茶文化背景下某某地区在校大学生性认识、性行为调查及其对策

历经几千年流传至今的茶文化作为中国传统文化的一部分,对现代社会成员特别是当代大学生有着一定的影响。本文研究某某地区在校大学生对性认知的了解、普及程度,及性行为发生和思想调查,探讨在校大学生在性方面问题的解决方法。随机选取某某地区5所高校,每所学校选取200名在校大学生,通过问卷调查的方式调查性认知和性观念,同时对发生过性行为的在校大学生心理、行为、认知、生活习惯和受到性行为的影响因素进行更深一步的调查。结果某某地区在校大学生对性知识的了解甚少,性防范意识淡薄,在过量发生性行为的大学生中普遍出现亚健康状态,高校对在校大学生性知识了解关注甚少,导致在校大学生没能树立正确的性观念。     

湘西“茶山号子”及其演唱特点研究

随着当前人们对文化艺术的价值认知日益成熟,如今想要实现对传统茶文化的准确认知和有效了解,就必须对所具备的文化内涵进行全面融入。通过对多元文化艺术背景下的"茶山号子"艺术的发展状况进行探究,其必然能实现该艺术的传承与创新。本文拟从湘西地区"茶山号子"艺术的发展传承状况分析入手,结合湘西地区"茶山号子"艺术的演唱特点认知,从而探究多元文化艺术背景下的"茶山号子"艺术的传承思路。     

中英“茶语言”对比及其文化内涵

语言作为传承茶文化重要的载体,蕴含着丰富的文化内涵。虽然英国"茶语言"源于我国,但是在英国本土文化的影响下,其认知、词义、阶级性等方面与我国"茶语言"存在明显的差异。正确认识中英两国"茶语言"之间的差异及其背后蕴含的文化内涵,对于了解英国茶文化,促进茶文化交流,具有非常积极的现实意义。     

探析西方茶文化对英语文学作品的影响

虽然茶与茶文化都发源于我国,但是随着中西方贸易不断推动,茶叶作为重要的贸易产品,也进入西方各国。通过探究西方茶文化对英语文学作品的影响,能够帮助我们通过对相关文化载体的有效认知,从而全面了解西方茶文化的具体内涵及形成过程。本文拟从西方茶文化的形成过程进行分析,结合西方茶文化的具体内涵认知,通过阐述西方茶文化对英语文学作品创作的具体影响,从而实现对西方茶文化和英语文学作品的有效认知和体系化传承。     

茶文化对现代汉语词汇的影响探究

中华文化博大精深,茶文化相关的汉语词汇也十分丰富。茶文化自古流传,在发展过程中不仅能体现传统社会状况,也会体现不同年代人们的生活习惯、理想信仰等等。因此,积极探究茶文化对现代汉语词汇的影响,可以加强对传统文化的正确认知,也有利于文化传承和发扬。本文将分析茶文化相关的现代汉语词汇,还会讲述茶文化发展推动现代汉语词汇发展历程,希望以此了解茶文化对现代汉语词汇的影响,并以此加强对茶文化以及现代汉语词汇的深入认知和了解。     

中国优秀茶文化融入大学生思想政治教育的有效途径探究

我国有着悠久的茶文化历史,茶文化是中华民族的宝贵财富。大学生思想政治教育是培养大学生人生观与价值观的重要渠道。将中国优秀茶文化融入大学生思想政治教育中,不仅能够让大学生了解中国优秀的传统文化,促进茶文化的传承发展,而且能够有效提升大学生的文化素养与审美价值。     

浅论中国茶文化的内涵

通过对茶文化内容进行全面有效分析,可以发现茶文化实际上就是我国传统文化体系的核心和精髓。在多元文化不断发展的今天,传统文化正在面临传承和创新的危机,其中最重要的原因就是缺乏对传承载体进行全面有效的认知。因此,深层次剖析和认知中国茶文化极为必要。本文拟从中国茶文化的形成过程进行全面分析,结合中国茶文化的具体内涵,通过对当前中国茶文化在传承过程中面临的压力进行体系化认知,从而探究多元文化背景下中国茶文化的传承思路。     

茶文化时代下大学生思政工作的创新

在目前利用茶文化元素,创新大学生思政教育机制时,其需要充分发挥茶文化的文化内涵和精神启迪价值,通过营造极具文化特色的学生成长氛围,创新和优化茶文化机制,从而使得大学生能够在整个茶文化中,具体体会到茶文化的传承精神与文化自信,从而形成属于学生的时代"信仰"与人文"精神"。本拟从创新大学生思政工作的多种要求分析入手,在对茶文化价值内涵进行全面分析之后,从而真正理解茶文化时代下,创新大学生思政工作的实施体系。     

浅谈茶文化与大学生素质教育

我国历史文化悠久,茶文化经历了一个繁荣发展的历史时期。在大学生中推广茶文化,不仅能使大学生了解茶的功能作用与文化内涵,同时对于弘扬和传承民族传统文化有着积极的作用。     

从茶文化看当代大学生对传统文化的传承

中国传统文化渊源流长、丰富多彩,而茶文化是传统文化的重要组成部分,对于当代大学生传统文化的传承发挥着重要作用,通过茶文化引导当代大学生对传统文化的传承是一种行之有效的手段,能够推动大学生群体健康成长,能够培养大学生的奉献精神,弘扬我国传统文化。本文基于茶文化视角下,通过茶文化在当代大学生对传统文化传承中的现状进行分析,主要探讨了当代大学生对传统文化的传承,希望能够促进我国传统文化的发展。     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Mineral composition of some traditional Mexican teas

Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation,Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O₂^•− scavenging, (IC₅₀ = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC₂₅ = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC₅₀ = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC₅₀ = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O₂^•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.     

Marine Pharmacology in 2009–2011: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial,Antidiabetic, Antifungal,Anti-Inflammatory,Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis,and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems,and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action ?

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.