Response of vegetation to temperature and precipitation in Xinjiang during the period of 1998-2009

In this paper,10-day spatio-temporal response of vegetation to the change of temperature and precipitation in spring,summer,autumn and whole year during the period of 1998―2009 was analyzed based on the data of SPOT VEGETATION-NDVI and 10-day average temperature or precipitation from 54 meteorological stations in Xinjiang.The results show that the response of 10-day NDVI to temperature was more significant than that to precipitation,and the maximal response of vegetation to temperature and precipitation lagged for two 10-day periods.Seasonally,the effect of temperature and precipitation on vegetation NDVI was most marked in autumn,then in spring,and it was not significant in summer.The response of vegetation to 10-day change of meteorological factors was positive with a long affecting duration in spring,and it had a relatively short affecting duration in autumn and summer.Spatially,the 10-day maximal response of NDVI to temperature in northern Xinjiang was higher than that in southern Xinjiang.The correlation between the 10-day NDVI in whole year and the temperature in the 0-8th 10-day period was significantly higher than that between the annual NDVI and the annual temperature at all meteorological stations;the interannual change of NDVI was accordant well with the change of annual precipitation.However,the effect of precipitation within a year on NDVI was not strong.The results indicated that interannual change of temperature was not the dominant factor affecting the change of vegetation NDVI in Xinjiang,but the decrease of annual precipitation was the main factor resulting in the fluctuation of vegetation coverage.Ten-day average temperature was an important factor to promote vegetation growth in Xinjiang within a year,but the effect of precipitation on vegetation growth within a year was not strong.     

基于SPOT/NDVI华北地区植被变化动态监测与评价

利用1998-2011年SPOT NDVI数据反映华北地区植被覆盖变化情况,结合该地区土地覆盖数据以及1982-2011年84个气象站点的气温和降水数据,分别从时间和空间两个方面对其进行植被动态监测与评价,并简要分析其变化原因。结果表明:1)从时间上来看,华北地区NDVI在1998-2011年总体呈增长趋势,表明该地区植被覆盖情况整体上得到改善,其中,森林和农田NDVI增长最快;2)从空间上来看,华北地区地表植被覆盖得到改善的区域比退化区域面积要大,其中,森林和农田的恢复效果最为明显,而灌丛、草地、沙漠退化面积均超过改善面积,表明华北地区水土流失和荒漠化现象依然严峻;3)在华北地区气候长期趋于暖干化的背景下,华北植被变化与降水变化关系比与气温变化关系密切,表明植被覆盖变化受降水影响较大,此外,人类活动也是引起植被覆盖变化的重要驱动因子。     

基于MODIS/NDVI的塔里木河流域植被覆盖变化驱动因素相对作用分析

塔里木河流域是我国生态较为脆弱的地区,过去几十年不合理的开发,导致植被覆盖遭到严重破坏。2001年以后,随着"塔里木河流域近期综合治理项目"等系列生态工程的实施,流域环境得到初步改善,植被覆盖日益好转。利用2001—2013年逐旬MODIS/NDVI数据和气象数据,通过分离气候变化对塔里木河流域植被覆盖的影响,对气候变化和人类活动对植被覆盖变化的相对作用进行定量分析。研究表明:(1)2001—2013年塔里木河流域植被覆盖总体呈增长趋势;植被覆盖呈改善趋势的区域占流域总面积的28.02%,呈退化趋势的区域占10.99%,其他区域则基本不变。(2)采用相关分析与残差法分析了气候变化和人类活动对植被覆盖变化的影响,结果表明植被覆盖变化与气候因子显著相关;人类活动对植被覆盖变化起积极作用的面积占流域总面积的61.8%,起消极作用的占38.2%。(3)通过对植被覆盖变化驱动因素进行相对作用分析,可以得出在植被改善区和植被退化区,人类活动的作用相对于气候因素更大,是植被覆盖变化的主要驱动因素。     

近10 a来祁连山植被覆盖变化研究

NDVI作为植被生长状况及植被覆盖度的最佳指示因子,被认为是监测地区或全球植被和环境变化的最有效指标。基于2000-2011年250 m分辨率的MODIS NDVI数据并结合气候资料,采用最大值合成法、均值法、斜率分析法、相关分析法,研究祁连山生长季植被覆盖的时空变化及其与气候因子的相关性。结果表明：祁连山植被覆盖总体上自西向东递增,呈现东多西少的分布格局;植被覆盖变化存在明显的空间差异,表现为中西部植被覆盖增加,增加面积为79 149 km2,占祁连山总面积的52.93%;东部植被覆盖减少,减少面积为22 865 km2,占祁连山总面积的11.09%。近10 a来植被覆盖整体上呈增加趋势,生长季各月植被覆盖整体上呈增加趋势,全球气候变暖导致的降水增加是祁连山植被覆盖增加的主要原因。NDVI与气温、降水的相关性较高并存在一定的滞后性,6、7月NDVI分别与前期1月和前期2月的降水显著相关,相关系数分别为0.788和0.684;8、9月NDVI分别与当月、前期1月的气温极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.825和0.829。     

Spatial-temporal dynamics of desert vegetation and its responses to climatic variations over the last three decades:a case study of Hexi region in Northwest China

Analysis of spatial-temporal variations of desert vegetation under the background of climate changes can provide references for ecological restoration in arid and semi-arid areas.In this study,we used the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies(GIMMS)NDVI data from 1982 to 2006 and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)NDVI data from 2000 to 2013 to reveal the dynamics of desert vegetation in Hexi region of Northwest China over the past three decades.We also used the annual temperature and precipitation data acquired from the Chinese meteorological stations to analyze the response of desert vegetation to climatic variations.The average value of NDVImax(the maximum NDVI during the growing season)for desert vegetation in Hexi region increased at the rate of 0.65×10–3/a(P0.05)from 1982 to 2013,and the significant increases of NDVImax mainly appeared in the typical desert vegetation areas.Vegetation was significantly improved in the lower reaches of Shule and Shiyang river basins,and the weighted mean center of desert vegetation mainly shifted toward the lower reaches of the two basins.Almost 95.32% of the total desert vegetation area showed positive correlation between NDVImax and annual precipitation,indicating that precipitation is the key factor for desert vegetation growth in the entire study area.Moreover,the areas with non-significant positive correlation between NDVImax and annual precipitation mainly located in the lower reaches of Shiyang and Shule river basins,this may be due to human activities.Only 7.64% of the desert vegetation showed significant positive correlation between NDVImax and annual precipitation in the Shule River Basin(an extremely arid area),indicating that precipitation is not the most important factor for vegetation growth in this basin,and further studies are needed to investigate the mechanism for this phenomenon.     

Spatial and temporal variability in vegetation cover of Mongolia and its implications

In this paper, we attempted to determine the most stable or unstable regions of vegetation cover in Mongolia and their spatio-temporal dynamics using Terra/MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) dataset, which had a 250-m spatial resolution and comprised 6 periods of 16-day composited temporal resolution data(from 10 June to 13 September) for summer seasons from 2000 to 2012. We also used precipitation data as well as biomass data from 12 meteorological stations located in 4 largest natural zones of Mongolia. Our study showed that taiga and forest steppe zones had relatively stable vegetation cover because of forest characteristics and relatively high precipitation. The highest coefficient of variation(CV) of vegetation cover occurred frequently in the steppe and desert steppe zones, mainly depending on variation of precipitation. Our results showed that spatial and temporal variability in vegetation cover(NDVI or plant biomass) of Mongolia was highly dependent on the amount, distribution and CV of precipitation. This suggests that the lowest inter-annual CV of NDVI can occur during wet periods of growing season or in high precipitation regions, while the highest inter-annual CV of NDVI can occur during dry periods and in low precipitation regions. Although the desert zone received less precipitation than other natural zones of the country, it had relatively low variation compared to the steppe and desert steppe, which could be attributed to the very sparse vegetation in the desert.     

基于NOAA-NDVI的河南省冬小麦遥感估产

以河南省为研究区域,利用1982-2006年冬小麦生长关键期3-5月的NOAA-NDVI数据集,结合河南省18地市冬小麦产量数据,分析了研究区NDVI与冬小麦产量的时间动态变化特征,建立了基于NDVI的冬小麦产量估算模型,并对模型进行了验证与比较。结果表明:自1982-2006年,研究区冬小麦生长关键期的NDVI和小麦产量均表现出显著增长态势;利用3月、4月、5月NDVI分别建立的冬小麦产量线性预测模型相对误差均较小,分别为-7.56%、-6.10%、-2.63%;利用不同月份组合的NDVI累积和分别建立的冬小麦产量预测模型相对误差较小,平均误差为-5.08%;利用多个月份组合的NDVI分别建立的多元线性回归模型,虽然综合考虑了冬小麦生长期,但估测精度却低于基于单月NDVI和NDVI累积所建立的模型精度。通过误差对比分析后发现,利用5月NDVI建立的冬小麦估产模型误差最小。     

榆林地区植被指数动态变化及其对气候和人类活动的响应

榆林地区是中国典型生态脆弱区,植被生态系统对气候变化和人类活动影响较为敏感。以榆林地区2000—2015年MODIS NDVI为基础,结合气温、降水数据,利用线性趋势法、相关系数、偏相关系数及缓冲区方法,分析了区域NDVI(归一化差异植被指数)动态变化及其对气候和人类活动的响应,结果表明:(1)榆林地区总体上NDVI较小,植被覆盖水平较低。2000—2015年NDVI以每年0.009 6的线性速率递增,空间上主要表现出线性增加趋势,占总面积的97.06%,减少趋势面积较小且主要与人类活动有关,分布在区域西南部山区、城镇附近及中、东部的河流谷地。(2)相关分析表明,榆林地区NDVI与气温以负相关为主,而与降水以正相关为主,反映出干旱、半干旱地区水分是植物生长的主导因子。(3)NDVI变化过程反映出人类活动范围中,市级行政中心缓冲区人类活动强度高于县级行政中心缓冲区。市级行政中心缓冲区范围可划分为5 km以内受人类活动剧烈影响区域、5~9km受人类活动影响递减区域和9 km以外未受人类活动影响区域。     

基于SPOT VEGETATION数据的榆林地区土地覆盖变化研究

榆林地区位于我国农牧交错带,能源富集区,生态环境脆弱。建国以来的土地整治工作取得显著成效。本文利用1998-2004年SPOT VEGETATION NDVI分析了榆林地区植被变化情况。并且利用多年气象数据分析了降水和温度变化情况。结果表明榆林地区植被状况有明显改善,改善集中于8、9、10月份。而且植被覆盖变化具有明显的区域差异,北部植被覆盖改善趋势明显,且变化平稳;南部增加趋势不明显,有的地方还呈下降趋势,变化幅度大。     

近10年甘南牧区草地净初级生产力变化研究

以改进的CASA模型为基础,结合MODIS NDVI数据、气象资料,估算了甘南牧区草地2000、2005、2008年牧草生长旺季7月净初级生产力,并分析了其时空动态.结果显示:(1)甘南牧区草地净初级生产力(NPP)的空间分布基本格局是西南偏西和东北两区域最低,然后由西南-东北方向为轴心逐渐向内陆中心部分递增,该分布规...     

基于TM影像的草原沙漠化植被盖度分析研究

植被盖度是草原沙漠化评价的重要指标,以TM影像为数据源,结合地面调查数据和对应点的NDVI值,建立了植被指数与植被盖度间的回归模型,利用该模型生成植被盖度分布图;同时利用前人的植被盖度计算经验公式,生成同一区域的植被盖度分布图,并分别对其植被盖度数据进行分级。对比分级结果,发现:通过大量的地面调查数据建立的盖度分析模型分类精度较高,总精度达到85.42%,而通过经验公式计算,效果相对较差,其分类精度仅有75.00%。     

诺敏河流域植被覆盖时空演变及其与径流的关系研究

基于GIMMS/NDVI数据对诺敏河流域1982-2006年间植被覆盖的时空演变特征进行了研究,并结合SCS模型模拟地表径流,在流域和像元尺度分析植被NDVI变化与径流的关系。研究表明:诺敏河流域植被NDVI值较高,但25a间整体呈下降趋势,NDVI减少的区域占总面积的82.5%,植被覆盖有所降低;NDVI空间差异明显,NDVI的高值区主要分布在中上游林区,而耕地分布较多的下游地区NDVI值相对较低。流域尺度上植被NDVI与径流不具有明显的相关性。但从像元尺度来看,植被NDVI和径流的正相关和负相关共存,流域不同空间位置的植被变化与径流的关系并不一致。     

Monitoring the impact of climate change andhuman activities on grassland vegetation dynamics in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateauof China during 2000-2015

Climate change and human activities can influence vegetation net primary productivity (NPP), a key component of natural ecosystems. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, in spite of its significant natural and cultural values, is one of the most susceptible regions to climate change and human disturbancesin the world. To assess the impact of climate change and human activities on vegetation dynamics in the grassland ecosystems ofthe northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we applied a time-series trend analysis to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) datasets from 2000 to 2015 and compared these spatiotemporal variations with trends in climatic variables over the same time period. The constrained ordination approach (redundancy analysis) was used to determine which climatic variables or human-related factors mostly in?uenced the variation of NDVI. Furthermore, in order to determine whether current conservation measures and programs are effectivein ecological protection and reconstruction, we divided the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau into two parts: the Three-River Headwater conservation area (TRH zone) in the south and the non-conservation area (NTRH zone) in the north. The results indicatedan overall (73.32%)increasing trend of vegetation NPP in grasslands throughout the study area. During the period 2000-2015, NDVI in the TRH and NTRH zones increased at the rates of 0.0015/aand 0.0020/a, respectively.Specifically, precipitation accounted for 9.2% of the total variation in NDVI, while temperature accounted for 13.4%. In addition, variation in vegetation NPP of grasslands responded not only to long- and short-term changes in climate, as conceptualized in non-equilibrium theory, but also to the impact of human activities and their associated perturbations. The redundancy analysis successfully separated the relative contributions of climate change and human activities, of whichvillage populationand agricultural gross domestic product were the two most important contributors to the NDVI changes, explaining 17.8% and 17.1% of the total variationof NDVI (with the total contribution >30.0%), respectively. The total contributionpercentages of climate change and human activitiesto the NDVI variation were27.5% and 34.9%, respectively, inthe northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Finally, our study shows that the grassland restoration in the study area was enhanced by protection measures and programs in the TRH zone, which explained 7.6% of the total variation in NDVI.     

基于Sentinel-2影像的河套灌区作物种植结构提取

作物识别是提取作物种植结构的基础,利用遥感技术对作物进行监测识别,对优化生产布局、调整农业生产模式有着重要意义。文中选取河套灌区杭锦后旗为研究区域,基于2019年覆盖生长周期的Sentinel-2号卫星影像数据,构建NDVI时间序列数据集,利用Savitzky-Golay(S-G)滤波对NDVI时间序列数据集进行平滑,分析不同作物不同发育期的光谱曲线特征,计算各主要作物识别关键期的光谱阈值,构建基于决策树分层分类的农作物种植面积提取模型,并用验证样本对分类结果进行精度验证。结果表明:利用整个生育期内的NDVI最大合成影像确定植被地表覆盖,NDVI曲线变化区别林地与耕地,逐层提取地物,简便易行;采用S-G滤波重构高质量的NDVI时间序列曲线,研究证明重构后曲线更加平滑符合作物生长趋势;基于Sentinel-2号遥感数据和整个生育期NDVI时序数据,构建分层分类决策树模型,作物分类总体精度达92.1%,Kapppa系数精度达0.857。本研究采用的方法满足遥感观测应用化需求,也为县级区域农作物分类提供重要参考价值。     

1982—2015年中国北方生长季NDVI变化及其对气温极值的响应

基于GIMMS NDVI 3g v1. 0数据集和日值气象数据,结合极端气温指数,辅以极点对称模态分解、趋势分析、Mann-Kendall趋势检验、相关分析等方法,探讨中国北方生长季植被覆盖及极端气温的变化特征,研究植被覆盖对气温极值的响应状况。结果表明:①1982-2015年中国北方生长季NDVI以0. 002·(10a)^-1的速率上升(P <0. 05),ESMD(极点对称模态分解方法)显示生长季NDVI波动上升;针叶林、灌丛、荒漠植被、草地以及栽培植被呈增长趋势,栽培植被增速最快,针阔混交林、落叶阔叶林和高山植被呈不显著减少趋势。②空间上,NDVI显著增加区域超过全区的33%,主要分布在天山、塔里木盆地北部、祁连山、陇南山区、黄土高原、河套平原、吕梁山和太行山、大别山以及辽西丘陵地区;显著下降区域仅占12%,主要分布在大兴安岭、小兴安岭和长白山区。③极端气温指数中,除TNmean(日最低气温平均值)和TNn(日最低气温极低值)呈上升趋势外,其余冷极值指数均呈下降趋势;所有暖极值指数均呈上升趋势;其他指数中,DTR(气温日较差)呈减小趋势,GSL(生长季日数)呈增加趋势。④中国北方NDVI与极端气温指数的相关性表明,冷极值指数中NDVI与FD0(霜冻日数)、TN10p(冷夜日数)、TX10p(冷昼日数)呈显著负相关(P <0.05),与TNmean呈显著正相关(P <0.01);NDVI与所有暖极值指数呈正相关,与TR20(热夜日数)、TXmean(日最高气温平均值)、TX90p(暖昼日数)以及TN90p(暖夜日数)存在显著相关性(P <0. 05);NDVI与GSL呈显著正相关(P <0.05)。⑤天山、塔里木盆地北缘、祁连山区、河套平原、黄土高原、太行山和吕梁山区等NDVI显著增加区域对极端气温指数的响应强烈。NDVI显著增加区主要对FD0、TNmean、TN90p、GSL等指数响应较强。NDVI显著减少区域对指数的响应各异,主要与SU25(夏季日数)呈显著负相关(P <0.05)。     

1982—2015年中国北方生长季NDVI变化及其对气温极值的响应

基于GIMMS NDVI 3g v1.0数据集和日值气象数据，结合极端气温指数，辅以极点对称模态分解、趋势分析、Mann-Kendall趋势检验、相关分析等方法，探讨中国北方生长季植被覆盖及极端气温的变化特征，研究植被覆盖对气温极值的响应状况。结果表明：① 1982—2015年中国北方生长季NDVI以0.002·（10a）^-1的速率上升（P<0.05），ESMD（极点对称模态分解方法）显示生长季NDVI波动上升；针叶林、灌丛、荒漠植被、草地以及栽培植被呈增长趋势，栽培植被增速最快，针阔混交林、落叶阔叶林和高山植被呈不显著减少趋势。② 空间上，NDVI显著增加区域超过全区的33%，主要分布在天山、塔里木盆地北部、祁连山、陇南山区、黄土高原、河套平原、吕梁山和太行山、大别山以及辽西丘陵地区；显著下降区域仅占12%，主要分布在大兴安岭、小兴安岭和长白山区。③ 极端气温指数中，除TNmean（日最低气温平均值）和TNn（日最低气温极低值）呈上升趋势外，其余冷极值指数均呈下降趋势；所有暖极值指数均呈上升趋势；其他指数中，DTR（气温日较差）呈减小趋势，GSL（生长季日数）呈增加趋势。④ 中国北方NDVI与极端气温指数的相关性表明，冷极值指数中NDVI与FD0（霜冻日数）、TN10p（冷夜日数）、TX10p（冷昼日数）呈显著负相关（P＜0.05），与TNmean呈显著正相关（P＜0.01）；NDVI与所有暖极值指数呈正相关，与TR20（热夜日数）、TXmean（日最高气温平均值）、TX90p（暖昼日数）以及TN90p（暖夜日数）存在显著相关性（P＜0.05）；NDVI与GSL呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。⑤ 天山、塔里木盆地北缘、祁连山区、河套平原、黄土高原、太行山和吕梁山区等NDVI显著增加区域对极端气温指数的响应强烈。NDVI显著增加区主要对FD0、TNmean、TN90p、GSL等指数响应较强。NDVI显著减少区域对指数的响应各异，主要与SU25（夏季日数）呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）。     

气候变化和人类活动对蒙古高原植被覆盖变化的影响

基于全球监测与模型研究组（GIMMS）归一化植被指数(NDVI),对蒙古高原地区1981-2006年植被覆盖的时空变化进行了研究,并从气候变化和人类活动的角度,分析了植被覆盖变化的原因。1981-2006年蒙古高原的植被覆盖时空分布具有明显的地带性特征,森林区及荒漠区植被覆盖呈现小幅下降趋势,草原区呈现上升趋势,蒙古高原NDVI分布从东北向西南、从高原南北边缘地带向中心地带呈明显的规律性变化：高原东北部的大兴安岭地区NDVI最高,蒙古国北部的杭爱山脉次之,西南部荒漠区的NDVI最低。研究表明: 植被覆盖变化是气候变化和人类活动共同作用的结果,蒙古高原地区的降水变化是植被覆盖变化的重要原因,森林砍伐、河套耕作及城镇化等人类活动则是导致具有相似气候条件的内蒙古与蒙古国植被覆盖变化区域差异的原因。     

准噶尔盆地地表反照率时空变化特征及其影响因素分析

地表反照率变化影响地表辐射收支与能量平衡,从而对区域和全球气候产生影响.以准噶尔盆地为研究对象,利用MODIS卫星遥感数据产品MOD09A1反演地表短波反照率,结合气象数据和植被指数分析准噶尔盆地2001—2018年荒漠草地地表反照率时空变化特征及其影响因素.结果表明:准噶尔盆地地表反照率空间分布地域差异明显,地表反照...     

基于MODIS NDVI时间序列的植被覆盖空间自相关分析——以山东半岛与辽东半岛区域比较研究

文中应用2000～2011年期间的MODIS NDVI数据对比了山东半岛和辽东半岛植被覆盖的时间变化以及空间自相关特征。结果表明:山东半岛和辽东半岛植被覆盖状况均较好,其中辽东半岛植被覆盖相对更好;2000～2011年间两个半岛NDVI均呈显著上升趋势,山东半岛的上升趋势更明显。两半岛NDVI的全局Moran's I分别为0.896和0.778,均表现为正的全局空间自相关,植被覆盖均呈空间集聚状态,且山东半岛植被覆盖的集聚特征更突出。局部空间自相关上,山东半岛大部分地区,辽东半岛千山山脉以东和辽河流域的ND-VI表现为高-高自相关,这些区域植被覆盖较好;而山东半岛西北部的黄河三角洲湿地区域以及莱州湾,辽东半岛千山山脉以西和半岛南端大连市的NDVI呈低值区集聚状态,植被覆盖较差。总的来说,该研究有助于了解山东半岛和辽东半岛植被覆盖的空间聚集规律和关联模式,从而为认识研究区植被覆盖状况以及生态保护提供依据。     

1982-2006年华北植被指数时空变化特征

利用1982-2006年GIMMS/NDVI数据,研究华北近25 a来植被指数在时间和空间上的变化。结果表明:①植被指数的年内变化呈单峰型,最大值出现在夏季,其中北京市NDVI最大,森林NDVI比农田和草地NDVI大;②华北年平均NDVI呈增加趋势,河北省植被指数增加最快,北京市次之,不同土地覆盖类型中,农田NDVI增加最快,草地次之,森林最小;③空间趋势分析结果显示,华北植被指数改善的面积占整个地区面积的15.96%,退化面积占11.86%,其中,河北省改善面积最大,内蒙古退化较明显,不同土地覆盖类型中,农田植被改善最明显;④基于华北近年暖干化发展趋势下,人类活动对该区域NDVI变化起到了重要作用。