Metribuzin degradation in soil: II—effects of tillage

A 140-day laboratory incubation, using surface soil from a long-term soybean tillage study, evaluated tillage influence on [¹⁴C]metribuzin degradation. Higher plant residue conditions in no-tillage (NT) soil inhibited metribuzin mineralization to [¹⁴C]carbon dioxide as compared to metribuzin degradation patterns observed in conventional tillage (CT) soil. At 140 days, relative abundance of extractable ¹⁴C components in NT included polar metabolites > metribuzin = deaminated metribuzin (DA) = deaminated diketometribuzin (DADK), while in CT, components included metribuzin > polar metabolites > DADK?DA. Conditions in NT apparently inhibited polar ¹⁴C degradation, and resulted in its accumulation, while in CT polar ¹⁴C degradation proceeded relatively rapidly. For both NT and CT, more ¹⁴ C was measured in an unextractable fraction than in any other fraction. A greater portion of the unextractable fraction in NT was associated with decomposed plant residue than in CT. Surface accumulation of crop residue, such as occurs under NT, provided a soil environment which altered metribuzin degradation patterns.     

Kinetics of linuron and metribuzin degradation in soil

The disappearance of linuron and metribuzin was studied during laboratory incubation of soil samples which had been taken from several depths at three sites, and treated with the pesticides. Temperature and water content of the soils were varied. There was a tendency for the rate of loss to be slower in soil taken from deeper horizons than in surface soil but the differences were not large. In only ten out of forty experiments did the value 1 for the apparent order of reaction fall within 95% confidence limits. In the remaining experiments the apparent reaction order was greater than 1 with eight values higher than 4. For one soil, the reaction order for linuron was markedly lower for incubation at 22°C compared with incubations at 10°C. The results could be explained on the basis that the systems were complex, involving consecutive or competing reactions. An alternative possibility is that the apparent complexities were artifacts brought about by the inherent limitations of the laboratory incubation system.     

Effects of microbial inhibitors on the degradation rates of metamitron,metazachlor and metribuzin in soil

Rates of carbon dioxide evolution and degradation rates of metamitron, metazachlor and metribuzin were measured in two soils in the presence of three microbial inhibitors. The nonselective microbial inhibitor sodium azide reduced both carbon dioxide evolution and the rate of loss of all three herbicides in both soils, although the reduction in degradation rate of metamitron was small. The antibacterial antibiotic novobiocin enhanced carbon dioxide evolution from both soils but had variable effects on the rates of herbicide degradation. It inhibited degradation of metazachlor and metribuzin, and in one of the soils its effects on metazachlor degradation were similar to those of sodium azide. Novobiocin inhibited degradation of metamitron to a small extent in one soil only. The antifungal antibiotic cycloheximide also enhanced carbon dioxide evolution from both soils. In general, its effects on herbicide degradation were similar to those of novobiocin, although the extent of inhibition was usually less pronounced. The results are discussed in terms of the relative involvement of microorganisms in degradation of the three herbicides.     

Field degradation of the herbicide metribuzin and its degradation products in a Manitoba sandy loam soil*

The degradation of the herbicide metribuzin (4-amino-6 r-butyl-3-(methylthio)-1, 2, 4-tnazin-5-(4H)one) applied at 1 and 2 kg/ha at times equivalent to pre-emergence (12 June), post-emergence (5 July), and pre-harvest (15 August), has been investigated in Almasippi very line sandy loam at Carman, Manitoba. Gas-liquid chromatographic analytical results showed that metribuzin degraded during the growing season, and that residue levels immediately prior to freeze-up (25 October) were in general less than 10% of applied metribuzin independent of application date, and were largely unchanged the following spring. The metabolites and photoproduct of metribuzin were present in maximum amounts near 13 July for the first two treatment dates, a time closely following maximum soil temperature readings, and these compounds in turn degraded almost completely by freeze-up. The following spring only very low levels were detected. Under the conditions described, metribuzin and its degradation products degraded to low levels and should not provide a carryover problem the next growing season.     

Cold storage degradation of the herbicide metribuzin in field soil samples awaiting analysis

In conjunction with a study of herbicide degradation in the field, metribuzin (4-amino-6-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methylthio-l,2,4-triazin-5-one) was shown to be degraded at-37±5°C in soil samples awaiting analysis. Products of this degradation process include the known derivatives DADK (6-tert-butyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-l,2,4-triazine-3,5-dione) and DK (4-amino-6-tert-butyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-l,2,4-triazine-3,5-dione) and these products themselves have been shown to be degraded further under the same storage conditions. Loss of the herbicide can be approximated using half order kinetics with respect to metribuzin; however, loss of both previously identified metabolites is most rapid when metabolite concentrations are highest. Assuming half order kinetics, samples of Almasippi very fine sandy loam containing metribuzin (0.5 mg/kg) can be expected to lose 50% of the herbicide in 282 days at - 37°, a period which is short enough to affect residue analysis results significantly should samples be stored for extended lengths of time prior to analysis. Implied in these results is the desirability of immediate analysis following collection of samples; otherwise rates of loss during storage must be determined to allow adjustment of results to compensate for residue losses in samples awaiting analysis.     

Phytotoxicity and detoxification of metribuzin in dark-grown suspension cultures of soybean

Differential resistance of soybean to metribuzin (4-amino-6-t-butyl 3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one) was demonstrated in cell suspensions from resistant and susceptible cultivars. Whereas the herbicide had been reported to inhibit photosynthesis, the observations on achlorophyllous, dark-grown cultures indicated that phytotoxicity was not restricted to photosynthesis. The sites of light-independent herbicide activity were not identified, but the presence of these sites was demonstrated in both the herbicide-susceptible and herbicide-resistant cells. The mechanism to protect these sites was present in all cultures. The mechanism, enzymatic detoxification of the herbicide, was inoperative in the susceptible cultures due to accumulation of a substance which inhibited the enzyme. Resistant cultures metabolized that substance to an ineffectual form. Metribuzin selectivity was therefore determined according to the accessibility of the inhibitor to the enzyme responsible for resistance.     

Alternate pathways of metribuzin metabolism in soybean: Formation of N-glucoside and homoglutathione conjugates

Metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] metabolism was studied in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. Tracy]. Pulse treatment studies with seedlings and excised mature leaves showed that [5-¹⁴C]metribuzin was absorbed rapidly and translocated acropetally. In seedlings, >97% of the root-absorbed ¹⁴C was present in foliar tissues after 24 hr. In excised leaves, 50–60% of the absorbed ¹⁴C remained as metribuzin 48 hr after pulse treatment, 12–20% was present as polar metabolites, and 20–30% was present as an insoluble residue. Metabolites were isolated by solvent partitioning, and were purified by adsorption, ion-exchange, thin-layer, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The major metabolite (I) was identified as a homoglutathione conjugate, 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-S-(γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-β-alanine)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one. Metabolite identification was confirmed by qualitative analysis of amino acid hydrolysis products, fast atom bombardment (FAB), and chemical ionization (CI) mass spectrometry, and by comparison with a reference glutathione conjugate synthesized in vitro with a hepatic microsomal oxidase system from rat. Minor metabolites were identified as an intermediate N-glucoside conjugate (II), a malonyl N-glucoside conjugate (III), and 4-malonylamido-6-tert-butyl-1,2,4-triazin-3,5(2H,4H)-dione (N-malonyl DK, IV) by CI and FAB mass spectrometry. Alternative pathways of metribuzin metabolism are proposed.     

Phytotoxic persistence and microbiological effects of metribuzin in different soils

The phytotoxic persistence and movement of metribuzin were studied by means of bioassays in sandy, clay and organic soils in Finland. The effects of metribuzin residues on soil micro-organisms were determined by assessment of nitrification and dehydrogenase activities. The phytotoxicity of metribuzin 0.7 kg a.i. ha^?1 persisted in the surface layer of 0–5 cm for one growing season in sandy and clay soils, but only for some weeks in organic soils. A double dose may cause phytotoxic effects on other crops during the next growing season. Phytotoxic residues were seldom detected below the 5 cm layer, although chemical analyses have revealed residues down to 25 cm in all soil types. Growth stimulation in the test plants was observed generally in the 5–25-cm layers of sandy and clay soils from the first to the second autumn after treatment. Inhibitory or stimulatory effects on microbial activity were found up to the second autumn in sandy and clay soils. At least the inhibition of nitrification in clay during the first autumn and the next spring would be critical. Persistance d'activité et effets microbiologiques de la metribuzine dans differents sols La persistance d'activité et le mouvement de la métribuzine ont étéétudiés dans des essais bio-logiques dans des sols sableux, argileux et organiques de Finlande; Les effets des résidus de métribuzine sur les microorganismes du sol ont été déterminés par l'évaluation de la nitrification et de l'activité de la deshydrogenase. L'activité de la métribuzine à 0,7 kg m.a. h^?1 a persisté dans la couche superficielle (0,5 cm) pendant une saison de croissance dans les sols sableux et argileux, mais seulement pendant quelques semaines dans les sols organiques. Une double dose peut causer des effets phytotoxiques sur d'autres cultures, la saison suivante. Des residus phytotoxiques ont été rarement détectés en dessous de 5 cm, bien que des analyses chimiques aient décelé généralement dans les couches 5–25 cm des sols sableux et argileux à partir du premier jusqu'au second automne après le traitement. Les effets inhibiteurs ou stimulant de l'activité microbiologique ont été trouvé jusqu'au 2éme automne dans les sols sableux et argileux. Au moins l'inhibition de la nitrification dans l'argile durant le premier automne et le printemps suivant serait critique. Die Persistenz der biologischen Aktivität und mikrobiologische Wirkungen von Metribuzin in verschiedenen Böden Die Inaktivierungszeiten und die Einwaschung von Metribuzin wurden mittels Biotests in Sand-, Ton- oder Humusböden untersucht. Der Einfluß von Metribuzin-Rückständen wurde durch Bes-timmung der Nitrifizierungsraten und der Dehy-drogenaseaktivität erfaßt. Die Phytotoxizitätvon 0,7 kg Metribuzin ha^?1 war in der obersten Bodenschicht von 0 bis 5 cm in Sand- und Tonböden über eine Vegetationsperiode, in Humusböden nur einige Wochen nachweisbar. Es wird unterstellt, daβ der doppelte Aufwand bei Nachbaukulturen zu phytotoxischen Schäden führt. Unterhalb 5 cm wurden kaum phytotoxische Schäden festgestellt, obwohl Rückstandsanalysen Gehalte bis in Tiefen von 25 cm in allen Bodenarten nachweisen lieβen. Biotests mit Bodenproben aus 5 bis 25 cm Tiefe zeigten in allen Fällen in Sand-sowie Tonböden im ersten und folgenden Herbst nach der Behandlung eine Stimulation des Wachstums der Testpflanzen. Ebenso konnten in diesen Proben sowohl hemmende als auch stimulierende Effekte auf die untersuchten microbiologischen Parameter festgestellt werden, wobei eine Hemmung der Nitrifikation in Tonböden zu mindest im ersten Herbst und folgenden Frühjahr als kritisch angesehen wurde.     

The kinetics of linuron and metribuzin decomposition in soil using different laboratory systems

Rales of linuron and metrihuzin breakdown in soil were studied in four laboratory systems: fresh soil incubated in polyethylene bags; air-dry soil resetted and incubated in polyethylene bags; complete soil cores; a perfusion apparatus. The apparent order of reaction. estimated using a power rate equation, varied from 0.45 to 2.90 and was not consistent with respect either to the compounds or the incubation methods. It is possible that diffusion controlled processes may be involved in producing this variation. The results of six of the eight experiments could be fitted to the first order rate equation (P= 0.01). When the first order model was statistically valid, half-life times were within 50% of the time for 50% disappearance calculated wiih the power rate expression but there were differences up to five-fold in the times for 90% disappearance, calculated by the two methods. It is suggested that decomposition experiments giving orders of reaction greater than I require verification in more than one experimental system     

The degradation of methazole in soil. I. Effects of soil type,soil temperature and soil moisture content

[¹⁴C]-Labelled methazole was incubated in six soils at 25°C and with soil moisture at field capacity. Under these conditions, methazole was unstable, the concentration declined following first-order kinetics with half-life values in the soils ranging from 2.3 to 5.0 days. The main degradation product was 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-methylurea (DCPMU) which was more stable than the parent compound. After about 160 days, DCPMU accounted for 30 to 45% of the initial methazole concentration. Degradation of methazole and DCPMU was affected by soil temperature and moisture content. With methazole, half-lives in one soil at field capacity moisture content and temperatures of 25, 15 and 5°C were 3.5, 8.7 and 31.1 days respectively. The half-life at 25°C was increased to 5.0 days at 50% of field capacity and 9.6 days at 25% of field capacity. A proportion of the initial radioactivity added to the soil could not be extracted and this proportion increased with time. After 160 days this unextractable radioactivity accounted for up to 70% of the amount applied.     

Influence of application rate and manure amendment on cnloridazon dissipation in the soil

Plots of a sugar beet field in Belgium were treated pre-emergence with 1.3, 1.95 or 2.6 kg a.i. ha^-1 chloridazon. Some of these plots had been amended 1 month before sowing with 50 1 ha^-1 cow manure. Soil samples were taken al regular intervals and analysed by gas-liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. During the first month following chloridazon application, soil dissipation followed apparent first-order kinetics with soil half-lives being independent of the dose, and were 37 days in the non-manured plots and 96 days in the manured plots. After the first month, rates of chloridazon soil dissipation increased, giving the same residual chloridazon soil concentration of c. 0.25 mg a.i, kg^-1 in all plots 1.8 months after application. Residual levels remained at this concentration up to the third month after application, and then disappeared, leaving no delectable soil residues at harvest. Chloridazon soil dissipation thus occurred according to unusual kinetics.     

Metribuzin metabolism in tomato: Isolation and identification of N-glucoside conjugates

Metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] metabolism was studied in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. “Sheyenne”). Pulse-treatment studies with seedlings and excised leaves showed that [5-¹⁴C]metribuzin was rapidly absorbed, translocated (acropetal), and metabolized to more polar products. Foliar tissues of 19-day-old seedlings metabolized 96% of the root-absorbed [¹⁴C]metribuzin in 120 hr. Excised mature leaves metabolized 85–90% of the petiole-absorbed [¹⁴C]metrubuzin in 48 hr. Polar metabolites were isolated by solvent partitioning, and purified by adsorption, thin-layer, and high-performance liquid chromatography. A minor intermediate metabolite (I) was identified as the polar β-d-(N-glucoside) conjugate of metribuzin. The biosynthesis of (I) was demonstrated with a partially purified UDP-glucose: metribuzin N-glucosyltransferase from tomato leaves. A possible correlation between foliar UDP-glucose: metribuzin N-glucosyltransferase activity levels and differences in the tolerance of selected tomato seedling cultivars to metribuzin was suggested. The major polar metabolite (II) was identified as the malonyl β-d-(N-glucoside) conjugate of metribuzin.     

The degradation of aldicarb and oxamyl in soil

The breakdown of oxamyl was studied in three downland chalk soils, a peat loam, a sandy loam, and the same sandy loam modified by adding peat. The kinetics of aldicarb degradation via its sulphoxide and aldoxycarb (aldicarb sulphone) were also studied in these two sandy loam soils. All the reactions followed first-order kinetics, the reaction being faster in the original than in the modified sandy loam. Rates of reaction were slower at low moisture contents, and decreased markedly when the temperature was reduced from 10 to 5°C though less so than from 15 to 10°C.     

Effect of incorporation method and soil type on selectivity of metribuzin in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

In field experiments, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Hybrid 894) showed sufficient tolerance to metribuzin to permit use of this herbicide to control selectively several broad-leaved weeds, including wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.). Metribuzin, at rates up to 0.3 kg ai ha⁻¹, applied pre-emergence to sunflower and soil incorporated to a depth of 2.5 cm with a spike tooth harrow, did not injure sunflower plants growing in clay loam soil containing 5.3% O.M. A similar treatment injured sunflowers planted in a fine sandy loam soil with 4.5% O.M. Results from controlled-environment studies supported the field results. Metribuzin as a postplant, shallow incorporation treatment offers a practical method for the selective control of wild mustard and other broad-leaved weeds in sunflowers grown on clay loam soils. Effet de la méthode d'incorporation et du type de sol sur la sélectivité de la métribuzine chez le Tournesol (Helianthus annuus L.) Au cours d'essais au champ, la métribuzine a été suffisamment bien tolérée par le tournesol (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Hybrid 894) pour pouvoir être utilisée pour le contrôle sélectif de plusieurs dicotylédones, y compris la moutarde sauvage (Sinapis arvensis L.). La métribuzine, jusqu'à la dose de 0,3 kg ma ha⁻¹, appliquée en pré-levée et incorporée à la profondeur de 2,5 cm avec une herse à dents, n'a pas été phytotoxique pour le tournesol cultivé sur un sol limonoargileux contenant 5,3% de matière organique. Un traitement similaire s'est montré phytotoxique pour les tournesols dans un sol fin limonosableux avec 4,5% de matière organique. Les résultats d'études en conditions contrôlées concordent avec les observations au champ. La métribuzine administrée en traitement de postsemis à faible profondeur offre une possibilité pratique de contrôle sélectif de la moutarde sauvage et d'autres dicotylédones chez le tournesol cultivé sur les sols limono-argileux. Einfluss von Einarbeitungsmethode und Bodentyp auf die Selektivität von Metribuzin in Sonnenblumen (Helianthus annuus L.) In Feldversuchen zeigten Sonnenblumen (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Hybride 894) gegenûUber Metribuzin eine genügend höhe Toleranz, um den Einsatz dieses Herbizids zur selektiven Bekämpfung verschiedener breitblättriger Unkräuter, incl. Ackersenf (Sinapis arvensis L.), zu ermöglichen. In tonigem Lehm mit 5,3% organ. Substanz bewirkte Metribuzin in Dosierungen bis zu 0,3 kg ai ha⁻¹ preemergent in Bezug auf Sonnenblume appliziert und in eine Tiefe von 2,5 cm eingehackt, an der Kultur keine Schäden. In feinem sandigen Lehm mit 4,5% organ. Substanz wurden die Sonnenblumen durch eine ähnliche Behandlung geschädigt. Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen unter kontrollierten Umweltbedingungen bestätigten die Feldresultate. Metribuzin, nach der Aussaat flach eingearbeitet, ermöglicht auf tonigen Lehmböden eine selektive Bekämpfung von Ackersenf und anderen breitblättrigen Unkräutern.     

Enhanced degradation of iprodione and vinclozolin in soil

Residues of iprodione and vinclozolin were measured following repeated application of the fungicides to a sandy loam soil in the laboratory. There was a progressive increase in rates of degradation with successive treatments. With iprodione, for example, the times for 50% loss of the first and second applications were about 23 and 5 days respectively. When treated for the third time, less than 10% of the applied dose remained in the soil after just 2 days. Similar results were obtained with vinclozolin in the same soil, and with both compounds in a second soil. In a third soil, which had relatively low pH, degradation of both compounds occurred only slowly and the rate of degradation of a second application was the same as that of the first. Degradation rates in this soil were increased by addition of 100 g kg^?1 of a soil in which degradation occurred more readily, and they were markedly increased by addition of 100 g kg^?1 of a soil in which enhanced degradation had been previously induced. Residues of both fungicides were also measured following repeated application in the field. When iprodione was applied to previously untreated plots, about 3% of the initial dose remained in the soil after 77 days. When applied to plots treated once before, less than 1% remained after 18 days, and when applied to plots treated twice previously less than 1% remained after 10 days. Similar results were obtained with vinclozolin. Enhanced degradation of subsequent soil treatments was also observed following a sequence of low-dosage sprays in the field.     

The degradation of methazole in soil. II. Studies with methazole,methazole degradation products and diuron

[¹⁴C]-Labelled methazole, 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-methylurea (DCPMU), 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (DCPU), and diuron were incubated in soil at 20°C and field capacity soil moisture content. Decomposition followed first-order kinetics; half-lives for degradation of these four compounds were 2.4, 144, 30 and 108 days respectively. The amount of DCPMU and DCPU that could be extracted decreased with time and the decrease was accompanied by the generation of an equivalent amount of ¹⁴CO₂. This was not so in the studies with diuron and methazole, however, and the decrease in the concentrations of radioactivity extracted from soil treated with these compounds could not be entirely accounted for as carbon dioxide. It is concluded that the unextractable radiochemical that was present was DCPMU. Methazole appeared to be degraded through DCPMU to 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) with the production of only traces of DCPU.     

Movement of dieldrin through soils: II.—In sloping troughs and soil columns

A glass-lined trough was divided into six compartments by vertical transverse partitions and filled with soil to a height of 5 cm above the top of each partition. The base of the box and the surface of the soil sloped forwards one end with a gradient of 1 in 3·7. Dieldrin was applied (22 kg active ingredient/ha) to the soil surface in the uppermost compartment and the movement of dieldrin into leachate and down the slope was followed for 17 weeks. During this time 19·5 cm of rain fell. Less than 0·02% of the dieldrin appeared in the leachate and 99% of this was collected during the first 9 weeks, mainly from the uppermost compartment. Very little dieldrin moved down the slope and it was not detected in the leachate from compartments other than the treated one during 9–17 weeks after treatment. In other experiments, 3 cylinders were filled respectively with sandy loam, heavy clay loam and peat which were transferred from the field as intact cores. Three other cylinders were filled with soils of the same types but broken up. Approximately 2% of the dieldrin leached through one column but usually it was much less than 0·1%. The largest amounts of dieldrin were leached down columns of heavy clay loam, intermediate amounts down columns of peat, and least through sandy loam. Ten times as much dieldrin leached down the columns of intact soil as through those with broken soil. The results indicate that the movement of dieldrin from treated soil into water systems by leaching is limited and is unlikely to be a major pathway for the contamination of water.     

Comparison of sulfonylurea herbicide residue detection in soil by bioassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hplc

The ability of bioassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) methods to detect sulfonylurea herbicides in soil was evaluated as part of a project studying the leaching and persistence of these herbicides in the alkaline soils of south-eastern Australia. Soil samples with known concentrations between 0.1 and 10 μg a.i. kg⁻¹ chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl or triasulfuron were prepared by an independent laboratory and supplied in coded bags to separate laboratories for testing. The accuracy of the results was analysed, and the merits of each method are discussed. Bioassay was suitable for measuring biologically active residues from 0.1 to 1.0 μg a.i. kg⁻¹. ELISA accurately measured residues in the range of 0.1–10 μg a.i. kg⁻¹, making it the most widely adaptable assay tested. It will be useful for measuring residues in sodic subsoils where bioassay plants grow poorly. There was good reproducibility between the bioassay and ELISA. The hplc technique used in this study was not as accurate as bioassay or ELISA at quantifying residues of 3.0–10 μg a.i. kg⁻¹ and could not detect residues at or below 1.0 μg a.i. kg⁻¹.     

分子检测土壤中南美大豆猝死综合症病菌和北美大豆猝死综合症病菌

对南美大豆猝死综合症病菌（Fusarium tucumaniae）和北美大豆猝死综合症病菌（Fusarium virguliforme）rDNA基因间间隔区（IGS）进行分析,设计并筛选出3对特异性引物FT1/FT6、FT1/FT9和FV1/FV1A。分别利用FT1/FT6、FT1/FT9进行PCR反应,对F.tucumaniae分别扩增出250bp、656bp的特异性片段,而F.virguliforme、F.brasiliense、F.cuneirostrum和F.phaseoli等近似种均无特异性PCR产物出现。利用FV1/FV1A进行PCR反应,F.virguliforme出现228bp特异性PCR产物,而F.tucumaniae、F.brasiliense、F.cuneirostrum和F.phaseoli等近似种无特异性PCR产物。引物FT1/FT6、FV1/FV1A检测F.tucumaniae和F.virguliforme的最低DNA含量为1pg/μL,利用FT1/FT6和FT1/FT9对土壤中的病菌进行巢式PCR,能检测到接种量为每g土壤含100个大分生孢子的F.tucumaniae,FV1/FV1A能检测到接种量为每g土壤含1000个大分生孢子的F.virguliforme。