秋甘薯早世代主要性状与产量的灰色关联分析

该文应用灰色关联分析的原理，通过各性状对单株产量的关联系数εi（k）及关联度γi，研究影响秋甘薯早世代品系单株产量的主要性状的重要程度。结果表明，秋甘薯早世代的主要性状与单株薯块产量之间的关联度依次为单薯重＞蔓粗＞分枝数＞上薯数＞结薯数＞藤叶重＞蔓长＞上薯重，为选育高产的适宜秋栽的品种提供了重要理论依据。     

秋甘薯早世代主要性状与产量的友色关联分析

该文应用灰色关联分析的原理，通过各性状对单株产量的关联系数εｉ（ｋ）及关联度γｉ，研究影响秋甘薯早世代品系单株产量的主要性状的重要程度。结果表明，秋甘薯早世代的主要性状与单株薯块产量之间的关联度依次为单薯重＞蔓粗＞分枝数＞上薯数＞结薯数＞藤叶重＞蔓长＞上薯重，为选育高产的适宜栽的品种提供了重要理论依据。     

黄瓜品种主要农艺性状相关与主成分分析

为提高黄瓜新品种（系）农艺性状的选择效率,为品种筛选、更新及高产栽培等提供理论依据。以l0个黄瓜良种为材料,对其主要农艺性状进行变异、相关及主成分分析。黄瓜的变异系数最大的性状是第1雌花出现节位,达到63.53%,节间长的变异系数最小,为4.45%。单瓜重、结瓜数、雌花数、雌花着生节位雌花数、成瓜率、果实长、果实粗等7个性状与单株产量呈正相关,其中单瓜重、结瓜数与单株产量呈极显著的正相关;株高、节间长、第1雌花出现节位呈与单株产量呈负相关。从主成分分析看,前4个主成分的累积贡献率达93.8724%。为黄瓜自交系选育、杂交配组,选配黄瓜高产良种提供理论参考。     

黄瓜种质资源单瓜种子产量评价及其与种瓜性状的相关性研究

对不同生态类型的50份黄瓜种质资源的单瓜种子产量进行检测,并对单瓜种子产量与种瓜性状进行相关分析。结果表明,黄瓜单瓜种子产量在品种间存在一定的差异,变幅在0.5~7.9 g之间;筛选出单瓜种子产量在6.2 g以上的高产黄瓜种质资源5份,单瓜种子产量在1.9 g以下的低产黄瓜种质资源5份。黄瓜单瓜种子产量与7个性状相关,其影响顺序为:单瓜籽粒数>心腔横径>百粒重>单瓜重>种子长>种子宽>心腔纵径。通径分析表明,单瓜籽粒数和百粒重是影响黄瓜单瓜种子产量的主要因素,直接通径系数分别为0.908、0.363。此外,4种生态类型之间的单瓜种子产量差异不显著。     

合理密植下不同株行距配置对棉花生长发育和产量品质的影响

为筛选合理密植条件下不同棉花品种的适宜株行距配置模式,为黄河流域机采棉的发展提供一定的技术支撑,试验筛选了3个冀中南地区主栽品种:冀棉958、石抗126和冀863,设置了75 000株/hm2种植密度下4个不同的株行距配置,行距分别为80(Ⅰ),75(Ⅱ),70(Ⅲ),(100+50) cm(Ⅳ),同时设置常规种植密度45 000株/hm2为对照(CK,行距80 cm),研究了合理密植条件下不同株行距配置对棉花生长发育和产量品质的影响。结果表明,合理密植下不同株行距配置对不同品种的株高、茎粗和果枝台数等农艺性状的影响不尽相同;冀棉958和石抗126不同株行距配置的单株成铃数之间无显著差异,均显著低于低密度下的CK,单株成铃率则均为处理Ⅱ与处理Ⅳ显著高于处理Ⅰ与处理Ⅲ;冀863的单株成铃数以处理Ⅳ最高,其次为处理Ⅱ;冀棉958籽棉产量以处理Ⅳ最高,石抗126籽棉产量为处理Ⅱ与处理Ⅳ显著高于处理Ⅰ与处理Ⅲ,冀863的籽棉产量则为处理Ⅱ与处理Ⅳ略高于处理Ⅲ,处理Ⅲ又略高于处理Ⅰ。推荐3个棉花品种适宜的株行距配置为75 cm行距与(100+50) cm 2种种植模式。     

豇豆种质资源农艺性状的相关性、主成分及聚类分析

为给豇豆育种中品种资源的合理利用提供依据,对41份豇豆品种资源15项主要农艺性状进行相关性、主成分和聚类分析。结果表明,枯萎病发生程度的变异系数最大,与豇豆产量关系密切的单荚重和单株嫩荚数2个农艺性状,与株型、嫩荚长、单株花序数和单荚种子粒数都呈现显著正相关,单株嫩荚数与开花期、叶宽和单株分枝数呈现显著负相关。15个主要农艺性状可以归纳为5个主成分,第1主成分包括株型、初花节位、嫩荚长、单荚重、单荚种子粒数、单株花序数、单株嫩荚数和单株分枝数;第2主成分包括开花期、叶长和叶宽;第3主成分包括种皮颜色和嫩荚宽;第4主成分包括嫩荚颜色;第5主成分包括枯萎病发生程度。41份豇豆种质资源在遗传距离为25处分为2大类,在遗传距离为15处分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,其中第Ⅰ类的品种优势明显,具有较好的应用前景。     

烯效唑与稀土复配剂对黄瓜生长发育和产量的影响

在初花期喷施不同浓度的烯效唑和农用稀土复配剂,初步研究了复配剂对黄瓜生长发育和产量的影响,结果表明：复配剂可降低株高,延缓衰老;使结瓜期叶片中比叶重和叶绿素含量增加,光合速率增强;对黄瓜产量有显著的增产作用,以复配剂A3B2进行处理的效果最佳,增产幅度高达27.04%;促进增产的主要原因是提高了单瓜重,其次是单株结瓜数。     

花生农艺性状与产量的灰色关联度分析

通过对花生产量与农艺性状的灰色关联度分析,结果表明.影响花生产量的农艺性状依次为百果重＞百仁重＞单株生产力＞侧枝长＞千克果数＞饱果率＞出米率＞结果枝数＞主茎高＞市斤仁数＞单株结果数＞总分枝＞生育期.在花生高产育种中,应以百果重、百仁重和单株生产力三个影响花生产量的主导因素为主攻目标,提高花生后代的有效选择,加速高产育种进程.在高产栽培中通过选用优良品种,合理密植,采用增加百果重、百仁重和单株生产力等栽培技术措施达到高产目的.     

油菜高产群体各农艺性状对产量的影响

为研究油菜高产群体各农艺性状对产量的影响,按照常规田间试验方法种植了15个甘蓝型油菜品种(系),每个品种(系)设15万、30万、45万、60万和75万株/hm²等5个密度。试验结果表明,油菜群体高产的最佳密度在30万~60万株/hm²。采用灰色关联梯度分析方法就油菜14个农艺性状对产量影响的相对重要性进行分析,其重要性表现为:一次有效分枝数>主花序长>分枝角果数>株高>每角粒数>分枝子拉千拉重>单角果子粒重>一次分枝高度>单位面积花序数>分枝单株产量>密度>主花序角果数>主花序子拉千粒重>主花序单株产量。对高产群体中的角果数、每角拉数及千粒重3个产量构成因素的相关性进行分析,结果表明:油菜每角拉数分别与分枝子粒千粒重和主花序子拉千粒重极显著负相关,但与主花序单株产量和分枝单株产量相关性不显著;分枝子粒千粒重和主花序子拉千拉重均与主花序单株产量极显著正相关,而与分枝单株产量相关性不显著。因此,油菜群体获得高产主要依靠较多的分枝数和角果数,同时兼靠单角果子粒重。研究结果可为油菜高产育种提供理论指导,可减少油菜高产...     

黄瓜品种一品秀绿及栽培技术

一品秀绿是青岛德龙种子公司2000年从日本引进的黄瓜新品种,经过二年多的种植示范,各种性状表现良 好,经济效益非常可观,是目前春秋保护地及春露地栽培的理想品种。植株生长势中等,分枝少,以主蔓结瓜为主,雌性强,每节均可结瓜,瓜条顺直、圆筒形,瓜长20cm左右,瓜横径约3cm,单瓜重128g,     

Little heterosis for yield and yield components in hybrids of six cucumber inbreds

Heterosis and inbreeding depression for fruit yield has been reported for pickling cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). However, cucumber inbreds often perform as well as hybrids, and there is little inbreeding depression. The objectives of this study were to reexamine the amount of heterosis and inbreeding depression for fruit yield and yield components in pickling cucumber, and to determine the relationship between yield components and yield for heterosis. Two pickling cucumber inbreds (M 12, M 20) and inbreds from four open-pollinated monoecious cultivars (‘Addis’, ‘Clinton’, ‘Wisconsin SMR 18’, ‘Tiny Dill’) were hybridized to form four F₁ hybrids (‘Addis’ × M 20, ‘Addis’ × ‘Wis. SMR 18’, ‘Clinton’ × M 12, M 20 × ‘Tiny Dill’). F₁ hybrids were then self-pollinated or backcrossed to generate F₂, BC_1A, and BC_1B progeny. Thirty plants of each generation within each hybrid family were grown in plots 3.1 m long with four replications in each of two seasons. Data were collected from once-over harvest for vegetative, reproductive, yield, and fruit quality traits. Heterosis and inbreeding depression for fruit yield and yield components were not observed in three of the hybrids. Only ‘Addis’ × ‘Wis. SMR 18’ exhibited high-parent heterosis and inbreeding depression for total, marketable, and early fruit weight. For ‘Addis’ × ‘Wis. SMR 18’, heterosis for fruit yield was associated with a decreased correlation between percentage of fruit set and fruit weight, an increased negative correlation between percentage of fruit set and both the number of branches per plant and the percentage of pistillate nodes, and an increased negative correlation between the number of nodes per branch and total fruit weight. Inbreeding depression was associated with a weakening of the strong negative correlations between percentage of fruit set and the number of branches per plant, and between the number of nodes per branch and total fruit weight. Those correlations were associated with high-parent heterosis and inbreeding depression only for one cross, and do not necessarily apply to future crosses in which heterosis may be observed for yield. We did not observe the heterosis or inbreeding depression for yield in cucumber in most of the crosses as was reported by Ghaderi & Lower (1979a; 1979c). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

密度和行距互作下色素辣椒产量及相关性状的多重分析

为解决色素辣椒优质高产问题，以色素辣椒品种0409为试材，采用裂区试验设计，通过多重分析法研究密度（A1：82 500株?hm-2，A2：67 500株?hm-2，A3：52 500 株?hm-2）和行距（70 cm+50 cm、60 cm+60 cm、80 cm+40 cm）互作对色素辣椒产量及相关性状的影响。结果表明：不同密度、相同行距处理下，色素辣椒生物产量和果实产量均随密度增加而递增（A1>A2>A3）；同一密度、不同行距处理下，均以行距80+40的生物产量和果实产量最高，其次为行距70+50，并且A1高密度下3种行距配置差异显著；随密度的增加，果长、果肩径、单果重、单株果重以及商品果数等产量性状均逐渐减小，但是除单株果重，其他性状差异不显著；商品果数（0.8357*）、单果重（0.8196*）和果肩径（0.7681）与果实产量的相关系数较大，而株高（-0.8394*）与果实产量呈显著负相关；多元逐步回归分析得出，株高、果肩径、单果重以及商品果数是影响果实产量的重要指标，相关系数R= 0.9998；将相关指标进行主成分分析得出，前2个主成分累计贡献率95.91%，其反应的信息与色素辣椒产量及相关性状的相关分析和通径分析结果基本一致。综上所述，高密度82 500株?hm-2、行距80+40时为色素辣椒最佳栽培方式，群体增产潜力最大。     

大豆单株产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

为了探讨大豆各主要农艺性状对单株产量影响的主次关系,以黑龙江省第二积温带种植的6个大豆品种为试验材料,应用灰色系统理论的关联度分析法对与大豆单株产量相关的8个性状进行关联分析。结果表明：大豆单株产量相关性状的灰色关联度大小依次为单株粒数>主茎分枝数>单株有效荚数>百粒重>底荚高度>株高>生育期>主茎节数,与单株产量最为密切相关的性状是单株粒数,其与产量的关联度为0.42,其次是主茎分枝数,与产量的关联度为0.39,主茎节数影响相对较小。因而,在大豆品种选育过程中,应注重单株粒数多和主茎分枝数多的品系选育。     

不同黄瓜品种对封闭式基质槽培系统的适应性研究

研究不同黄瓜品种在封闭式基质槽培系统下的适应性及品种表现,为开展槽培黄瓜高产高效栽培奠定基础。以筛选的6 个黄瓜品种为试材,对封闭式基质槽培系统下黄瓜品种的物候期、植物学性状、果实品质、产量以及抗病性进行比较分析。结果表明,参试的6 个黄瓜品种中,‘博美80-5’长势强,早期产量和总产量均为最高,较对照品种‘津优35’分别高44.37%和36.56%,且抗白粉病;‘京研108-2’维生素C含量较高,其总产量较对照品种高32.29%;‘中农50’果实风味优于对照和其他品种,可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量最高,分别高于对照品种27.74%、40.58%,且在产量、抗病性等方面表现较佳。综合比较得出,‘博美80-5’、‘京研108-2’和‘中农50’可以作为设施封闭式基质槽培系统的配套品种推广应用。     

保护地旱黄瓜主要农艺性状的相关与通径分析

以保护地专用旱黄瓜8个品种(系)作为试材,在保护地弱光条件下对旱黄瓜的18个农艺性状进行相关分析,并对产量性状进行通径分析。相关分析结果表明：单瓜重、瓜长、前期产量、叶面积、节间长与总产量呈极显著正相关;果形指数、茎粗与总产量呈显著正相关;第一雌花节位与总产量呈显著负相关;二十节内的雌花数、节间长与前期产量呈显著正相关,第一雌花节位与前期产量呈显著负相关;品质与产量性状相关不显著。通径分析结果表明：二十节内雌花数对前期产量的直接通径系数最大为0．8617,其次为单瓜重;单瓜重对总产量正相关的直接作用最大,其次为瓜长、二十节内雌花数。这为保护地专用早熟、优质、丰产旱黄瓜新品种的选育提供了理论依据。     

Variation in the photoperiodic response on several characters in soybean,Glycine max (L.) Merrill

Summary The photoperiodic response on 12 characters in 40 soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cultivars were investigated using 10-hour (short day) and 16-hour (long day) photoperiods. Seventeen cultivars showed no significant difference between photoperiods for all 12 characters. Seven cultivars showed significant difference for only one trait. Phenotypic changes in 17 cultivars may be due to factors other than photoperiod. Number of pods per plant, days to maturity, and number of nodes per plant were highly correlated with yield per plant in both photoperiods. Invariably, the cultivars which had significant differences in the numbers of flowers produced per plant between the two photoperiods also had significant differences in the numbers of pods per plant and yield. First node to flower, plant height at flowering, days to flowering, nodes at flowering, and the 100-seed weight were least influenced by the photoperiods in most of the cultivars, while the height at maturity, number of nodes at maturity, number of days to maturity, and yield were most influenced.AVRDC Journal paper 46 (78–88).     

Interrelations among vegetative,yield and bunch quality traits in short-tem oil palm progenies

Summary Breeders usually obtain information on a large number of traits in their breeding and selection programmes. However, since some or many of these traits could be related, it is desirable to reduce the number being handled to the barest minimum without sacrificing efficiency. Breeders often use correlations, stepwise multiple regressions and path coefficient analyses to determine the nature of relationships among such characteristics. The objective of this study was to use these statistical methods to determine traits that could be useful in predicting number of bunches (NB), fresh fruit bunch yield (FFB) and mean bunch weight (MBW) for 13 backcross progenies of oil palm (Elaeis sp.) grown in four replications with 12 palms per replication. Data were collected over a period of 3 or 11 years, depending on the trait. Progeny means and individual palm data, averaged across replications and years, were used for each of these analyses.Results showed that correlations involving individual palm data were similar to the progeny mean correlations. Five to seven traits accounted for about 70–90% of the variations in the dependent variables. Traits that showed the highest correlations with the dependent variables always accounted for the largest proportion of the variation (r²) in multiple regression models, but did not always have the highest direct effect (i.e. path coefficients) in path analysis of the dependent trait. Number of leaves per palm had the highest correlation (r=0.729) with, and accounted for 53.2% of the variation in NB. Path analysis however showed that percentage fruit per bunch (% F/B) was the most important determinant of NB. It exerted the highest direct effect of 0.537. The highest correlation with FFB involved number of leaves (r=0.660), which, in multiple regression models also accounted for the largest proportion (44.0%) of the variation in FFB. Path analysis showed that percentage mesocarp per fruit gave the highest direct effect (p=–0.974) for this trait. It was concluded that various combinations of number of leaves per palm, sex-ratio, percentage fruit per bunch and percentage mesocarp per fruit would be effective as indirect selection criteria for NB, FFB and MBW in this set of material.     

施肥量对柠檬幼树矿质养分、产量及品质的影响

连续3年开展不同施肥水平对柠檬幼树养分含量及果实产量、品质影响的研究,以期筛选出柠檬幼树适宜的经济施肥量。每株每月分别施用柠檬幼树专用肥0(CK)、10、20、40、80、160 g,测定各处理叶片、果实、果皮、果肉的矿质养分含量,每年统计单株产量及果实品质,探讨施肥量对矿质养分吸收和果实产量、品质的影响。结果表明,施肥能显著增加叶片和果实N、Mg、Zn、Mn、Cu、Fe含量。随着施肥量的增加,P、K含量先降低后增加,Ca、Mg、Fe含量则呈相反趋势,为先增加后减少。不同施肥处理3年总产量表现为40 g>20 g>10 g>80 g>0 g>160 g;肥料用量为40 g时的产量和品质最佳,其产量是对照的9.62倍,可食率、出汁率、可溶性固形物、维生素C、可滴定酸分别增加26.97%、7.37%、38.21%、21.57%、39.38%。综合考虑植株的养分、产量和果实品质情况,推荐柠檬幼树生长中每株每月施用柠檬专用肥40 g。     

华南主栽高产籼稻根系形态特征及其与产量构成的关系

为探明不同类型高产籼稻的根系形态特征差异及其与产量的关系,以7个目前在华南地区大面积推广应用的主导品种(组合)合美占、桂农占、玉香油占、粤晶丝苗2号、五优308、天优998、天优122为材料,在2010-2011年进行两年盆栽试验,分别考查分蘖盛期、抽穗期及成熟期的单株、单茎及单条不定根形态性状,利用WinRhizo根系分析系统分析抽穗期的根系分枝特征,并计算根系形态特征与产量的相关性。结果表明: (1)杂交籼稻组合各生育时期的单株根数、单株根长、单茎根长及单条根长均显著大于常规籼稻品种;单株和单茎的根体积与干重差异不明显;常规稻单条根质量则普遍高于杂交稻。(2)抽穗期不同级别根的表面积和体积均为不定根>粗分枝根>细分枝根,杂交稻不同级别根的总长度为粗分枝根>不定根>细分枝根,常规稻则为不定根>粗分枝根>细分枝根;杂交稻的分枝根总长度及粗分枝根和细分枝根的长度、表面积、体积都显著大于常规稻;常规稻的平均根直径则显著大于杂交稻。(3)杂交稻与常规稻根系特征的主要差异是单株根数和长度的差异,分蘖数和单条根长度的差异是两者根系特征差异的重要原因。(4)单株不定根数、不定根总长、根干重等12个根系性状分别与产量显著或极显著正相关;单株不定根数和分枝根总表面积分别是影响产量的主要因素。这些结果为水稻根系遗传改良和超高产育种及栽培提供了参考。