南天竹组培快繁技术

对彩色园林植物南天竹组培快繁技术进行研究,结果表明:MS+1.5 mg/L(质量浓度,后同)BA+0.1mg/L IBA是最佳的增殖配方,增殖系数可达7.3;将3 cm长的嫩茎经壮苗培养和MS+0.25 mg/L BA处理后,转接到1/2MS+0.25 mg/L IBA+0.1 mg/L NAA+0.2 g/L活性炭,且pH为6.5生根培养基中,生根率高达87%以上。在增殖培养基中添加1.0 g/L的50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂能有效地抑制内生菌。     

野生玫瑰组培快繁育苗技术的研究

以野生玫瑰当年生去叶带芽嫩茎为试验材料进行组培繁殖育苗技术研究。结果表明,野生玫瑰的外植体诱导丛生芽的最佳培养基配方为MS BA3.0 mg.L-1 NAA0.3 mg.L-1,最佳继代培养基为MS BA3.0 mg.L-1 NAA0.1 mg.L-1,增殖率达4.95倍;最佳生根培养基配方为1/2MS NAA0.1 mg.L-1,生根率达99%以上。     

I-69杨与小叶杨杂交种胚培养研究

本研究利用组织培养技术对进行培养挽救,以为了提高育种成功率.试验结果表明:外植体的最佳消毒方法为75％酒精消毒30 s后在0.1％升汞处理8min,幼胚的成活率为90％.随着外植体消毒时间增加,幼胚成活率先上升后下降.幼胚最佳萌发培养基为1/2MS+ BA0.1 mg·L-1+ NAA0.01 mg·L-1.最佳继代增殖培养基为MS+ BA0.1 mg· L-1+ NAA0.01 mg·L-1,增殖系数达到6.33.对不定芽增殖最有利条件为:pH值6.0、琼脂浓度6g·L-1和蔗糖浓度30 g·L-1.最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+ IBA0.2 mg·L-1,生根率为93.2％.     

杂交马褂木组织培养技术研究

外植体采自杂交马褂木的幼树或扦插苗,采集部位为其顶芽或腋芽,最佳培养基为MS+BA2.0 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L。采用DCR为基本培养基,加入抗褐化试剂柠檬酸50.0mg/L,Vc 50.0 mg/L,继代增殖率可以达到2.8倍,最高达到4倍。生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA1.5 mg/L+活性炭0.5 g/L,瓶苗生根率高达61%。组培苗直接移栽到红心土,成活率达到93%以上。     

柽柳的组织培养研究

以野生耐盐变异柽柳植株的萌动芽为材料,进行了不同植物生长调节剂及浓度对萌动芽生长、生长芽分化、不定芽生根的影响及试管苗的移栽、扦插、移植试验,成功建立了耐盐野生变异柽柳植株的无性系。结果表明:MS+BA 0.1 mg.L-1+GA 0.5 mg.L-1+IAA 0.2 mg.L-1是暗培养条件下培养芽生长的理想培养基;MS+AgNO31.0 mg.L-1+BA 1.0mg.L-1+NAA 0.1 mg.L-1是不定芽分化培养的理想培养基;1/2MS+IAA 0.4 mg.L-1是试管苗生根培养的理想培养基;移植到海边沙滩上的试管苗保持了耐盐变异性状,并且生长旺盛,根系发达。     

大哥大红掌实用化生产的组织培养研究

以叶片、叶柄或叶茎为外植体,在培养基MS+6-BA 1～2mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+2,4-D 0.1～0.2mg/L上均可诱导愈伤组织的产生,其中以MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L+2,4-D 0.1mg/L效果最好,诱导率可达87%以上;其最佳的分化培养基MS+6-BA 1.5mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L上,分化率可以达到90%以上,大哥大红掌最佳的增殖培养MS+6-BA 2mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L,培养30d芽的增殖系数达到3.45,降低6-BA浓度或提高NAA浓度有利于培养壮苗;1/2MS+NAA 0.1mg/L+1g/L活性炭的培养基诱导植株生根效果最好,生根率86%,平均每株苗生根3条;生根试管苗移栽于泥炭土:珍珠岩=5∶1的基质,成活率约86%。     

白花泡桐优树组织培养幼化技术研究

为了探索白花泡桐的幼化技术,以13个白花泡桐优树为试验材料,通过组织培养法对白花泡桐优树材料的幼化技术进行了研究。结果表明:嫁接嫩芽为最适合的外植体;MS+BA 4.0 mg.L-1+NAA 0.3mg.L-1为初代芽诱导最佳培养基;1/2 MS+BA4.0 mg.L-1+NAA0.3 mg.L-1为继代培养幼化的最合适的培养基;12个白花泡桐优树材料成功得到幼化。1/2 MS+NAA0.1 mg.L-1或1/2 MS+IBA0.1 mg.L-1+NAA0.1 mg.L-1为最理想的生根培养基。炼苗在室内进行,炼苗一个月后大棚壮苗,成活率可达95%以上。     

紫毛野牡丹组织培养与快速繁殖研究

以紫毛野牡丹茎段为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,通过不同的激素种类和浓度配比,对紫毛野牡丹组培快繁体系建立进行了研究。结果表明,外植体表面消毒用70%乙醇浸泡30s,无菌水冲洗2遍,0.1%升汞浸泡5-7min,无菌水冲洗5遍消毒效果最好,污染率仅为21%;最佳初代培养基配方是MS+6-BA1.0mg.L-1+NAA0.5mg.L-1;继代培养最佳配方为MS+6-BA1.0mg.L-1+NAA0.1mg.L-1,平均增殖率达到3.4;最佳生根配方为1/2MS+NAA(IBA)0.1-0.2mg.L-1;生根苗移栽于黄心土以及混合基质中,成活率达到80%。     

金叶风箱果组培技术研究!

通过对金叶风箱果组培工厂化育苗技术研究的阐述,总结了金叶风箱果组培工厂化育苗最优培养基配方:诱导培养基配方为MS+BA 0.6mg.L-1+NAA 0.05mg.L-1+蔗糖35g.L-1+琼脂8g.L-1,诱导率达到了84%;增殖培养基配方为MS+BA 1.2mg.L-1+IBA 1.0mg.L-1+蔗糖35g.L-1+琼脂8g.L-1,增殖倍数达到6.11;生根培养基配方为1/2MS+NAA0.05mg.L-1+IBA 1.0mg.L-1+蔗糖35g.L-1+琼脂8g.L-1,生根率达95%。     

杂交马褂木组织培养技术研究

摘要：外植体采自杂交马褂木的幼树或扦插苗,采集部位为其顶芽或腋芽,最佳培养基为MS+BA 2.0 mg/L +NAA 0.1 mg/L。采用DCR为基本培养基,加入抗褐化试剂柠檬酸50.0 mg/L,Vc 50.0 mg/L,继代增殖率可以达到2.8倍,最高达到4倍。生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 1.5 mg/L +活性炭0.5 g/L,瓶苗生根率高达61%。组培苗直接移栽到红心土,成活率达到93%以上。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.