Direct measurement of long-range third-order coherence in Bose-Einstein condensates

A major advance in understanding the behavior of light was to describe the coherence of a light source by using correlation functions that define the spatio-temporal relationship between pairs and larger groups of photons. Correlations are also a fundamental property of matter. We performed simultaneous measurement of the second- and third-order correlation functions for atoms. Atom bunching in the arrival time for pairs and triplets of thermal atoms just above the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) temperature was observed. At lower temperatures, we demonstrated conclusively the long-range coherence of the BEC for correlation functions to third order, which supports the prediction that like coherent light, a BEC possesses long-range coherence to all orders.     

Attosecond control and measurement: lightwave electronics

Electrons emit light, carry electric current, and bind atoms together to form molecules. Insight into and control of their atomic-scale motion are the key to understanding the functioning of biological systems, developing efficient sources of x-ray light, and speeding up electronics. Capturing and steering this electron motion require attosecond resolution and control, respectively (1 attosecond = 10(-18) seconds). A recent revolution in technology has afforded these capabilities: Controlled light waves can steer electrons inside and around atoms, marking the birth of lightwave electronics. Isolated attosecond pulses, well reproduced and fully characterized, demonstrate the power of the new technology. Controlled few-cycle light waves and synchronized attosecond pulses constitute its key tools. We review the current state of lightwave electronics and highlight some future directions.     

温室环境自动监控

本文介绍了温室自动控制系统的组成及工作原理。该系统可完成温室内的温度、湿度、光照、CO等参数的采集,并可根据上述参数实现温度调节、光度调节、节水灌溉及CO2等参数的自动调节,实现了温室大棚自动控制功能。     

单片机测控技术在设施农业中的应用

本文结合国内外设施农业中单片机测控技术的应用现状,并对邯郸市前景温室控制技术有限公司研制开发的一套温室控制系统做了分析研究,认为单片机测控技术对提高农业设施效能有重大作用,具有很大的推广应用价值.     

水果分选台单片机测控系统的研究

在现有电子称重式水果分选台的基础上，对其测控系统进行了重新研制，将原有的PC机控制替代为单片机控制。在保持原有测控功能的前提下。操作更加灵活、简便，降低了设备成本。该单片机测控系统以AT89C51为核心。配以信号调理电路、A／D转换单元、信号输出电路和键盘／显示单元等几个部分。工作时，通过压敏式压力传感器采集水果重量产生的电压模拟信号，信号经放大、滤波、模数转换后，进入单片机进行运算处理，最终实现对水果的动态称重和实时分选控制。试验结果表明，该测控系统设计方案合理可行，操作简便灵活；能够预先设置分选等级。实现多种水果的分选。具有较好的通用性和灵活性。     

光学相干断层扫描仪和角膜内皮细胞计数仪测量中央角膜厚度的结果比较

目的 探讨光学相干断层扫描仪(OCT)与角膜内皮细胞计数仪测量中央角膜厚度(CCT)各自的正常值及相互之间的差异.方法 分别用OCT和角膜内皮细胞计数仪测量45例(90只眼)正常人的CCT并对测量值进行比较,用相关分析方法分析不同仪器测得的角膜厚度的正常值,及不同仪器间测量值的相关性.结果 OCT测得的角膜厚度正常值为(542.43±35.27) μm,角膜内皮细胞计数仪测得的正常值是(521.08±34.20)μm,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),两者呈正相关(r=0.954,P＜0.01).结论 不同机器测量得到的CCT正常值不同,医务人员在临床应用时要特别注意,最好每个型号的仪器都设立自己的正常参考值.     

虚拟仪器测控系统图形用户界面设计

针对测控系统专业软件用户界面设计原则和方法缺乏可操作性的问题,采用界面像素分布图、设备图片按钮、ActiveX动画仿真技术和配色印象空间等方法,对虚拟仪器测控系统图形用户界面的设计进行了研究。应用上述方法设计了牧草种子加工成套设备测控系统图形用户界面,运行结果表明:图形用户界面可实时动画显示设备运行状态,故障信息能够及时地传递给操作人员;同时满足成套设备的联动控制和单体设备的单独控制;控制规律和参数可以通过界面方便的在线调节;一致性的配色方案和设备图片按钮使得软件界面在符合人机工程学设计思想的同时误操作减少。该方法在专业虚拟仪器测控系统图形用户界面的设计中,具有一定的借鉴作用。     

基于虚拟仪器的出菇期蘑菇水分动态参数自动控制系统的研究

利用虚拟仪器技术设计了出菇期蘑菇水分自动调控系统,给出了硬件组成、软件设计和传感器的选用,及控制方法的实现.该系统可完成培养料水分参数、菇房温湿度参数的采集、处理和控制,应用该系统既节约了灌溉用水又提高了生产效率.     

TCP／IP模式的温室测控系统的设计与实现

针对温室远程控制的需要和以太网的发展,通过将以太网技术应用于温室测控领域,设计了一种TCP／IP模式的温室测控系统．系统的总体结构由TCP／IP环境因子传感器、基于J2EE的网络测控管理系统和被控设备组成．介绍了TCP／IP环境因子传感器的软硬件设计,并从体系构架、功能结构、数据库设计和系统实现4个方面介绍了基于J2EE的网络测控管理系统的设计．     

基于单片机的数字化粮仓测控系统的研究

在粮食实际储藏过程中,为了给粮食提供较好的保存环境,需要对粮仓的环境参数进行实时监测。为此,本研究设计了以单片机为核心的粮仓环境智能测控系统,此系统充分利用了单片机的数据处理及实时监测能力,实现了粮仓环境参数的智能检测;测控系统中,上位机实现串行通讯和数据存储与显示等功能,下位机实现粮仓温度,湿度等环境参数的采集。     

Phosphorus: an elemental catalyst for diamond synthesis and growth

As diamond-producing catalysts, 12 transition metals such as iron, cobalt, and nickel were first reported by General Electric researchers more than 30 years ago. Since then, no additional elemental catalyst has been reported. An investigation of the catalytic action of group V elements is of great interest from the viewpoint of producing an n-type semiconducting diamond crystal. In the present study, diamond was synthesized from graphite in the presence of elemental phosphorus at high pressure and temperature (7.7 gigapascals and 1800 degrees C). Furthermore, single-crystal diamond was grown on a diamond seed crystal.     

Three-dimensional hydrogen microscopy in diamond

A microprobe of protons with an energy of 17 million electron volts is used to quantitatively image three-dimensional hydrogen distributions at a lateral resolution better than 1 micrometer with high sensitivity. Hydrogen images of a <110>-textured undoped polycrystalline diamond film show that most of the hydrogen is located at grain boundaries. The average amount of hydrogen atoms along the grain boundaries is (8.1 +/- 1.5) x 10(14) per square centimeter, corresponding to about a third of a monolayer. The hydrogen content within the grain is below the experimental sensitivity of 1.4 x 10(16) atoms per cubic centimeter (0.08 atomic parts per million). The data prove a low hydrogen content within chemical vapor deposition-grown diamond and the importance of hydrogen at grain boundaries, for example, with respect to electronic properties of polycrystalline diamond.     

果树混栽区梨小食心虫的发生规律与防治措施

调查了龙泉驿区果树混栽区内桃梨小食心虫的生物学特性,运用性诱剂预报法诱蛾测报虫情,筛选最佳防治措施。结果表明,梨小食心虫在龙泉驿区一年发生5代,以老熟幼虫在枝、干、根颈部粗裂皮缝里、专寸下落叶、土里结茧越冬,7月底至8月上旬幼虫为害枝梢最为严重,防治上采取成虫和幼虫防治相结合的综合措施。     

Electronic confinement and coherence in patterned epitaxial graphene

Ultrathin epitaxial graphite was grown on single-crystal silicon carbide by vacuum graphitization. The material can be patterned using standard nanolithography methods. The transport properties, which are closely related to those of carbon nanotubes, are dominated by the single epitaxial graphene layer at the silicon carbide interface and reveal the Dirac nature of the charge carriers. Patterned structures show quantum confinement of electrons and phase coherence lengths beyond 1 micrometer at 4 kelvin, with mobilities exceeding 2.5 square meters per volt-second. All-graphene electronically coherent devices and device architectures are envisaged.     

Evidence for multiple sources of diamond from primitive chondrites

Fine-grained diamonds, the most abundant form of circumstellar dust isolated from primitive meteorites, have elemental and isotopic characteristics that are dependent on the host meteorite type. Carbon isotopic compositions vary from -32 to -38 per mil, and nitrogen associated with the diamond changes in overall abundance by over a factor of four from 0.2 to 0.9 weight percent, between ordinary and CM2-type chondrites. Although the ratio of carbon to nitrogen evolves in a distinctive way during combustion of diamond separates, metamorphic degassing of nitrogen is not the main cause of the differences in nitrogen content. The data suggest that intrinsic differences must have been inherited by the diamonds at the time of their formation and that the diamonds were distributed heterogeneously in the solar nebula during condensation. However, the hypothesis that a distinct nitrogen carrier remains hidden within the diamond cannot be ruled out.     

基于无线通信技术的温控系统的研究与设计

针对西部农业设施需求,以开发一套性能可靠,低成本,构建灵活,易升级的温室测控系统为目标,在借鉴国内外在温室测控系统研究中的成功经验基础上,将无线通信技术应用于温室群的测控系统中,提出了一种新型温室测控系统方案,在此基础完成了其硬件和软件开发。详细阐述了该方案组成及相关传感器电路和控制电路的设计,该设计系统具有性能可靠、成本低、构建灵活、易升级等特点,有良好的推广前景。     

不同杀菌剂对拟枝孢镰刀菌的毒力测定及田间防效

为筛选高效防治紫花苜蓿根腐病的药剂,选用不同杀菌剂对拟枝孢镰刀菌进行室内毒力测定,盆栽药效试验和紫花苜蓿根腐病的大田防治试验。室内毒力测定结果表明:抑菌效果较好的分别是98%咯菌腈和98%戊唑醇,质量浓度为1.25μg/mL时,它们的抑菌率分别为90.11%和83.68%,抑菌效果较差的分别是98%嘧菌酯和97%恶霉灵。盆栽试验结果表明:98%咯菌腈的EC50值最小,为2.060 3μg/mL,对紫花苜蓿拟枝孢镰刀菌的抑制作用最大。15个复配组合除组合4、8、9和10表现为相加作用外,其余组合均表现为增效作用。大田试验结果表明:50%咯菌腈和43%戊唑醇以有效剂量250g/hm2的防效较好,其防效分别为69.42%和66.78%,50%咯菌腈和43%戊唑醇以有效剂量125和125g/hm2复配具增效作用的同时防效较好,为71.39%。咯菌腈和戊唑醇等可作为大田防治紫花苜蓿根腐病的首选药剂。     

Quantum coherence in an optical modulator

Semiconductor quantum well electroabsorption modulators are widely used to modulate near-infrared (NIR) radiation at frequencies below 0.1 terahertz (THz). Here, the NIR absorption of undoped quantum wells was modulated by strong electric fields with frequencies between 1.5 and 3.9 THz. The THz field coupled two excited states (excitons) of the quantum wells, as manifested by a new THz frequency- and power-dependent NIR absorption line. Nonperturbative theory and experiment indicate that the THz field generated a coherent quantum superposition of an absorbing and a nonabsorbing exciton. This quantum coherence may yield new applications for quantum well modulators in optical communications.