日本阿格里斯草莓高架栽培模式的引进

正日本阿格里斯草莓高架栽培模式具有设备安装简便,栽培管理简单,节水节肥,省人工等优点,草莓缓苗快,开花结果期生长旺盛,产量高,生产的果实硬度大、糖度高,且采摘更方便。自2008年以来,北京市昌平区每年种植5300栋日光温室草莓,草莓产业已成为昌平区农业的一张名片。为摸索出适合北京地区草莓产业发展的高架栽培模式,2018年底昌平区农业技术推广站从日本阿格里斯株式会社引进草莓高架栽培设备。该设备具有节水、节肥、节省人工等优点,     

不同栽培模式对草莓生长发育的影响

以草莓品种红颜为试材,在日光温室中进行土壤栽培、半基质栽培和高架栽培3种方式的促成栽培,比较不同栽培模式对草莓生长发育以及产量、品质和经济效益的影响。结果表明:半基质栽培和高架栽培的缓苗速度明显比土壤栽培快。在物候期方面,半基质栽培草莓的初果期和盛果期均为最早,土壤栽培最晚。草莓植株长势由强到弱依次为高架栽培、半基质栽培、土壤栽培。土壤栽培、半基质栽培和高架栽培春节前每667 m~2产量分别为461.40、587.20、506.80 kg,总产量分别为1 873.96、1 873.43、1 919.42 kg。土壤栽培的草莓果实糖酸比、16种氨基酸总量、VC含量均最高,高架栽培最低。土壤栽培、半基质栽培和高架栽培每667 m~2总收入分别为51 321.20、55 084.60、53 592.40元,纯利润分别为12 276.95、18 149.42、13 523.73元,投入产出比分别为1∶1.31、1∶1.49、1∶1.34。综上所述,在日光温室促成栽培草莓时,采用半基质栽培模式早期产量高,经济效益最好;高架栽培模式总产量最高;土壤栽培模式品质最好。     

日本阿格里斯草莓高架栽培模式的引进

日本阿格里斯草莓高架栽培模式具有设备安装简便，栽培管理简单，节水节肥，省人工等优点，草莓缓苗快，开花结果期生长旺盛，产量高，生产的果实硬度大、糖度高，且采摘更方便。     

北京市昌平区草莓基质生产情况调研

基于北京市昌平区草莓种植户的问卷调研数据,运用描述性统计分析方法,对草莓高架基质、地面半基质模式生产情况进行分析.结果 显示:高架基质和半基质模式较土壤模式具有管理省工,人力成本低,用肥、用药量降低,果实美观整洁等优点;生产中存在的问题主要有基质价格高,栽培槽边易折果柄等.病虫害防治与营养液配比是受访者最想了解的草莓基...     

草莓双层高架栽培模式的气象条件分析

以草莓为试材,以高架直立双层栽培模式为研究对象,分析比较了北京市昌平区草莓日光温室双层高架栽培模式中上下2层的温度、湿度、光照等气象条件。结果表明:上层植株所处环境条件较好,而下层环境相对较差;12月下旬至2月下旬,下层最高气温在16.8~23.8℃,较上层低2.1~2.9℃;下层空气相对湿度在38.5%~96.8%,较上层空气相对湿度30.6%~99.8%变幅小;下层最高光照强度4 367.0~8 001.5lx,较上层低11 172.4~14 885.7lx。上层草莓果实始收期较下层提前13d。     

高架草莓适栽品种筛选及栽培关键技术

通过试验筛选适宜高架栽培的草莓品种,结果表明,‘红颊’、‘章姬’在低温条件下能保持较高的生长量,有利于保障春节前后的产量,且综合果实经济性状较好。总结高架草莓栽培关键技术,包括栽培基质配比、营养液管理、温光肥管理、病虫害防治等。     

温室草莓高平畦种植模式

为了应对昌平区农业人口老龄化日益突出,传统草莓种植模式劳动强度大、用工成本高的问题,昌平区农业技术推广站经过试验,探索出了温室草莓高平畦栽培模式,与传统种植模式相比,具有节水、省人工的特点,产量和常规高畦栽培草莓无差异;通过将粉碎的作物秸秆在草莓拉秧后旋耕入土壤中,还可以增加土壤有机质含量,培肥地力;单位面积灌溉用水量可节省近40%;人工成本可减少2/3;高平畦保水性好于高畦,整地做畦的用工量也小于传统模式。     

温室草莓高架基质栽培技术

草莓高架栽培是我国近年来在草莓生产中应用的一种新模式,该研究主要从基质配制、品种选择、日常管理、病虫害防治等方面介绍了草莓高架栽培技术,以期为草莓生产者提供技术参考。     

控释肥在辣椒上的梯度用量试验

为探讨控释肥对辣椒生产的提质增效作用,进一步实施化肥减量增效和轻简化栽培,采用蔬菜专用控释肥在辣椒上进行梯度用量比较试验,42%控释肥用量设5个处理,667 m~2用量分别为80、90、100、110、120 kg,以常规施肥为对照,研究适宜辣椒生产的最佳控释肥用量。结果表明:667 m~2施用42%控释肥120 kg的处理5最优,667 m~2较对照减施纯养分13.1 kg,减量19.4%,667 m~2增产427 kg,增产率29.9%,667 m~2净收入提高1 960元,净增收提高37.5%,为化肥减量增效提供了一种选择。     

草莓“双行凹形垄”栽培模式综合评价

为推动草莓水肥高效利用栽培技术的应用,系统评价草莓"双行凹形垄"栽培模式的节水节肥效应。文章以设施草莓‘红颜’为试验材料,设置双行凹形垄与常规垄(CK)2种垄形,并对2种垄形下栽培草莓的生长、产量、品质和水肥利用等指标展开研究。结果表明:凹形垄栽培草莓在不影响产量的前提下,果实可溶性固形物含量比CK提高12.7%,且有利于根系生长与分布,有效表现出分根灌溉的节水保肥效果,相比CK节水46.03%。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.