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钼对小鼠免疫功能的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
钼(Mo)是动物、植物、微生物及人类必需的微量元素,是黄嘌呤氧化酶,醛氧化酶,亚硫酸氧化酶的组成成分,参与电子传递及铁的释放与运输,影响多种物质的代谢,具有重要的生理学功能。但过量的钼可导致动物中毒,并以反刍动物最为敏感。1938年Ferguson首次报道了牧草中钼含量过高,可使放牧牛产生以剧烈腹泻为特征的中毒性疾病。目前,有关钼对动物免疫功能的影响研究较少。本试验通过对小鼠日常饮水中加入不同剂量的钼,研究钼对小鼠免疫功能的影响,为动物钼中毒防治及科学饲养提供资料。 相似文献
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铜对免疫功能影响的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
崔恒敏 《动物科学与动物医学》2004,21(11):37-39
试验研究表明,铜在维持正常的免疫功能方面具有重要作用。铜缺乏引起淋巴免疫器官的病理损伤和体液免疫、细胞免疫以及非特异性免疫功能降低。缺铜动物免疫功能受损的同时死亡率和对传染性因子的易感性增高。而高铜或铜中毒对机体免疫功能影响的研究几乎处于空白,文献报道极少。现就铜对免疫系统结构及功能影响的研究及其进展综述如下。 相似文献
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微量元素铜对动物免疫功能的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
微量元素铜与动物免疫功能之间有着密切的关系 ,缺铜影响动物免疫器官的发育 ,影响动物的特异性和非特异性免疫功能 ,降低细胞因子的分泌。现就微量元素铜对动物免疫功能的影响作一综述。1 铜与免疫器官免疫系统由免疫器官、免疫细胞和免疫分子组成。根据发生的早晚和功能的差异 ,可把免疫器官分为中枢免疫器官和外周免疫器官两部分 ,中枢免疫器官包括胸腺、骨髓及禽类的法氏囊 ;外周免疫器官是成熟的T细胞和B细胞定居、增殖和对抗原进行免疫应答的场所 ,包括淋巴结、脾脏及一些淋巴组织。缺铜影响动物免疫器官的发育 ,赵德明等[1] 对肉… 相似文献
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抑制素是一种主要由动物性腺分泌的异二聚体蛋白激素 ,它通过选择性抑制垂体促性腺激素 (主要是 FSH)的分泌 ,进而影响动物的生殖活动。而利用抑制素对动物主动或被动免疫 ,可增加排卵率 ,提高繁殖力的独特功能越来越受到人们的重视。本文就近年来有关抑制素免疫对动物生殖功能影响的研究作一综述。1 抑制素的类型在抑制素免疫研究中 ,有 3种形式的免疫原 ,即天然抑制素制剂、合成抑制素肽段和重组型抑制素。1 .1 天然抑制素 主要有牛抑制素 ( b MPI)和羊抑制素 ( o MPI) ,它是用一种单克隆抗体 2 56 H(其具有对牛 3 2 KD抑制素特异… 相似文献
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微量元素是机体必需的成分 ,对于调整体液的pH值 ,维持渗透压稳定以及对细胞膜、酶系统、激素功能的发挥都起着重要作用。在微量元素的营养功能日益被揭示的同时 ,随着营养免疫学的研究和发展。关于微量元素对动物免疫机能影响的研究也逐渐深入 ,并日益引起人们的广泛关注。目前已有的研究表明 ,微量元素缺乏或过量都会影响动物的免疫功能 ,主要表现在两个方面 ;一是缺乏时会直接造成机体免疫器官、免疫细胞等的损伤 ,并影响其分化 ,导致免疫缺陷 ;二是影响机体免疫器官和组织以外的其他组织的营养代谢和生长发育 ,间接引起免疫功能下降。… 相似文献
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酵母培养物对隐性乳房炎奶牛乳品质及体细胞数的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
酵母培养物(Yeast Culture,YC)是由酵母细胞、细胞外代谢产物以及变性培养基组成的混合物,其代谢产物中含有丰富的维生素、氨基酸、寡糖、小分子肽、醇类、酯类及其他一些重要的辅助因子.近期的研究表明,YC含有免疫活性物质,能够增强绒山羊的抗氧化功能和免疫功能[2],而YC的这种免疫增强功能在隐性乳房炎奶牛方面的应用鲜见报道.本试验研究YC对隐性乳房炎奶牛产奶量、乳汁成分及体细胞数的影响. 相似文献
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微量元素对动物机体免疫功能的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
影响动物免疫功能的因素很多,主要有:生物制剂、化学药剂、饲料营养、中草药剂以及动物本身的抵抗力等,本文仅就微量元素对动物机体免疫功能的影响作一阐述。 相似文献
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铜缺乏对动物免疫功能影响的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
微量元素铜缺乏可引起人及动物的许多疾病,可涉及神经系统、心血管系统、消化系统、骨骼组织等的病理损伤。关于铜对机体免疫功能的影响开始于80年代初期,在最近十几年,有关缺铜对实验动物小鼠及大鼠免疫功能损伤的报道颇多。这些研究主要通过用低铜的日粮来复制动物... 相似文献
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免疫是动物在长期的进化过过程中获得的防疫能力,动物的免疫功能对于抵抗病原微生物的入侵、保证动物健康十分重要动物营养是维持正常免疫功能的基础和必要条件营养因素对免疫有重要的影响.文章阐述了营养因素如蛋白质、小肽和氨基酸、脂肪酸、维生素、微量元素、多糖对动物免疫机能的影响. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献