对执业兽医资格考试管理的思考

<正>执业兽医资格考试作为国家考试于2009年10月,圆满完成了5个省份的考试试点工作,在积累了宝贵工作经验的基础上,农业部决定2010年在全国全面统一实施执业兽医资格考试。实行统一的执业兽医资格考试是多数畜牧业发达国家的通行做法,国外执业兽医资格考试管理经过近百年的发展,其考试管理模式和运作程序都非常成熟,一些经验和做法值得我们学习和借鉴。笔者结合北美执业兽医资格考试管理,对执业资格兽医考试规范管理进行了如下思考。     

2008 American Association of Feline Practitioners' feline retrovirus management guidelines

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are among the most common infectious diseases of cats. Although vaccines are available for both viruses, identification and segregation of infected cats form the cornerstone for preventing new infections. Guidelines in this report have been developed for diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and management of FeLV and FIV infections. All cats should be tested for FeLV and FIV infections at appropriate intervals based on individual risk assessments. This includes testing at the time of acquisition, following exposure to an infected cat or a cat of unknown infection status, prior to vaccination against FeLV or FIV, prior to entering group housing, and when cats become sick. No test is 100% accurate at all times under all conditions; results should be interpreted along with the patient's health and risk factors. Retroviral tests can diagnose only infection, not clinical disease, and cats infected with FeLV or FIV may live for many years. A decision for euthanasia should never be based solely on whether or not the cat is infected. Vaccination against FeLV is highly recommended in kittens. In adult cats, antiretroviral vaccines are considered non-core and should be administered only if a risk assessment indicates they are appropriate. Few large controlled studies have been performed using antiviral or immunomodulating drugs for the treatment of naturally infected cats. More research is needed to identify best practices to improve long-term outcomes following retroviral infections in cats.     

一种两用高跟女鞋的设计

高跟鞋是女性的必须品,也是美的象征。本文主要介绍了一种两用高跟鞋的研发背景和研发过程。公开了设计图纸和思路。改造后的两用高跟鞋深受女性朋友们的喜爱。     

Dual RNA-seq技术及其在宿主-病原体相互作用中的研究进展

利用转录组测序技术(RNA-sequencing, RNA-seq)进行转录组分析是了解病原体入侵宿主分子变化的重要工具,在同时分析病原体与宿主转录组时,RNA-seq技术需要分别构建病原体及宿主的cDNA文库,再将其各自映射到病原体及宿主参考基因组中,而互作转录组测序技术(Dual RNA-seq)无需分离两物种,只需构建一个转录组文库,便能同时对两个(或多个)研究对象进行测序和分析,可以直观地揭示病原体和宿主相互作用过程中转录组学动态变化,因此Dual RNA-seq技术被广泛应用到人类疾病和生物感染模型的相互作用研究中。为了解Dual RNA-seq技术及其在宿主-病原体相互作用研究中的前景,就Dual RNA-seq技术概述以及近年来该技术在原核生物、真核生物以及病毒研究中的应用现状及发展前景进行综述。Dual RNA-seq技术可为病原体与宿主相互作用的研究提供新视角,有助于更好地识别和理解感染过程中病原体和宿主的转录组学变化,从而揭示潜在的新靶点或生物标记物。     

Phylogenic aspects of the amphibian dual olfactory system

The phylogenic significance of the subdivision of dual olfactory system is reviewed mainly on the basis of our findings by electron microscopy and lectin histochemistry in the three amphibian species. The dual olfactory system is present in common in these species and consists of the projection from the olfactory epithelium (OE) to the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and that from the vomeronasal epithelium (VNE) to the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). The phylogenic significance of subdivisions in the dual olfactory system in the amphibian must differently be interpreted. The subdivision of the MOB into its dorsal region (D-MOB) and ventral region (V-MOB) in Xenopus laevis must be attributed to the primitive features in their olfactory receptors. The middle cavity epithelium lining the middle cavity of this frog possesses both ciliated sensory cells and microvillous sensory cells, reminding the OE in fish. The subdivision of the AOB into the rostral (R-AOB) and caudal part (C-AOB) in Bufo japonicus formosus must be regarded as an advanced characteristic. The lack of subdivisions in both MOB and AOB in Cynops pyrrhogaster may reflect their phylogenic primitiveness. Since our lectin histochemistry to detect glycoconjugates expressed in the olfactory pathway reveals the subdivisions in the dual olfactory system in the amphibian, the glycoconjugates may deeply participate in the organization and function of olfactory pathways in phylogeny.     

警犬训练二元归因探析

警犬训练是人犬结合、默契配合的结果,训练的成功与否,关系到两个方面的因素,即人与犬。本文从生理学、心理学的角度,就带犬民警气质、警犬神经类型的二元关系进行探讨。