紫苏子油不皂化物的分离与分析

采用快速硅胶柱层析和气相色谱对紫苏子油中甾醇、4 - 甲基甾醇及三萜醇等不皂化物的成分进行了分 离和分析。并用气相色谱- 质谱联用技术确定了甾醇中的7种化合物,它们分别为胆甾醇(Cholesterol) 、菜油甾醇 (Campesterol) 、豆甾醇( Stigmasterol) 、β - 谷甾醇(β - Sitosterol) 、α - 菠菜甾醇(α - Sp inasterol) 、Δ5 - 燕麦甾醇(Δ5 - Avenasterol)和Δ7 - 豆甾烯(Δ7 - Stigmastenol) 。     

菜籽油不皂化物中甾醇成分的分析

采用制备型高效液相色谱法将菜籽油不皂化物分离为甾醇、４－甲基甾醇、三萜醇和烃四类。甾醇部分经乙酰化后，由气相色谱法分析，并采用硝酸银硅胶制备薄层色谱法和高效液相色谱法进一步分离。分得的主要组分经薄层、气相色谱、溶点、红外光谱和质谱鉴定，并分离得到β－谷甾醇，菜油甾醇，菜籽甾醇和△５－燕麦甾醇等纯品。被认定的有２４－亚甲基胆甾醇、豆甾醇、△７－豆甾烯醇和△７－燕麦甾醇。     

芥菜籽油和亚麻仁油中脂肪酸和不皂化物成分的分析

采用高效液相色谱和气相色谱对芥菜籽油和亚麻仁油中的脂肪酸和甾醇、４—甲基甾醇、三萜醇等不皂化物成分进行了分离、鉴定和测定。     

微孔草种子油脂肪酸及不皂化物的分析

采用气相色谱法对我国青藏高原特有的野生油料作物微孔草种子油的脂肪酸和不皂化物进行分析。结果表明，其脂肪酸成分以不饱和脂肪酸为主，亚油酸、亚麻酸有较高的含量，三萜醇含有环阿屯酸及其衍生物，4-甲基甾醇以纯叶大戟甾醇和环桉烯醇为主，甾醇以菜油甾醇和β-谷甾醇为主。     

红花籽油中不皂化物成分的分析

红花籽油是一种优质食用植物油。采用高效液相色谱、气相色谱及气－质联用方法分离和测试红花籽油不皂化物成分,结果表明,红花籽油不皂化物主要成分为甾醇、三萜醇和４－甲基甾醇等。甾醇含量最高,占不皂化物总量的６２．５％,三萜醇和４－甲基甾醇含量分别为１３．９％和７．５％。甾醇由８种分组成,三萜醇和４－甲基甾醇均由４种成分组成。     

不同产地的紫苏籽油活性成分检测与主成分分析

为评价油品质与营养功能,有效开发不同产地的紫苏籽油,收集19个产地的紫苏籽,分析了油的理化性质,脂肪酸、维生素E、植物甾醇等活性成分的组成及含量。结果发现：紫苏籽油主要含有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸五种脂肪酸,亚麻酸含量58.8%～70.9%,不饱和脂肪酸含量91.1%～93.8%;紫苏籽油含有△-5燕麦甾醇、菜籽甾醇、β-谷甾醇及环阿廷醇,总甾醇含量67.0mg/100g～94.4mg/100g;紫苏籽油含有α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚,γ-生育酚占总生育酚含量95%左右,总的生育酚含量为63.4mg/100g～99.4mg/100g。通过主成分分析及主成分中各性状载荷分析发现,α-亚麻酸、γ-生育酚、菜籽甾醇是紫苏籽油的特征活性成分,对不同产地的紫苏籽油差异影响较大。对紫苏籽油的12个脂溶性活性成分进行分层聚类热图分析,可将19个产地的紫苏籽油分成6大类。      

云南大叶种茶树籽油的特征指标与脂肪酸组成研究

采用化学滴定及气相色谱等手段,对产自云南普洱的5个大叶种茶树籽油及8个常见食用植物油的特征指标(折光指数、相对密度、碘值、皂化值)和脂肪酸组成进行了对比研究.结果表明,5个大叶种茶树籽油折光指数为1.4629～1.4634;相对密度为0.9148～0.9167;碘值为859～903 g·kg-1;皂化值为189.0～1...     

茶籽壳原花青素的鉴定与分析

利用大孔吸附树脂HPD200A分离茶籽壳原花青素,采用花青素反应、UV法、TLC法对产品进行定性分析,并利用HPLC法对产品进行定量分析。结果表明：20%乙醇洗脱所得的样品Ⅰ和60%乙醇洗脱所得的样品Ⅱ均为原花青素。定量分析表明：样品Ⅰ和Ⅱ的得率分别为15.00mg/g和36.90mg/g;纯度分别为97.22%和76.46%;HPLC分析表明,样品Ⅰ含有D,L-C 0.05%、EGCG 0.35%和可可碱0.02%;样品Ⅱ含有EGCG 0.01%、可可碱0.02%和咖啡碱0.07%。     

刚果12号桉叶片化感物质的初步分离分析

对刚果12号桉鲜叶中的化感物质采用水蒸气蒸馏和超临界二氧化碳萃取2种方法进行提取分离，并运用GC／MS分析技术对提取物进行分析鉴定。2种方法共分离鉴定出119个化学组分，其中20个组分完全相同，其它的完全不同，主要成分有α—桉叶油醇(α-eudesmol)、β—桉叶油醇(β—eudesm01)、对伞花烃(p—cymene)、香树烯(aromadendrene)、水芹烯(phellandrene)、4-萜品醇(4-terpineol)、苍术醇(hinesol)、反式石竹烯(trans—caryophellene)等。其中桉叶油醇类的含量在这2种提取方法中分别占了34．36％和31．40％。因此，桉叶油醇在刚果12号桉的化感作用中可能处于举足轻重的地位。是否如此有待今后进一步的研究。     

Characterization of castor oil/polycaprolactone polyurethane biocomposites reinforced with hemp fibers

Abstact  The thermal and mechanical properties of castor oil/polycaprolactone-based polyurethane (CPU) films and polyurethane biocomposites reinforced with hemp fibers (HCPU) were investigated. Although similar films can be synthesized from petroleum, the main interest in studying these biomass-based composites is based on the fact that both fiber and matrix are derived from renewable resources. In this study, castor oil was used as a polyol for polyurethane films and hemp fiber was used to reinforce the biocomposites. To control the mechanical properties of CPU and HCPU, polycaprolactone diol (PCL) was added to the polyol mixture. Varying the mixing ratio of castor oil and PCL, the thermal and mechanical properties of the CPU and HCPU samples were investigated by using FT-IR, DSC, DMTA, Minimat, and SEM. In an attempt to improve interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix biocomposites, hemp fiber was reacted with MDI. FE-SEM micrographs showed that the surface of the hemp fiber became smoother after reaction with MDI. Urethane bonding formation was confirmed by FT-IR.     

Chemical composition and profile characterisation of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seed oil

Seeds of a Tunisian variety (Béjaoui) of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) were analysed for their main chemical composition and for their oil properties. Expressed on dry weight basis, seed moisture was 8.46%, whereas contents of proteins, fibre, ash, fat, and total sugars established at 33.92%, 3.97%, 21.97%, 31.57%, and 0.11% respectively. Gas chromatography revealed that the major fatty acids were oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids (44.11%, 34.77%, and 15.97% respectively). Seed oil was also found to be rich in tocopherols with a predominance of δ-tocopherol (42.27%). The sterol marker β-sisosterol accounted for 39.6% of total sterols contained in seed oil of this variety. Six phenolic acids (protocatechuic, caffeic, syringic, vanillic, p-coumaric and ferulic) were detected, the syringic acid being predominant (7.96 mg/100 g). As a whole, based on its seed oil features, pumpkin may be considered as a valuable source for new multi-purpose products for industrial, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical utilisation.     

莲都区发展茶叶籽油生产可行性分析

在茶叶生产中,每年产生的大量茶叶籽没有很好地得到开发利用而白白地浪费掉,而茶叶籽油是可与山茶油、橄榄油媲美的高档食用油。有目的有计划地对茶叶籽进行开发利用,不仅可以增加茶农收入,促进茶产业稳步发展,而且为高端食用油的开发开劈了新的途径。本文结合生产实际分析了莲都区发展茶叶籽油生产的可行性。     

超声波辅助提取苹果籽油工艺研究

通过二次回归正交旋转组合试验探讨了超声波辅助提取苹果籽油的最佳工艺条件，研究了液料比（石油醚体积与苹果籽质量之比）、提取时间、提取温度和超声波频率对苹果籽油提取率的影响。结果表明，当液料比为8，提取时间为35min，提取温度为35℃，超声波频率为60kHz时，苹果籽油提取率最高，可达到23.94％。通过与索氏提取法对比，证明超声波是一种可靠、高效的提取苹果籽油的方法。     

Serum and liver lipids of rats fed rubber seed oil

Crude rubber seed oil (RSO) was incorporated at the 5% level in diets free of cholesterol or containing 1% cholesterol, respectively. These studies were initiated for the purpose of evaluating the palatability and potential toxicity of RSO. Corn oil was used as a control. A considerable amount of unsaponifiable matter was detected in RSO. In addition, RSO was found to possess a fatty acid profile which was fairly different from that of corn oil, primarily due to a much higher content of linolenic acid and a lower content of linoleic acid in RSO. No adverse effects on food intake and average daily gain were observed in rats fed RSO in both cholesterol-free and cholesterol diets. The presence of RSO in cholesterol-free diets results in lower (p<0.05) serum and liver total cholesterol levels than in control animals. A relative hypercholesterolemic effect compared to corn oil was observed however, when RSO was added to diets containing 1% cholesterol. In summary, the physicochemical properties of RSO as well as the presence of cholesterol in the diet are important factors in evaluating the cholesterolemic effect of RSO.     

采收时间对油葵种子质量及品质的影响

为明确不同采收期对油葵种子质量和品质的影响,本研究以67×早R、36×早R和早熟矮大头3个油葵材料为研究对象,于开花后30、35、42、47 d收获种子,对相同条件下晾干的种子进行活力相关指标和品质指标测定.结果表明,67×早R和早熟矮大头在开花后42 d收获的种子,活力较高;36×早R以开花后47 d收获的种子,活力...     

The physico-chemical properties of the seed and seed oil ofJatropha gossipifolia

The physico-chemical properties of the seed and seed oil ofJatropha gossipifolia were assessed by standard methods. The seed contains 35.8% crude oil of iodine value 107.25, 13.40% protein, 9.25% fibre, 30.32% carbohydrate and 6.0 g/kg saponins. The fatty acid composition of the seed oil was determined by GC-MS. Caprylic, myristic, palmitoleic, palmitic, oleic, stearic, linoleic, vernolic, arachidic, behenic and lignoceric acids were found.