共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
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Prewitt K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5676):1452-1453
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Stanger-Hall K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5727):1409-12; author reply 1409-12
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Sibley DA Bevier LR Patten MA Elphick CS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5818):1495-6; author reply 1495-6
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Grant RM Hamer D Hope T Johnston R Lange J Lederman MM Lieberman J Miller CJ Moore JP Mosier DE Richman DD Schooley RT Springer MS Veazey RS Wainberg MA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5888):532-534
After disappointing results from all efficacy trials conducted to date, the field of microbicides research now faces substantial challenges. Poor coordination among interested parties and the choice of nonvalidated scientific targets for phase III studies have hampered progress and created mistrust about the use of microbicides as a method to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmission. Although new promising strategies are available, there will need to be serious reappraisals of how decisions are made to advance the next generations of candidates into clinical trials, and the use of appropriate animal models in this process will be critical. 相似文献
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In situ nightside electric field observations from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter have been interpreted as evidence of extensive lightning in the lower atmosphere of Venus. The scenario, including proposed evidence of clustering of lightning over surface highland regions, has encouraged the acceptance of currently active volcanic output as part of several investigations of the dynamics and chemistry of the atmosphere and the geology of the planet. However, the correlation between the 100-hertz electric field events attributed to lightning and nightside ionization troughs resulting from the interaction of the solar wind with the ionosphere indicates that the noise results from locally generated plasma instabilities and not from any behavior of the lower atmosphere. Furthermore, analysis of the spatial distribution of the noise shows that it is not clustered over highland topography, but rather occurs at random throughout the latitude and longitude regions sampled by the orbiter during the first 5 years of operation, from 1978 to 1984. Thus the electric field observations do not identify lightning and do not provide a basis for inferring the presence of currently active volcanic output. In the absence of known evidence to the contrary, it appears that Venus is no longer active. 相似文献