挤橡工艺参数对橡皮电线电缆产品质量的影响

电线电缆的挤橡是通过挤橡机的螺杆压缩,再由模具成型在导电线芯或成缆线芯上包一层整体的、紧密的、厚度均匀的绝缘或护套的工艺加工过程。绝缘层或护套层的质量除受橡皮配方、橡胶混炼质量、橡料塑性等因素的影响外,还受挤橡时的挤出温度、挤包速度、挤橡模具的质量和选配等一系列因素影响。     

基于VAR模型的海南农垦天然橡胶要素投入产出分析

借助VAR模型分析海南农垦天然橡胶主要要素投入对产出的影响,发现在现有技术条件和生产阶段,天然橡胶开割面积是干胶产量增加的主动力,割胶工人、固定资产投入的贡献已很低;海南农垦天然橡胶生产已经处于原有技术体系的后期和面临技术体系革新的时期。因此应在现有技术体系不变条件下,提高现有技术的转化应用,加快新的技术体系变革。     

鲜胶乳生物凝固工艺技术研究

研究了生物凝固液用量、鲜胶乳浓度、气候条件、氨含量等因素对鲜胶乳生物凝固效果的影响。结果表明:凝固剂适宜用量为10%;鲜胶乳浓度对凝固影响较小;当全天最高气温在25℃以下时,胶乳完全凝固需16 h以上;氨含量达0.02%时即可显著影响胶乳的凝固,用量达到0.08%时,胶乳不能凝固;添加辅助凝固剂可加快胶乳的凝固。     

云南德宏、临沧天然橡胶产业现状与发展意见

通过对云南德宏、临沧地区天然橡胶产业的深入调研,分析了民营橡胶快速发展和国营农场体制改革、"属地"管理后天然橡胶产业发展中管理和技术层面存在的问题,提出了加快建立农民橡胶专业生产合作社和建立、完善区域天然橡胶产业技术支撑体系的发展意见。     

Plant and bird diversity in rubber agroforests in the lowlands of Sumatra,Indonesia

Plant and bird diversity in the Indonesian jungle rubber agroforestry system was compared to that in primary forest and rubber plantations by integrating new and existing data from a lowland rain forest area in Sumatra. Jungle rubber gardens are low-input rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) agroforests that structurally resemble secondary forest and in which wild species are tolerated by the farmer. As primary forests have almost completely disappeared from the lowlands of the Sumatra peneplain, our aim was to assess the contribution of jungle rubber as a land use type to the conservation of plant and bird species, especially those that are associated with the forest interior of primary and old secondary forest. Species-accumulation curves were compiled for terrestrial and epiphytic pteridophytes, trees and birds, and for subsets of ‘forest species’ of terrestrial pteridophytes and birds. Comparing jungle rubber and primary forest, groups differed in relative species richness patterns. Species richness in jungle rubber was slightly higher (terrestrial pteridophytes), similar (birds) or lower (epiphytic pteridophytes, trees, vascular plants as a whole) than in primary forest. For subsets of ‘forest species’ of terrestrial pteridophytes and birds, species richness in jungle rubber was lower than in primary forest. For all groups, species richness in jungle rubber was generally higher than in rubber plantations. Although species conservation in jungle rubber is limited by management practices and by a slash-and-burn cycle for replanting of about 40 years, this forest-like land use does support species diversity in an impoverished landscape increasingly dominated by monoculture plantations.     

橡胶树冷应答转录组cDNA-AFLP分析

以橡胶树11个抗寒无性系和12个不抗寒无性系为研究对象,利用cDNA-AFLP技术对23个橡胶树无性系低温处理前后的基因表达谱进行差异分析。结果表明:通过100对引物组合的扩增筛选,共获得12条在2组材料中表现一致的差异片段(GenBank登录号:GO269543-GO269554);BLASTn和BLASTx比对分析显示,TDF7-8,TDF5-15,TDF16-103条片段分别与植物抗逆相关的ABC转运蛋白、3-脱氧-D-阿拉伯庚酮糖-7-磷酸合成酶(DAHPS)、WRKY基因有较高相似性,其余9条片段在GenBank未比对到同源序列。     

橡胶树AM菌根研究进展

橡胶是四大工业原料之一 ,在交通、军用工业中尤为重要。其中天然橡胶的主要来源是巴西橡胶树 (H evea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) ,它在我国南方热带地区广为栽培 ,是重要的经济树种和用材树种 ,因而是工业与民用的重要资源。已有研究证实 :橡胶树根系可以形成 AM菌根 (arbuscular mycorrhiza)。AM菌根是广泛分布的一类内生菌根 ,能够促进宿主植物吸收土壤中的养分 ,增强宿主的抗逆性 ,有利于植物生长。近 30 a来 ,国外一些学者对橡胶树菌根真菌的资源与分布 ,菌根真菌对苗木营养和生长效应以及提高苗木抗逆性方面进行了研究。而国内尚…     

西双版纳2009/2010年秋冬春连旱对橡胶生产的影响

由于大气环流的异常影响,云南西双版纳州2009/2010年秋冬春气候异常,出现了本州自有气象记录以来最严重的秋冬春连旱。异常的高温干旱对橡胶树造成了严重影响:橡胶树物候异常、病虫害频发、开割时间比往年推迟10～30d、干胶减产;橡胶树抗旱定植困难大、成本高;随干旱而至的大风、冰雹灾害严重,造成严重经济损失。     

The household economics of rubber intercropping during the immature period in Northeast Thailand

In order to alleviate poverty in Northeast Thailand, the Thai government has promoted rubber farming, which has expanded at the expense of annual crops. Because of a long immature period, planting rubber represents a loss of income for poor farmers in the very first years. This paper analyzed how rubber intercropping during the immature period helps farmers to compensate for this loss of income. Economic performances of the most widespread rubber farming systems were analyzed using information collected from a questionnaire addressed to 35 farmers in Buriram province. A sub-sample of 22 farmers was further interviewed to estimate the contribution of rubber intercropping in the formation of the total annual income during the immature period. The results showed that interest in rubber intercropping has grown, with cassava and rice as the main associated crops. With additional costs of about 14,169 ?/ha/year over monospecific rubber plantations, rubber-cassava intercropping systems generated a gross margin estimated at 11,340 ?/ha/year for a 3-year period. Compared to a monospecific rubber plantation, rubber-cassava intercropping systems reduced management costs by 59% over the 6-year period of rubber immaturity. The cash-income drawn from intercropping ranged from 0 to 26.8% of the household’s total annual income, which can be of considerable importance for low-income farmers.     

老挝北部5省橡胶林提取及时空扩张研究

[目的]分析老挝北部"金三角"地区橡胶林提取方法及橡胶林时空扩张特征,为合理规划橡胶种植、区域生态环境保护等提供方法和依据。[方法]基于MODIS影像和橡胶林物候特征,选取不同地类特征参数,实现橡胶林空间分布快速可重复的决策树提取新方法,并基于单一土地利用率模型研究橡胶林扩张机制。[结果](1)橡胶林提取时间窗口为1月至3月,基于不同地类特征参数生成的橡胶成林、幼林决策树提取方法总精度为80.67%,高分一号影像通过面向对象方法验证MODIS影像提取结果精度可靠。(2)2010—2015年,老挝北部5省橡胶林由12.6万hm~2扩张到16.96万hm~2,面积变化率最大的是乌多姆赛省,丰沙里省扩张速度最慢。[结论]MODIS影像提取橡胶林方法和结果简单有效。橡胶林分布在海拔和坡度上呈现不断上升的趋势,海拔1 500 m以上零星分布,坡度上分布上限为35°,而坡向扩张无明显规律。从LUCC视角分析得到橡胶林时空扩张的主要影响因素是社会政策和经济因素。     

关于云南橡胶种子油食用开发现状与思考

简述橡胶种子油研发历史,证实橡胶种子油是一种营养丰富、保健功能明确的优质油资源;分析了橡胶种子油一直未能实现食用油开发的原因;提出了橡胶种子油食用开发还需要完成的研究和技术应用;展现了橡胶种子油食用开发经济效益高,社会效益、生态效益好的前景。     

云南橡胶树小蠹虫研究

云南植胶区橡胶树小蠹虫为4个科17个种的小蠹虫群体,是主要蛀食橡胶树死亡组织的次期性害虫,长期生存在橡胶林中。1990年后,橡胶树小蠹虫为害逐渐明显,表现大量发生,虫害树快速死亡,造成严重的经济损失。经2000～2007年的研究表明:橡胶树小蠹虫种群结构已发生重要变化,活蛀性的角面长小蠹(Platypussecrelus Sampson)、小杯长小蠹(P.calicutus Chapuis)已发展成为优势种,致使橡胶树小蠹虫种群从次要害虫逐渐变为主要害虫,成为橡胶树衰退重要的促进因素(Contributing factors);橡胶树衰退,特别是过度的乙烯利刺激割胶导致的橡胶树衰退,是促变小蠹虫群体结构并逐渐发展成为主要害虫的主要诱因。因此,提高管理水平,调控生产技术,使胶林生态系统达到新的平衡,才是有效地控制橡胶树衰退趋势和控制小蠹虫为害于经济阈值之下的正确途径。     

海南东部垦区部分农场橡胶树叶片营养元素含量分析

对海南省东部部分农场PR107和RRIM600不同产量水平的成龄胶园叶片养分分别进行了研究,结果表明,两个品种的高、中、低产胶园叶片养分状况都存有明显差异,PR107品种高产胶园的全氮和全磷显著高于中、低产胶园;RRIM600不同产量水平的胶园中全钾和钙存在显著差异。高产胶园中,PR107和RRIM600品种间叶片养分含量存在显著差异,因此,要因树施肥,合理配比,达到增产的目的。     

巴西橡胶树产胶与排胶机制研究进展

从产胶形态结构及生理学研究、分子生物学研究、排胶机制研究、割胶及乙烯刺激对产胶排胶的影响等方面对巴西橡胶树的产胶与排胶机制进行综述.     

基于WebGIS的东风农场橡胶树施肥信息管理系统的设计与实现

以西双版纳东风农场为例,基于开源WebGIS软件GeoServer建立橡胶树施肥信息管理系统,实现橡胶园基础信息查询、橡胶树营养和胶园土壤养分空间查询以及橡胶树施肥配方自动判断等多种功能。     

Shade tolerance and suitability of tree species for planting in rubber plantations

The rapid increase in rubber monoculture in Xishuangbanna has resulted in extensive damage to its local ecosystem. To decrease the negative effects, the concept of the ecological-economic rubber plantation (EERP) system was proposed. The EERP entails intercropping rubber plants with other economically significant plants, which would not only decrease the ecological impact of the rubber plantation, but also maintain and potentially increase its profitability compared with rubber monocultures. In order to select the appropriate species and intercropping pattern in the EERP system, we compared the photosynthetic parameters of five economically important trees (Swietenia mahagoni, Coffea arabica, Mesua ferrea, Myristica yunnanensis and Paramichelia baillonii) under four irradiance levels. The optimal irradiance intensity of C. arabica and M. yunnanensis was approximately 40%, and these species can be planted in the understory of an 8- to 15-year-old rubber forest. Adult S. mahagoni, M. ferrea and P. baillonii grow taller than the rubber trees, and their seedlings also show superior performance in 100% irradiance than in other irradiances. Thus, in an EERP, these valuable trees could be planted adjacent to rubber plantations but on sites that are economically and environmentally marginal for rubber production.     

临沧市天然橡胶产业提升发展对策探讨

简述云南临沧市天然橡胶产业发展中存在的问题,探讨了为提升临沧市天然橡胶产业应实施“科技行动”计划,创新管理体制和经营模式,实施橡胶产业整合,优化产品结构与布局,加强组织领导,完善扶持政策等对策。     

国家农业部原部长何康同志与云南天然橡胶业

国家农业部部长何康同志是我国天然橡胶业的创业者和领导者之一,文章通过有关重大史实的记述,展现出何何康同志一直在关心和指导云南天然橡胶业的创造和发展的至深情怀。     

连续级配橡胶颗粒沥青混合料抗剥落性能研究

为了明确抗剥落剂对橡胶颗粒沥青混合料抗剥落性能的影响,本文选取3种道路工程中最常见的抗剥落剂．在试验室内通过浸水马歇尔试验和冻融劈裂试验研究连续型密级配橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的抗剥落性能。试验结果证明：聚酰胺和Modife300都能够提高橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的抗剥落性,且其掺量越多,橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的抗剥落性能越好。但Morlife300对橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的抗剥落性能的改善程度比聚酰胺要弱。橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的抗剥落性能随着石灰掺量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,石灰的适宜掺量在0．4％左右。研究结果可为橡胶颗粒沥青混合料抗剥落性能的改进提供一定的理论依据。     

基于GIS的橡胶园信息管理系统的设计与实现

基于ArcEngine 10.0在Visual Studio 2015平台中设计和构建了云南农垦江城橡胶公司橡胶园信息管理系统。系统具备胶园基本情况查询、胶园生产管理、苗木管理、割胶管理、报表统计、橡胶树营养和胶园土壤养分空间查询分析和配方施肥自动决策等多种功能。