γ-氨基丁酸对鲫鱼急性低温应激后血液生化指标的影响

为探讨γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对鲫鱼急性低温应激后皮质醇激素等血清生化指标的影响,将150条鲫鱼随机分为5组,A、B组分别为空白对照组、试验对照组,C、D、E组分别在水中添加GABA25,50,100 mg/L,每组3个重复,低温应激0,0.5,2,4 h后尾静脉采血,分离血清,测定皮质醇含量和血清生化指标。结果表明:急性低温应激使鲫鱼血清中皮质醇含量及生化指标多数表现为先上升后下降的趋势,添加GABA对总胆固醇、碱性磷酸酶、胆碱酯酶、乳酸脱氢酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、葡萄糖等含量无显著影响(P0.05);GABA可以有效地缓解皮质醇和三酰甘油含量的升高(P0.05),从而具有一定的抗冷应激作用。     

黄曲霉毒素B_1中毒对犬血液生化指标的影响

为客观、定量了解黄曲霉毒素B1中毒前后犬血液生化指标的变化,本研究采用全自动生化分析仪分别测定30头犬黄曲霉毒素B1中毒前后血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、胆碱酯酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素、总蛋白和白蛋白7项生化指标。结果表明,中毒后血清中总胆红素、直接胆红素、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶浓度升高,总蛋白、白蛋白、胆碱酯酶浓度降低,各项指标中毒前后差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

试验性甲砜霉素中毒对肉鸡血液生化指标的影响

选用4日龄AA+肉鸡304只,随机分为4组,分别在饲料中添加0mg/kg(对照组)、500mg/kg(Ⅰ组)、1000mg/kg(Ⅱ组)、1500mg/kg(Ⅲ组)的甲砜霉素。试验期8周。分别在第14、28、42、56天测定肉鸡红细胞数量(RBC)、血红蛋白含量(Hb)、血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Crea)和血清铁(Fe)含量。结果显示,肉鸡持续采食甲砜霉素后红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量显著降低(P0.05);血清总蛋白和白蛋白随着试验进程先升高后降低(P0.05);谷草转氨酶活性显著降低(P0.05);肌酐和尿素氮极显著升高(P0.01);血清铁显著升高(P0.05)。结果表明,甲砜霉素对肉鸡的上述血液指标影响明显,并且存在明显的剂量效应关系。     

新型鸭肝炎病毒感染雏鸭血液生化指标的动态变化

用新型鸭肝炎病毒人工感染9日龄健康樱桃谷雏鸭。对感染雏鸭的临床症状、病理变化进行观察。并测定了感染雏鸭在接种后12、24、48、96、168h和14d时血糖、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶等13项血液生化指标。结果表明：血清葡萄糖含量（Glu）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、球蛋白（GLB）均降低。仅总蛋白在接毒后24h有一过性升高；血清谷草转氨酶（AST／GOT）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT／GPT）的活性升高；胆碱酯酶（CHE）仅在接毒后12h明显升高。碱性磷酸酶（ALP）在接毒后12、24和96h表现出明显变化，其中接毒后12h和96h呈降低状态。接毒后24h升高。血清尿酸（UA）的浓度在接毒后168h降至最低值。以后便恢复正常。血清肌酐（CRE）的含量在接毒后12h降低。随后在24h升高。其他时间无变化。血清钙（Ca）、磷（P）变化无明显规律。血清α-淀粉酶（α-Amylase）活性在整个试验期间无明显变化。说明新型鸭肝炎病毒感染雏鸭血清葡萄糖、总蛋白、白蛋白含量和谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性的变化规律与患1型鸭肝炎雏鸭的变化规律相一致。     

高温环境对通城猪血清生化指标及空肠组织HSP70与HSP90 mRNA表达的影响

试验旨在研究热应激对通城猪血清生化指标及空肠组织热休克蛋白HSP70、HSP90 mRNA表达的影响。选取遗传背景相似、100日龄、体重(45±5)kg的通城猪30头,随机分为6组,每组5头,分别为对照组和热应激2、4、6、8、10 d(每天09:00—16:00)处理组。(28±1)℃下适应性饲养7 d,于第8天开始,对照组仍置于(28±1)℃条件下,处理组迅速升温至(38±1)℃,各组每天测定直肠温度、体表温度和呼吸频率,到相应天数屠宰采集样品,进行血清生化指标测定和空肠组织热应激蛋白HSP70、HSP90 mRNA表达水平检测。结果表明:热应激期间,每天14:00通城猪直肠温度和呼吸频率变化最明显,但表皮温度无显著变化;与对照组相比,热应激使血清总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白浓度显著降低,第4天达最低值,血清谷草转氨酶浓度在第4天和第10天显著降低,在第8天显著升高,血清碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶浓度随热应激处理时间显著升高,第4天达峰值;空肠组织HSP70、HSP90 mRNA表达水平呈先升高后降低的趋势并分别在第4天达到峰值(P<0.05)。结果提示,热应激会使通城猪体温...     

大豆生炒饲喂兔子的血液生化指标值的比较分析

本文研究了用生炒大豆饲有兔后血液生化指标的变化情况。结果表明，生大豆饲喂家兔后血液指标有显著变化，血清总蛋白、球蛋白、谷丙转所酶、谷草转氨酶显著高于健康对照组，生大豆饲喂家兔后表现出明显腹泻、胰腺、肝脏明显肿大。这些差异与生大豆中大量抗营养因子的作用有关。     

运输时间对高温高湿环境条件下家兔血液成分变化的影响

本试验旨在评估运输时间对高温高湿环境下家兔血清生化指标和血液学指标的影响。试验选择平均活体重为(2.04±0.23)kg的肉兔630只,按照体重一致原则平均分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复35只。在相同的高温高湿(30℃,76%相对湿度)环境下饲养,对照组肉兔不进行转运,采血后测定相关指标,T1和T2组分别在运输1和3 h后进行采血测定相关指标。结果 :除乳酸脱氢酶活性外,血清葡萄糖、乳酸盐、总蛋白、钙、尿素含量及肌酸激酶、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性均随运输时间的延长而显著升高(P 0.05),而运输3 h后血清乳酸脱氢酶活性较对照组显著提高1.23%(P 0.05)。血液中白细胞、红细胞、血细胞压积、血细胞比容和血红蛋白浓度随运输时间的延长显著升高(P 0.05)。随着运输时间的延长,血液淋巴细胞数量表现为显著降低(P 0.05),其中运输1和3 h后较对照组血液淋巴细胞数量分别显著降低48.89%和56.27%(P 0.05),而运输3 h后较运输1 h后血液淋巴细胞数量显著降低14.42%(P 0.05)。结论 :在高温高湿条件下,无论时间长短,肉兔在运输过程中均出现热应激,表现为高血糖、高血钙和高血乳酸症,同时血液淋巴细胞减少、脱水和血清酶活性升高。     

发酵中药对热应激817肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在研究发酵中药对热应激肉鸡生产性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化功能的影响。选取200只健康的15日龄817肉鸡，随机分为4组，每组5个重复，每个重复10只鸡。对照组和热应激组饲喂基础饲粮，2个试验组分别在基础饲粮基础上添加1%中药和1%发酵中药。预试期7 d，正试期18 d。正试期内，对照组肉鸡在舍温（26±1）℃、相对湿度55%～60%条件下饲养；热应激组、中药组和发酵中药组均进行热应激处理，3组环境温度（32±2）℃、相对湿度55%～60%。结果表明：试验期内，热应激组肉鸡的平均采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）显著低于对照组，耗料增重比（F/G）显著高于对照组，1%发酵中药组肉鸡ADFI、ADG显著高于热应激组，1%中药组、1%发酵中药组肉鸡的F/G显著低于热应激组。热应激组的呼吸频率和直肠温度较其他3组显著升高，其中1%发酵中药组肉鸡显著低于1%中药组。热应激组肉鸡的血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶水平显著高于对照组和1%发酵中药组。与对照组和1%发酵中药组相比，热应激组肉鸡的血清甘油三酯和葡萄糖含量显著升高，总蛋白、球蛋白含量显著降低。与对照组和1%发酵...     

多肽菌素对肉鸡血清生化指标、血清抗体水平及免疫器官指数的影响

试验旨在研究多肽菌素对肉鸡血清生化指标、血清抗体水平及免疫器官指数的影响,以验证多肽菌素提高肉鸡机体免疫力的能力。4万只1日龄科宝500肉雏鸡随机分为2组,即试验组和对照组,每组4个重复,每个重复5 000只。对照组按原有免疫和用药程序7日龄、14日龄及21日龄均进行新城疫和禽流感疫苗免疫;试验组鸡只在7日龄时进行新城疫和禽流感疫苗免疫,并在13~15日龄饲喂添加多肽菌素(400 g/t)的日粮,20~22日龄饲喂添加多肽菌素(300 g/t)的日粮。试验期28 d。结果显示:试验组28日龄肉鸡血清总蛋白含量、球蛋白含量、球蛋白与白蛋白比值(球/白)分别比对照组提高10.75%、15.17%、11.45%,谷草转氨酶活性比对照组提高6.23%,差异显著(P0.05);试验组肉鸡新城疫病毒抗体效价比对照组提高19.89%,差异显著(P0.05),禽流感病毒抗体效价比对照组提高6.97%,差异显著(P0.05);试验组肉鸡脾脏指数比对照组提高17.05%,差异显著(P0.05),试验组胸腺指数比对照组提高11.89%,差异显著(P0.05)。研究表明:肉鸡日粮添加多肽菌素,可以显著改善血清生化指标,提高机体抗体水平及免疫器官指数。     

抗热应激剂对獭兔生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

为探讨抗热应激剂对夏季热应激獭兔生产性能和血液生化指标的影响,试验选择120只2月龄体重相近的健康獭兔,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每重复10只,公母各半。I组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;II、III、IV组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%抗热应激剂。结果表明：在高温季节獭兔日粮中添加抗热应激剂,平均日采食量、平均日增重分别比对照组提高1.52%～7.94%和5.87%～17.75%,料重比降低4.27%～9.33%,皮张面积提高1.10%～5.95%,被毛密度提高0.25%～0.51%;血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、血糖、血脂、血钙、三碘甲腺原氨酸与甲状腺素含量增加,血清中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、乳酸脱氧酶、肌酸磷酸激酶活性和皮质醇浓度降低,碱性磷酸酶活性提高。由此可见,在高温环境日粮中添加抗热应激剂可提高獭兔的生产性能、毛皮品质和成活率,改善獭兔的血液生化指标,降低热应激的影响。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein