challenge titres, whereas those with higher pre-challenge titres had smaller proportional increases in titre. Excretion of virulent virus from immunised birds should be considered in the development of Newcastle disease control programs.     

应用生物素标记的NDV－cDNA探针检测感染尿囊液中NDV－RNA的初步研究

本文应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术从构建的新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）ｃＤＮＡ文库中扩增含编码Ｆ糖蛋白前体──Ｆｏ酶切位点序列的３５９ｂｐ的Ｆ蛋白基因ｃＤＮＡ片段。将此３５９ｂｐｃＤＮＡ片段经光敏生物素标记后,即成ＮＤＶ－ｃＤＮＡ探针。该探针能特异性地从感染的尿囊液中检测出ＮＤＶ强毒株和疫苗毒株的基因组ＲＮＡ,而不与ＩＢＤｖ－ｄｓＲＮＡ、ＡＩＢｖ－ｓｓＲＮＡ、ＥＤＳ７６－ｄｓＤＮＡ、ＭＤＶ－ｄｓＤＮＡ,ＦＰＶ－ｄｓＲＮＡ及ＡＩＬＶ－ｄｓＤＮＡ发生交叉杂交反应。试验结果表明：尽管该探钎含有编码Ｆｏ蛋白酶切位点序列的碱基顺序,但它还是不能把ＮＤＶ的强、弱毒株区分开。这说明ＮＤＶ强、弱毒株比区域内的碱基存在着相当大的同源性。不过,此探针对ＮＤＶ来说具有特异性,这就为ＮＤＶ的诊断技术开创了基因水平检测的新途径。     

Bovine enterovirus BEV-T64. Biological characteristics. Experimental genital and digestive tract infection

A virus isolated from a healthy cow was tested for biological characteristics. It was resistant to lipid solvents, stable at pH 3 and to 50 °C for 1 hr. and showed a remarkable stability during storage at various temperature levels. The virus replicated and caused deaths in chicken embryos, whereas no pathogenicity for mice was recorded. Chickens immunized developed high-levels of humoral antibodies to the virus. A sedimentation constant between 140 and 150 S was recorded. The agent possesses the characteristics of an enterovirus and is designated BEV-T64.Limited studies on experimental infections in heifers indicated that the animal genitally infected developed higher levels of circulating antibodies than those infected intranasally or orally (by contact). The shedding of virus from the genital tract terminated after 10 days, whereas virus was reisolated for as long as 44 and 70 days in cases of alimentary canal infection. No clinical signs of disease could be observed.     

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus infections in piglets born to sows vaccinated against swine fever with contaminated vaccine

On eight farms a congenital pestivirus infection in piglets was detected which could be traced to vaccination of the dams against swine fever (SF). Viruses isolated from the piglets were not recognised by monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) against swine fever virus (SFV) and were shown to be bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) or Border disease virus. The expected 'Chinese' strain of SFV could not be demonstrated in the batch of vaccine that had been used on these farms. Instead, a contaminating pestivirus was recovered which was not recognised by the MCAs against SFV. The contaminant had an unexpectedly high virulence for lambs and induced antibodies against BVDV in lambs and pigs. It could, therefore, be characterised as BVDV or Border disease virus.     

重组M蛋白-乳胶凝集试验检测PRRS病毒血清抗体的研究

利用纯化的 PRRS病毒重组 M蛋白致敏乳胶制成乳胶抗原 ,成功地建立了一种检测 PRRS病毒血清抗体的乳胶凝集试验 (L AT)诊断方法。用制备的乳胶 M抗原分别检测猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病、猪细小病毒病、猪弓形体病、猪衣原体病、猪乙型脑炎阳性血清 ,结果均为阴性 ,无交叉反应 ,说明建立的 L AT方法具有良好的特异性。用建立的乳胶凝集试验方法与国外IDEXX公司 PRRS病毒抗体检测试剂盒同时对 76份猪血清样本进行检测 ,结果表明建立的 L AT方法的特异性和敏感性均为 95 % ,两种方法的总符合率为 87% ,检出率基本一致。研究结果表明 L AT方法具有操作简便、快速、敏感性高、特异性强、价格低廉且可用于现场检测等优点 ,是一种适合基层兽医单位用于 PRRS病毒血清抗体检测的新方法